In the Matter of the Russell Trust

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

2 IN THE MATTER OF THE RUSSELL
3 FAMILY TRUST,

4 and

5 SHARON RUSSELL,

6 Plaintiff-Appellant,

7 v. NOS. 32,629 and 32,730
8 (consolidated)

9 ESTATE OF DIANA RUSSELL and
10 TRACY BELCHER, as trustee of the RUSSELL
11 FAMILY TRUST,

12 Defendants-Appellees.

13 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF ROOSEVELT COUNTY
14 Teddy Lowe Hartley, District Judge

15 Eric Dixon Attorney & Counselor at Law, P.A.
16 Eric D. Dixon
17 Portales, NM

18 for Appellant

19 Doerr & Knudson, P.A.
20 Stephen E. Doerr
21 Portales, NM
 1 for Appellee Estate of Diana Russell

2 Greig & Richards, P.A.
3 William H. Greig
4 Clovis, NM

5 for Appellee Tracy Belcher

6 MEMORANDUM OPINION

7 GARCIA, Judge.

8 {1} Plaintiff Sharon Russell appeals the district court’s judgment involving two

9 separate causes of action involving the Russell Family Trust (the Trust) that have been

10 consolidated on appeal. We affirm.

11 BACKGROUND

12 A. The Trust and its Successor Trustees

13 {2} The Trust was created by Dorothy Russell and Wiley Russell in 1992. Pursuant

14 to the terms of the Trust, when Wiley Russell died in 2000, the Trust was split into an

15 “A” trust (Trust A) and a “B” trust (Trust B).1 Trust A was a revocable trust of which

1
17 We use the terms “Trust A” and “Trust B” only as necessary to distinguish
18 between the original Russell Family Trust, Trust A, and/or Trust B. Otherwise, we use
19 the term “the Trust” throughout the opinion for convenience and because the
20 substantive issues in this case do not involve legal distinctions between these trusts.

2
 1 Dorothy was the settlor, trustee, and life beneficiary. Trust B was an irrevocable trust

2 of which Dorothy was the trustee and life beneficiary, but not the settlor. Dorothy’s

3 two daughters, Sharon Russell (the Plaintiff in this case) and Diana Russell, were

4 initially designated successor co-trustees of Trust A and Trust B.

5 {3} However, due to “serious and irreconcilable disharmony” between Sharon and

6 Diana, Dorothy amended Trust A in 2005 to remove Sharon and Diana as successor

7 co-trustees and replace them with two independent successor trustees. Because Trust

8 B was irrevocable, Dorothy filed an action in the district court in 2005 to replace

9 Sharon and Diana as successor co-trustees for Trust B with the same two independent

10 successor trustees. We refer to this action as “the 2005 case.” In January 2006, the

11 district court entered an order in the 2005 case removing Sharon and Diana as

12 successor co-trustees for Trust B and replacing them with the two independent

13 successor trustees.

14 {4} About nine months later, one of these independent successor trustees resigned.

15 Dorothy continued to function as the trustee of the Trust until she died in November

16 2010. About a month after Dorothy died, the second independent successor trustee,

17 who became the acting trustee upon Dorothy’s death, informed the beneficiaries that

18 he wished to resign. Before resigning, he designated Tracy Belcher, a local certified

19 public accountant, to serve as the successor trustee.

3
 1 B. The District Court Filings Involving Sharon, Diana, and Ms. Belcher

2 {5} In January 2012, Sharon and her children2 filed a petition in the 2005 case for

3 an accounting of the Trust and to remove Ms. Belcher as trustee, asserting breaches

4 of fiduciary duties and trust mismanagement. In March 2012, Diana learned of

5 Sharon’s petition and filed a “Motion to Dismiss” it for lack of subject matter

6 jurisdiction. A few days later, Diana opened a new cause of action, asking the district

7 court to order that her share of the trust assets be distributed to her (the 2012 case).

8 Ms. Belcher, Sharon, and Diana then filed several documents in both cases that are not

9 relevant to this appeal.

10 C. July 2012 Hearing and August 2012 Order

11 {6} Although the district court had not formally consolidated the 2005 and 2012

12 cases, it held a joint hearing on matters pending in both cases on July 23, 2012, and

13 entered an order on August 7, 2012 (the August 2012 order). As to matters between

14 Sharon and Ms. Belcher, the district court ordered the parties to “attempt, in good

15 faith, to meet and negotiate a resolution of all issues pending in this proceeding” or

16 else it would order a formal mediation. As to Diana’s petition for distribution of the

17 trust assets, the district court entered an order stating that the parties agreed that Diana

2
18 Sharon’s children are not involved in this appeal.

4
 1 was entitled to a distribution of 40% of the assets in Trust A and 50% of the assets in

2 Trust B, that Diana had no claims against Ms. Belcher, and that Sharon requested a

3 portion of Diana’s share of Trust A be held pending resolution of Sharon’s claims

4 against Ms. Belcher.

5 {7} The district court also ordered that Randall Burnett, another certified public

6 accountant, serve as trustee of the Trust; that Mr. Burnett distribute to Diana her share

7 of the Trust assets, except for a sum agreed to by the parties to be held until Sharon’s

8 claims against Ms. Belcher were resolved; that the parties would have two weeks to

9 negotiate a distribution of the real property assets in the Trust that would allow Mr.

10 Burnett to distribute Diana’s share; and, that if the parties could not agree to these

11 matters, the district court would hold a hearing as soon as possible to resolve them.

12 D. Sharon’s Motions After Diana’s Death

13 {8} About a month later, on August 28, 2012, Diana died. Her estate was

14 substituted as a party in the proceedings. Three days after Diana’s death, Sharon filed

15 an emergency motion in the 2005 and 2012 cases. In this motion, Sharon asked the

16 district court to “immediately stay trust distribution” due to Diana’s death and the

17 suspicious circumstances and police investigation surrounding her death. The motion

18 also asked that Diana’s home “be placed under control” of the court-appointed trustee

19 Mr. Burnett and that “no one be allowed in the home until such time as an

5
 1 investigation can be completed.” (Emphasis added.) Finally, the motion asked that any

2 of the Trust assets that had previously been distributed to Diana “be placed with the

3 [c]ourt or back into the [T]rust until further order of the court.” About ten days after

4 Diana’s death, Sharon filed another motion, asking the district court to modify the

5 distribution of the Trust. In this motion, Sharon asserted that Diana’s share had lapsed

6 due to her death without surviving issue and that the trust settlors “intended their hard-

7 earned life-long accumulated family assets to STAY within their family.”3 Sharon

8 asked the district court to order the trustee to distribute all of the Trust assets to the

9 “remaining beneficiaries”—Sharon and her children.

10 {9} Ms. Belcher and Diana’s estate opposed Sharon’s motions. Diana’s estate

11 asserted that the new motions were “without valid factual or legal basis[,]” a

12 “malicious abuse of process[,]” and asked for an award of attorney fees and costs for

13 defending against the motions. Sharon then moved to strike the Notice of Substitution

14 of Party filed by Diana’s estate as “premature[,]” asking that it be “dismissed or, in the

15 least, held in abeyance pending the outcome of the probate matters [involving Diana’s

16 estate].”

3
16 The record shows that in her will, Diana bequeathed all of her estate’s assets
17 to “recognized 501(c)(3) charitable organizations that provide for special needs
18 children and children with handicaps, including Native Americans.”

6
 1 E. October 2012 Hearing and Order

2 {10} The district court held a hearing on the pending motions on October 9, 2012.

3 We describe the relevant details of this hearing more fully in our discussion below.

4 After the hearing the district court entered a written order on October 29, 2012 (the

5 October 2012 order). As to the distribution of Diana’s share of the Trust assets to her

6 estate, the October 2012 order stated, in relevant part, that:

7 • “[t]he [c]ourt heard the proffered testimony from [Sharon’s witnesses,]

8 Detective Sergeant Chris Williams of the Portales Police Department and

9 Frank Mason . . . [and] determines that their testimony and the issues

10 pertaining thereto are not relevant to the proceedings before the [c]ourt”;

11 • Diana’s death did not affect its August 2012 order regarding distribution

12 of the Trust assets;

13 • Sharon’s emergency motion was “not relevant” and “should be denied”;

14 • Sharon’s motion to strike the notices of death and substitution of party

15 was “not timely[,] . . . [was] without basis[,] and should be denied”;

16 • Sharon’s motion to modify the order for distribution of trust assets was

17 “without a valid, factual and/or legal basis and should be denied”;

7
 1 • “the pleadings filed by . . . [Sharon] herein [were] not pertinent to the

2 administration of the Trust as set forth in prior [c]ourt [o]rders and the

3 [c]ourt denies the same”; and

4 • the court-appointed trustee Mr. Burnett shall “serve as a [s]pecial

5 [m]aster” and “effectuate the final distribution of the Trust assets”

6 according to the August 2012 order, “review and determine if

7 outstanding invoices are proper and should be paid[,]” and that a “list . . .

8 of outstanding invoices . . . be circulated” and “any questions . . . raised

9 . . . be presented to [the district c]ourt for approval” or “otherwise, paid

10 now.”

11 As to Sharon’s claims against Ms. Belcher, the October 2012 order stated, in pertinent

12 part, that:

13 • the district court scheduled a hearing to be held on December 19, 2012

14 to address Sharon’s claims against Ms. Belcher;

15 • within thirty days of the October 2012 order, the trustee Mr. Burnett,

16 “acting as [s]pecial [m]aster,” was to “make a determination whether . . .

17 [Ms. Belcher’s] fees and expenses submitted [were] reasonable and

18 allowable trust expenses”; and

8
 1 • once Mr. Burnett completed a proposal for the distribution of assets and

2 the fees to be paid to Ms. Belcher, “any party may file their pleading

3 challenging the same within ten (10) days . . . [and] request a hearing on

4 the same at that time.”

5 Mr. Burnett prepared his proposed distribution of assets and delivered this proposal

6 to the parties and the district court. The record shows that Sharon did not file any

7 pleadings challenging Mr. Burnett’s proposal for distribution of the assets.

8 F. December 19, 2012 Hearing

9 {11} On December 18, 2012, a new attorney filed an appearance as co-counsel on

10 behalf of Sharon and moved to continue the December 19, 2012 hearing. A brief

11 hearing did occur on December 19, 2012, however, where counsel for all parties and

12 the trustee Mr. Burnett were present. At this hearing, Sharon’s new co-counsel stated:

13 We have reached somewhat of an agreement . . . to get us to the next
14 level. There was an agreement after speaking to Mr. Burnett, and myself,
15 [Diana’s estate’s counsel], [Sharon’s original counsel], and [Ms.
16 Belcher’s counsel]. We’re going to release certain fees that were talked
17 about in the conference room and we’re gonna get those to Ms. Belcher
18 and [Ms. Belcher’s counsel] today. Pursuant to that agreement, [Ms.
19 Belcher’s counsel] is going to allow us some little bit of time to look
20 over, if we have some any other issues. He’s not gonna ask for a
21 finalized thing or dismissal with prejudice. We’re gonna work on it and
22 sit in there in our offices at nighttime and if we got issues we’ll raise
23 them with [Ms. Belcher’s counsel] and Ms. Belcher right now. But what
24 I’ve informed my client is we’re not going to argue over itty bitty bull
25 crap stuff. If we got bigger issues to file, we’ll go to bigger issues to file

9
 1 and we gotta take those on but not argue over bull things and spend more
2 money.

3 When discussing whether to schedule a merits hearing on Sharon’s claims against Ms.

4 Belcher for December 26, 2012, Sharon’s new co-counsel stated:

5 I’m gonna let you know, Judge, that there ain’t gonna be a merits hearing
6 until me and [Ms. Belcher’s counsel] and [Diana’s estate’s counsel] can
7 work out all the wrinkles, and the only time we’re going to use the
8 court’s resources and have any more of these resources used taking up
9 the trust money, is if we have some real serious issues [inaudible].

10 The district court responded, “If you’ve got 90% of the things settled, [and] you got

11 10% of the things over here that need the court input, narrow them down and let me

12 make a decision on them and that way everybody’s mad at me. Fair enough?” All

13 counsel replied, “fair enough.” The district court then scheduled the next hearing for

14 December 26, 2012 to address “anything that can’t be worked out.”

15 G. December 26, 2012 Hearing and January 2013 Order

16 {12} On December 26, 2012, the district court held its scheduled hearing concerning

17 Sharon’s claims against Ms. Belcher. We describe the relevant details of this hearing

18 in our discussion below. In the January 2013 order that resulted from this hearing, the

19 district court found that Mr. Burnett had prepared a final distribution plan for the Trust

20 and that Sharon and Ms. Belcher reached an agreement on payment of Ms. Belcher’s

21 fees. It approved Mr. Burnett’s plan and ordered that the trust assets be distributed

22 according to the plan, approved the “compromise payment” of fees to Ms. Belcher by

10
 1 the Trust, and ordered that Sharon pay Diana’s estate $2500 in attorney fees and Ms.

2 Belcher $1000 in attorney fees for defending against Sharon’s new motions that were

3 alleged to be a malicious abuse of process.

4 H. Sharon’s Due Process Arguments on Appeal

5 {13} Sharon argues in her brief in chief that the district court violated her procedural

6 due process rights when it:

7 1. refused to allow her witnesses to testify at the October 9, 2012 hearing;

8 2. refused to allow her to present testimony and evidence “related to the

9 reasonableness of [Ms. Belcher’s] fees” at the December 26, 2012

10 hearing;

11 3. approved Mr. Burnett’s report regarding distribution in its January 2013

12 order “without any hearing” (emphasis omitted); and

13 4. awarded attorney fees against Sharon in its January 2013 order “without

14 any hearing[.]” (Emphasis omitted.)

15 I. New Arguments that Sharon Makes for the First Time in her Reply Brief

16 {14} Sharon makes additional new arguments in her reply brief that she does not

17 assert in her brief in chief. These new arguments are:

18 1. the district court “lacked jurisdiction to make any determinations” in this

19 case because “the [T]rust established binding arbitration as the sole

11
 1 method of resolving disputes between the parties” (emphasis omitted);

2 and

3 2. “[a]lternatively, the [district] court improperly dismissed the claims of

4 the trustee’s self-dealing[.]” (Emphasis omitted.)

5 DISCUSSION

6 A. Procedural Due Process Issues Regarding the October 9, 2012 Hearing

7 {15} Sharon asserts that the district court violated her procedural due process rights

8 when it refused to admit her witnesses’ testimony at the October 9, 2012 hearing,

9 “including [that of] Officer Williams of the Portales Police Department and/or the

10 care-taker of [Diana,] Frank Mason.” We do not agree with this argument.

11 {16} The October 2012 order stated that “[the district court] heard the proffered

12 testimony from Detective Sergeant Chris Williams of the Portales Police Department

13 and Frank Mason[,]” and it “determine[d] that their testimony and the issues

14 pertaining thereto [were] not relevant to the proceedings before the [c]ourt.” Sharon

15 does not dispute the district court’s finding that her witnesses’ testimony was not

16 relevant under our rules of evidence. See Rule 11-401 NMRA (setting forth the test

17 for relevant evidence); Rule 11-402 NMRA (stating that “[i]rrelevant evidence is not

18 admissible”). Instead, she seems to argue that the exclusion of her witnesses’

19 testimony was a per se violation of her right to procedural due process, regardless of

12
 1 its relevancy. In support of this argument, Sharon cites this Court’s decision in In re

2 Miller for the general proposition that “[a] refusal to allow witnesses to be called is

3 a denial of procedural due process.” 1975-NMCA-116, ¶ 37, 88 N.M. 492, 542 P.2d

4 1182, overruled on other grounds by El Castillo Ret. Residences v. Martinez, 2015-

5 NMCA-041, 346 P.3d 1164.

6 {17} In Miller, property owners protested the assessor’s valuation of their real

7 property before the county’s valuation protests board. 1975-NMCA-116, ¶ 18. The

8 board refused to allow the property owners to conduct discovery or present any

9 evidence, citing a statute providing that court rules do not apply to hearings held

10 before the board. Id. This Court rejected the board’s decision, stating that “[t]he

11 reason for making the Rules of Evidence and Rules of Civil Procedure inapplicable

12 to hearings before county valuation protest boards is not to restrict the discovery and

13 presentation of evidence, but to facilitate it.” Id. ¶ 19. The Court concluded that the

14 evidence the property owners sought to present “was relevant” to the board’s

15 valuation and that the board must allow its admission. Id. ¶¶ 26-27.

16 {18} Unlike Miller, the district court in this case did consider the proffered testimony

17 of Sharon’s witnesses and found that their testimony was not relevant. Sharon does

18 not dispute this finding, nor does she develop her argument by explaining how the

19 testimony was relevant to the proceedings or how it would have affected the outcome.

13
 1 See Headley v. Morgan Mgmt. Corp., 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15, 137 N.M. 339, 110

2 P.3d 1076 (observing that we do not review unclear or undeveloped arguments). And,

3 Sharon does not cite any authority for the proposition that a district court’s refusal to

4 admit irrelevant evidence violates due process. Therefore, we decline to review this

5 argument any further. See In re Adoption of Doe, 1984-NMSC-024, ¶ 2, 100 N.M.

6 764, 676 P.2d 1329 (“We assume where arguments in briefs are unsupported by cited

7 authority, counsel after diligent search, was unable to find any supporting authority.

8 We therefore will not do this research for counsel. Issues raised in appellate briefs

9 which are unsupported by cited authority will not be reviewed by us on appeal.”

10 (citations omitted)).

11 B. Entry of the October 2012 Order

12 {19} Sharon asserts that the October 2012 order, setting forth the process and time

13 frame for distribution of the Trust assets and resolution of disputes, was entered “sua

14 sponte” without giving counsel an opportunity to review or object to it, in violation

15 of Rule 1-058(C) NMRA. See Rule 1-058(C) (“In all events, before the court signs

16 any order or judgment, counsel shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to examine

17 the same and make suggestions or objections.”). We disagree.

18 {20} First, the record does not support Sharon’s argument that the October 2012,

19 order was entered “sua sponte” without the opportunity for any input from Sharon.

14
 1 Sharon’s counsel was present at the October 9, 2012 hearing, she participated in the

2 discussions about the content of the order that would result from the hearing, and the

3 content of the October 2012, order is consistent with what was discussed at the

4 hearing, in relevant part, as follows:

5 [COURT to Mr. Burnett as special master:] Why don’t you do this. Why
6 don’t you get the proposal typed, fixed, give it to both parties, let them
7 object to it if they need to . . . . Then we’ll have a hearing on approval of
8 your deal. And you can hear the objections, and I’m appointing you to
9 be in charge of making a fair resolution of those objections, and unless
10 there’s something that I don’t think of right now, we’ll approve that as
11 the court’s order. So, that’s your job.

12 ....

13 [DIANA’S ESTATE’S COUNSEL:] Your Honor, if I might, just for
14 purposes of the order, the court’s giving Mr. Burnett how long to submit
15 his proposal?

16 [COURT:] Thirty days long enough?

17 [DIANA’S ESTATE’S COUNSEL:] . . . Can he do it in less than that?

18 [Laughter in the court room]

19 [COURT to Sharon’s counsel]: Thirty days?

20 [SHARON’S COUNSEL:] Works for us, Your Honor.

21 [COURT]: Okay, Thirty days.

22 [DIANA’S ESTATE’S COUNSEL:] And then each side has seven
23 days—

24 [COURT:] Ten. Ten days to object.

15
 1 [DIANA’S ESTATE’S COUNSEL:] And then Mr. Burnett has how long
2 to resolve the disputes?

3 [COURT:] If he has disputes and he can’t resolve them in another ten
4 days, we’ll bring them back and the court will resolve them. And then
5 I’m gonna resolve whatever dispute it is with Ms. Belcher. . .

6 ....

7 [COURT to Ms. Belcher’s counsel:] Alright, what I want you to do is
8 kinda what I just said earlier. I want you to present your bill, Ms.
9 Belcher’s bill . . . to . . . Mr. Burnett, let him review them. If he thinks
10 it’s fair I want you to put those in your report. Unless they’re grossly
11 unfair or there’s skullduggery, I’m gonna order that they be paid so that
12 we don’t run up any more bills. Put that in the order, counsel.

13 ....

14 [COURT to all counsel:] Here’s the court’s position at this time. Based
15 upon the things that we’ve talked about here this afternoon, the things
16 that I’ve said Mr. Burnett needs to put together, basically he’s going to
17 be a special master for this purpose. And when his report comes in, and
18 you all can work with the report if you want to, when the report comes
19 in and it looks reasonable, and of course [Sharon’s counsel] has a right
20 to object to that, then I anticipate that if it suits the court, the court will
21 adopt it and we’ll end the deal.

22 {21} Second, Sharon did not preserve her argument regarding the entry of the

23 October 2012 order. See Cockrell v. Cockrell, 1994-NMSC-026, ¶ 6, 117 N.M. 321,

24 871 P.2d 977 (“[T]o preserve trial error for appeal it is necessary to call the error to

25 the attention of the trial court.”). Sharon does not point to, and we have not found, any

26 place in the record where she objected to the content of or manner in which the

27 October 2012 order was entered. See Rule 12-213(A)(4) NMRA (requiring appellant

16
 1 to include in the brief in chief “a statement explaining how the issue was preserved

2 in the court below”); Crutchfield v. New Mexico Dep’t of Taxation & Revenue, 2005-

3 NMCA-022, ¶ 14, 137 N.M. 26, 106 P.3d 1273 (“Absent . . . citation to the record or

4 any obvious preservation, we will not consider the issue.”). And, Sharon does not

5 develop her argument by explaining how the content of the October 2012 order was

6 inconsistent with the oral decisions rendered at the October 9, 2012 hearing or how

7 the failure to adhere to Rule 1-058(C) affected her rights or otherwise harmed her. See

8 Headley, 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15 (observing that we do not review unclear or

9 undeveloped arguments); Rule 1-061 NMRA (“No error or defect in any ruling or

10 order or anything done or omitted by the court or by any of the parties is ground for

11 . . . vacating, modifying or otherwise disturbing a judgment or order, unless refusal

12 to take such action appears to the court inconsistent with substantial justice. The court

13 at every stage of the proceeding must disregard any error or defect in the proceeding

14 which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties.”).

15 {22} Sharon also contends that the entry of the October 2012 order was improper

16 because it “did not address the still pending issues regarding [Ms. Belcher]’s handling

17 of the trust assets.” Again, Sharon does not develop this argument by explaining why

18 and under what authority the district court was required to resolve her claims against

19 Ms. Belcher before entering the October 2012 order. See Headley, 2005-NMCA-045,

17
 1 ¶ 15 (observing that we do not review unclear or undeveloped arguments); In re

2 Adoption of Doe, 1984-NMSC-024, ¶ 2 (“We assume where arguments in briefs are

3 unsupported by cited authority, counsel after diligent search, was unable to find any

4 supporting authority.”). Again, she does not explain how entering the order prior to

5 resolution of her claims against Ms. Belcher affected her rights or otherwise harmed

6 her. See Rule 1-061 (“No error or defect in any ruling or order or in anything done or

7 omitted by the court or by any of the parties is ground for . . . vacating, modifying or

8 otherwise disturbing a judgment or order, unless refusal to take such action appears

9 to the court inconsistent with substantial justice.”). And, she did not preserve this

10 argument by objecting to entry of the October 2012 order in the district court or

11 requesting reconsideration of any error after the order was entered. See Rule 12-

12 213(A)(4) (requiring appellant to include in the brief in chief “a statement explaining

13 how the issue was preserved in the court below”); Cockrell, 1994-NMSC-026, ¶ 6

14 (“[T]o preserve trial error for appeal it is necessary to call the error to the attention of

15 the trial court.”); Crutchfield, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 14 (“Absent . . . citation to the

16 record or any obvious preservation, we will not consider the issue.”).

17 {23} Furthermore, the record shows that at the October 9, 2012 hearing, the parties

18 and the district court recognized that Sharon’s claims against Ms. Belcher were still

19 pending, Sharon’s counsel asked for a separate hearing on those claims, the district

18
 1 court agreed to another hearing on those claims, and further hearings were then

2 scheduled to address claims against Ms. Belcher.

3 [MS. BELCHER’S COUNSEL:][T]here’s still the unresolved conflicts
4 between [Sharon] and Ms. Belcher that still are in issue that either have
5 to be mediated or set for trial.

6 ....

7 [SHARON’S COUNSEL:] Your Honor, we had several issues, one of
8 which was taking a corporate trustee fee when you’re not functioning as
9 a corporate trustee.

10 ....

11 [SHARON’S COUNSEL:] Your Honor, the original document that
12 started all of this you have yet to hear. We would like a setting and we
13 would like you to hear [it].

14 ....

15 [COURT:] You’ll get a setting, we’ll hear that[.]

16 C. The Reasonableness of Ms. Belcher’s Fees Addressed at the December 26,
17 2012 Hearing

18 {24} Sharon asserts that at the December 26, 2012 hearing, the district court “decided

19 [to rule on the issue of Ms. Belcher’s fees] without reviewing the trustee’s billing or

20 allowing any testimony regarding the appropriateness of the trustee’s [offered] billing

21 to stand.” Specifically, Sharon asserts that the district court violated her procedural

22 due process rights a second time when it “refused to receive any evidence related to

23 the reasonableness of the successor trustee’s fees” and “refused to hear the testimony

19
 1 of the trustee as to the reasonableness of her fees or any other matters.” Again, we do

2 not agree with this argument.

3 {25} First, Sharon did not preserve this argument. Our review of the December 26,

4 2012 hearing reveals that Sharon’s purpose for calling witnesses was to (1) ask Mr.

5 Burnett why he suggested reducing Ms. Belcher’s fees in order to support Sharon’s

6 claims that Ms. Belcher mismanaged the Trust and breached her fiduciary duties; and

7 (2) establish for purposes of appeal that Sharon’s agreement to have the Trust pay

8 discounted fees to Ms. Belcher did not operate as a release of the other claims against

9 her. Sharon did not ask to present testimony to establish whether the discounted fees

10 approved by the district court and actually paid to Ms. Belcher were reasonable. In

11 relevant part counsel stated:

12 [DIANA’S ESTATE’S COUNSEL:] Would the court allow me to call
13 Ms. Belcher . . . . I understood that there was a compromise reached . . .
14 that Ms. Belcher had submitted a request for payment of her fees, that
15 there was discussion back and forth that Ms. Belcher discounted her fees.
16 It’s my understanding that was in exchange for release of their claim.
17 There’s gotta be a reason why the fees were reduced and I need that on
18 the record that I think there’s been a compromise and settlement, if they
19 have actually agreed to a reduced amount and paid her then I think that’s
20 compromise and settlement. If [Sharon is] going to appeal, I need a
21 record of that.

22 ....

23 [SHARON’S COUNSEL:] I guess we would also then want to call Mr.
24 Burnett . . . . I think [Mr. Burnett] may have made a decision because of
25 some of the way that things were done with taking fees for accounting

20
 1 and a variety of other things and he chose to do a lesser amount to try to
2 make it a more fair amount. But Mr. Burnett was not in on discussions
3 with us, and so if we need to make a record about why Mr. Burnett chose
4 to lessen the fee, we would certainly like to do that.
5
6 [SHARON’S CO-COUNSEL:] Let me correct something. I can assure
7 you [that Ms. Belcher’s counsel] was in the conference room. We had a
8 ten-minute conference where this was discussed. [Ms. Belcher’s counsel]
9 was there, [Diana’s Estate’s counsel], myself, and [co-counsel], with Mr.
10 Burnett. And Mr. Burnett at that point in time talked about the reduction
11 of fees. It was not about a release of claims, Judge. And that’s gonna be
12 important for the appellate process. It was about a decision that Mr.
13 Burnett had made determining the fees at that point in time. So I guess
14 for the appellate process, it’d have to be on the record, Judge.

15 ....

16 [SHARON’S CO-COUNSEL:] It wasn’t because of a release of claims,
17 Your Honor. And I know this is just bitter-battering right now, but . . .
18 it’s important for the appellate process, Judge. It is not for the release of
19 claims. We had made that determination. He actually came with a check.
20 So we had worked out that amount.

21 {26} Second, statements made by Sharon’s counsel at both the December 19, 2012

22 hearing and the December 26, 2012 hearing show that Sharon agreed to the discounted

23 sum that was actually paid to Ms. Belcher: “There was an agreement . . . [w]e’re going

24 to release certain fees that were talked about in the conference room and we’re gonna

25 get those to Ms. Belcher and [Ms. Belcher’s counsel] today.” Sharon does not argue,

26 and the record does not indicate, that further sums were paid to Ms. Belcher that

27 Sharon did not agree with. She argued only that the claims against Ms. Belcher for

28 mismanagement of the Trust and breach of her fiduciary duties were not compromised

21
 1 and released at this stage of the December 26, 2012 hearing. No further testimony was

2 offered by Sharon and no further rulings were requested from the court regarding Ms.

3 Belcher’s fees.

4 {27} Therefore, we decline to review this argument regarding the reduced fees paid

5 to Ms. Belcher any further because it is was not preserved below and is being made

6 for the first time on appeal. See Cockrell, 1994-NMSC-026, ¶ 6 (“[T]o preserve trial

7 error for appeal it is necessary to call the error to the attention of the trial court.”);

8 Crutchfield, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 14 (“To preserve error for [appellate] review, a party

9 must fairly invoke a ruling of the district court on the same grounds argued in this

10 Court. Such preservation allows the district court an opportunity to correct error,

11 thereby avoiding the need for appeal, at the same time creating a record from which

12 the appellate court can make an informed decision. Thus, on appeal, the party must

13 specifically point out where, in the record, the party invoked the court’s ruling on the

14 issue. Absent that citation to the record or any obvious preservation, we will not

15 consider the issue.” (citations omitted)).

16 {28} To the extent that Sharon also argues that the district court erred when it refused

17 to hear testimony about “any other matters” at the December 26, 2012 hearing, the

18 record does not support this argument. Sharon’s counsel declined to present testimony

19 about other matters or make any offer of proof on the record after the district court

22
 1 cautioned Sharon that sanctions could result from continuing to pursue non-

2 meritorious claims.

3 [COURT:] Alright, let me do this. I’m closing everything down but that.
4 Now you need to hear this. If I determine that what you’re suggesting is
5 baseless as they suggest, I will move some big attorney fees over. So you
6 better be sure that they’ve got meat.

7 [SHARON’S CO-COUNSEL:] Well then I’d ask for five minutes to
8 speak to my client.

9 [COURT:] I wish you would.

10 [Brief recess]

11 [SHARON’S CO-COUNSEL:] We are not going to take that opportunity
12 that you suggested. We will rest on the findings you’ve made at this
13 point and time and take it from there.

14 [COURT:] So the record’s clear, the only reason I made that statement
15 is based upon some of the past filings and stuff that I’ve seen in here,
16 they’re not meritorious. And if they’re meritorious, we would listen to
17 ‘em, but if they’re not, we would move the fees. That’s all I was trying
18 to say. So . . . we’re closed down.

19 ....

20 [COURT:] Now I understand that the conversation that we just had . . .
21 with regard to the presentation of some irregularities in the payment of
22 Ms. Belcher or . . . actions Ms. Belcher did or didn’t do, the court
23 cautioned you that I would look at that real strong to see if it was in good
24 faith and made sense to me and if not I might move some attorney’s fees
25 over, and you came back and said that you weren’t gonna contest it. Did
26 I misunderstand that?

27 [SHARON’S CO-COUNSEL:] No. . . what we’re saying to you, Judge,
28 is that you made the point, if you’re gonna put on evidence, you guys

23
 1 look out because if I find these are unfounded at that point in time then
2 we’re gonna have to move those attorneys fees over. I talked to my client
3 and he said that was a good idea and I said, look, I don’t think we
4 oughtta take this opportunity right now. I don’t think the judge is in a
5 position right now with these motions to find in our favor. And I think
6 at this point in time we oughtta let the judge make his own discretion like
7 [Ms. Belcher’s counsel] asked for, dismiss it, and then go on.

8 [COURT:] I hear what you’re trying to do, counsel. But whatever the
9 record has the record has. I don’t intend to put on any witnesses unless
10 you just bow up over it[.]

11 D. The Approval of Mr. Burnett’s Report

12 {29} During the December 19, 2012 and December 26, 2012 hearings, as well as in

13 the resultant January 2013 order, the district court approved Mr. Burnett’s plan for

14 distribution of the Trust assets. Under the heading labeled “Argument” in Sharon’s

15 brief in chief, she states that the district court also violated her procedural due process

16 rights when it approved Mr. Burnett’s distribution plan “without any hearing.”

17 (Emphasis omitted.) However, Sharon does not mention or develop this argument any

18 further. See Headley, 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15 (observing that we do not review unclear

19 or undeveloped arguments). Sharon does not explain how a failure to hold further

20 hearings on the approval of Mr. Burnett’s plan harmed her, or how the substance of

21 the distribution plan was improper or harmful to her. See Rule 1-061 (“No error or

22 defect in any ruling or order or in anything done or omitted by the court or by any of

23 the parties is ground for . . . vacating, modifying or otherwise disturbing a judgment

24
 1 or order, unless refusal to take such action appears to the court inconsistent with

2 substantial justice.”). It was clear from the parties’ agreement discussed on the record

3 at both hearings that Mr. Burnett’s plan for the distribution of Trust assets was

4 approved and accepted by both parties. Sharon did not ask to call any witnesses or

5 make any other offer of proof that would have alerted the district court to her

6 disapproval of Mr. Burnett’s distribution plan.

7 {30} We emphasize that the October 2012 order required Sharon to file any

8 objections to Mr. Burnett’s plan with the district court. The record establishes that

9 Sharon did not file any objections to Mr. Burnett’s distribution plan. At the December

10 26, 2012 hearing, when the district court verbally approved Mr. Burnett’s plan, Sharon

11 did not object and did not ask the district court to discuss the distribution plan any

12 further. After entry of the January 2013 order, Sharon did not file any objections to

13 the distribution plan or ask the district court to reconsider its ruling to approve the

14 distribution plan. Thus, Sharon’s argument that the district court failed to have an

15 additional hearing on Mr. Burnett’s distribution plan or otherwise improperly

16 approved the plan is without merit and was not preserved. See Rule 12-213(A)(4)

17 (requiring appellant to include in the brief in chief “a statement explaining how the

18 issue was preserved in the court below”); Crutchfield, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 14

25
 1 (“Absent . . . citation to the record or any obvious preservation, we will not consider

2 the issue.”).

3 E. Award of Attorney Fees

4 {31} The district court stated at the December 26, 2012 hearing and in the resultant

5 January 2013 order that it would award $2500 in attorney fees to Diana’s estate and

6 $1000 in attorney fees to Ms. Belcher for defending against Sharon’s non-meritorious

7 motions. The record does not establish how the district court determined the amount

8 of these awards. Sharon argues that the district court erred by not having a hearing

9 during which evidence would be presented to establish (1) the factual basis for the

10 attorney fee award and (2) whether the fees awarded were reasonable.

11 {32} Sharon does not cite to the record, and we do not find, where she objected to

12 this award of attorney fees or otherwise preserved this issue in the district court. See

13 Rule 12-213(A)(4) (requiring appellant to include in the brief in chief “a statement

14 explaining how the issue was preserved in the court below”). In its response to

15 Sharon’s motions, Diana’s estate requested that the district court award attorney fees

16 incurred in defending against Sharon’s motions because the motions were “baseless”

17 and “meritless.” Sharon filed no further pleadings regarding this request for attorney

18 fees. When the district court stated that it was awarding attorney fees at the December

19 26, 2012 hearing, Sharon’s counsel did not object to the award of attorney fees and

26
 1 did not ask the district court to make factual findings or take evidence as to

2 reasonableness of the awards. After the district court entered its January 2013 order

3 awarding attorney fees, Sharon did not submit any written objections or file a motion

4 to reconsider the award on any factual or legal basis. Thus, we do not review this issue

5 because Sharon did not preserve this argument in the district court and now raises it

6 for the first time on appeal. See Crutchfield, 2005-NMCA-022, ¶ 14 (“To preserve

7 error for [appellate] review, a party must fairly invoke a ruling of the district court .

8 . . . Such preservation allows the district court an opportunity to correct error, thereby

9 avoiding the need for appeal, at the same time creating a record from which the

10 appellate court can make an informed decision. On appeal, the party must specifically

11 point out where, in the record, the party invoked the court’s ruling on the issue.

12 Absent that citation to the record or any obvious preservation, we will not consider the

13 issue.” (citations omitted)); see also O’Neel v. USAA Ins. Co., 2002-NMCA-028, ¶ 22,

14 131 N.M. 630, 41 P.3d 356 (declining to review the district court’s decision regarding

15 attorney fees award “in the absence of a timely objection below”).

16 F. Arbitration Clause in the Trust

17 {33} On appeal, Sharon argues that the district court lacked subject matter

18 jurisdiction over this matter because the Trust contained a provision that “established

27
 1 binding arbitration as the sole method of resolving disputes between the parties.” We

2 disagree. Over three decades ago, our Supreme Court established that “a valid

3 arbitration defense does not divest the court of jurisdiction, and is not properly raised

4 by a Rule 12(b)(1) motion, [to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.]” Dean

5 Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. Roven, 1980-NMSC-029, ¶ 11, 94 N.M. 273, 609 P.2d 720;

6 see also Daniels Ins. Agency Inc. v. Jordan, 1982-NMSC-148, ¶ 5, 99 N.M. 297, 657

7 P.2d 624 (stating the same). When the right to arbitration is not timely asserted, such

8 failure is considered a waiver of the parties’ right to arbitrate. See United Nuclear

9 Corp. v. Gen. Atomic Co., 1979-NMSC-036, ¶¶ 32-79, 93 N.M. 105, 597 P.2d 290

10 (analyzing the numerous circumstances where a party will be recognized to have

11 waived the right to arbitration by failing to timely invoke its right to arbitration);

12 AFSCME v. City of Albuquerque, 2013-NMCA-049, ¶ 23, 299 P.3d 441 (recognizing

13 that a party “who claims a right to arbitration must take some action to enforce that

14 right . . . within a reasonable time after the suit is filed” (omission in original) (internal

15 quotation marks and citation omitted)). For these reasons, and because Sharon raises

16 her arbitration defense for the first time in her reply brief, we do not address the issue

17 further. See Mitchell-Carr v. McLendon, 1999-NMSC-025, ¶ 29, 127 N.M. 282, 980

18 P.2d 65 (stating that appellate courts do not address arguments raised for the first time

28
 1 in a reply brief, unless such arguments are directed to new arguments or authorities

2 presented in the answer brief).

3 G. Improper Dismissal of Sharon’s Claims Against Ms. Belcher

4 {34} Finally, Sharon includes an argument heading in her reply brief stating that “the

5 [district] court improperly dismissed the claims of the trustee’s self-dealing[.]” In the

6 body of this argument, Sharon reiterates the arguments in her brief in chief that the

7 district court improperly approved the discounted fees Mr. Burnett determined to pay

8 to Ms. Belcher and improperly refused to hear testimony about the reasonableness of

9 those fees. We have fully addressed these arguments in previous sections of this

10 opinion. To the extent that Sharon’s reply brief argument raises a different issue, we

11 decline to review it because it is made for the first time in the reply brief and because

12 it is also too vague and undeveloped. See id.; Headley, 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15

13 (observing that we do not review unclear or undeveloped arguments).

14 CONCLUSION

15 {35} For the reasons stated, we affirm the district court’s orders concerning the Trust

16 in both the 2005 and 2012 cases that were consolidated herein. We remand these

17 matters back to the district court to carry out its prior rulings and to conduct any

18 further proceedings that may be necessary regarding the final resolution of the Trust.

19 {36} IT IS SO ORDERED.

29
1 __________________________________
2 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge

3 WE CONCUR:

4 _________________________________
5 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge

6 _________________________________
7 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge

30