In the Termination of the Parent-Child Relationship of: T.H. (Minor Child), and B.H. (Father) and D.A. (Mother) v. Indiana Department of Child Services (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 17 2018, 9:19 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT B.H. ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Harold E. Amstutz Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Lafayette, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT D.A. Abigail R. Recker
Deputy Attorney General
Cynthia Phillips Smith Indianapolis, Indiana
Law Office of Cynthia P. Smith
Lafayette, Indiana

IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Termination of the Parent- July 17, 2018
Child Relationship of: T.H. Court of Appeals Case No.
(Minor Child), 18A-JT-423
Appeal from the Tippecanoe
and Superior Court
The Honorable Faith A. Graham,
B.H. (Father) and D.A. Judge
(Mother), Trial Court Cause No.
Appellants-Respondents, 79D03-1707-JT-70

v.

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 Indiana Department of Child
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner.

Bradford, Judge.

Case Summary
[1] B.H. (“Father”) and D.A. (“Mother”) (collectively, “Parents”) appeal the

juvenile court’s order terminating their parental rights to T.H. (“the Child”).

On October 25, 2016, the Indiana Department of Child Services (“DCS”)

became involved in the Child’s life after Mother was arrested on drug-related

charges. The Child was subsequently determined to be a child in need of

services (“CHINS”) and Parents were ordered to complete certain services.

They failed to successfully do so.

[2] DCS filed petitions seeking the termination of Parents’ parental rights to the

Child on July 27, 2017. Following an evidentiary hearing, the juvenile court

issued an order granting DCS’s petitions. On appeal, Parents contend that

DCS did not provide sufficient evidence to support the termination of their

parental rights. We affirm.

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 Facts and Procedural History
[3] The Child was born on March 14, 2016. He was removed from Mother’s home

on October 25, 2016, after she was arrested on drug-related charges and was

placed with a relative. Two days later, on October 27, 2016, DCS filed a

petition alleging that the Child was a CHINS. At this time, Father’s identity

was unknown. The petition alleged that (1) Mother was arrested after

marijuana and heroin were recovered from her home; (2) when authorities

arrived at the home, the Child “was strapped into his stroller which was sitting

close to a table containing a pile of marijuana and a half-smoked blunt”; and (3)

there were no other adult caregivers available at the time of Mother’s arrest.

Ex. Vol. I, p. 13. The CHINS petition was amended on November 2, 2016, to

include Father. Following an evidentiary hearing, the juvenile court found the

Child to be a CHINS and noted that Father was not available to care for the

Child due to his incarceration.

[4] The juvenile court conducted a dispositional hearing after which Mother was

ordered to (1) complete a substance-abuse and mental-health assessment and

follow all recommendations, (2) participate in home-based services, (3) remain

drug-and-alcohol-free for the duration of the case, (4) participate in parenting

time, and (5) participate in random drug screening. Father was ordered to (1)

complete an updated substance-abuse assessment and follow all

recommendations, (2) participate in home-based services, (3) submit to random

drug screening, (4) remain drug-and-alcohol-free, and (5) participate in

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 parenting time. Neither Mother nor Father successfully complete the ordered

services.

[5] On July 27, 2017, DCS filed petitions seeking the termination of Parents’

parental rights to the Child. The juvenile court conducted an evidentiary

hearing on DCS’s petitions on October 18, 2017. During the evidentiary

hearing, DCS presented evidence indicating that (1) Mother displayed a pattern

of combative and threatening behavior; (2) Mother lacks the ability to make

healthy choices for both herself and the Child; (3) although Mother had made

some progress, concerns remain about whether this progress would last as she

has not displayed the motivation or commitment to making lasting positive

changes; (4) Mother tested positive for drugs on at least fifteen separate

occasions; (5) Father largely failed to participate in service and has tested

positive for drugs; (6) termination of the Parents’ parental rights was in the

Child’s best interests; and (7) its plan was for the Child to be adopted. For their

part, Parents argued that they loved the Child and had begun to take the steps

necessary to improve their situations with the hopes of one day being in the

position to provide adequate care for the Child. On January 23, 2018, the

juvenile court issued an order terminating Parents’ parental rights to the Child.

Discussion and Decision
[6] The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the

traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their child. Bester v.

Lake Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 145 (Ind. 2005).

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 Although parental rights are of a constitutional dimension, the law allows for

the termination of those rights when parents are unable or unwilling to meet

their parental responsibilities. In re T.F., 743 N.E.2d 766, 773 (Ind. Ct. App.

2001), trans. denied. Parental rights, therefore, are not absolute and must be

subordinated to the best interests of the child. Id. Termination of parental

rights is proper where the child’s emotional and physical development is

threatened. Id. The juvenile court need not wait until the child is irreversibly

harmed such that his physical, mental, and social development is permanently

impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. Id.

[7] Parents contend that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the termination of

their parental rights to the Child. In reviewing termination proceedings on

appeal, this court will not reweigh the evidence or assess the credibility of the

witnesses. In re Involuntary Termination of Parental Rights of S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d

874, 879 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). We only consider the evidence that supports the

juvenile court’s decision and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom. Id.

Where, as here, the juvenile court includes findings of fact and conclusions

thereon in its order terminating parental rights, our standard of review is two-

tiered. Id. First, we must determine whether the evidence supports the

findings, and, second, whether the findings support the legal conclusions. Id.

[8] In deference to the juvenile court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we

set aside the juvenile court’s findings and judgment terminating a parent-child

relationship only if they are clearly erroneous. Id. A finding of fact is clearly

erroneous when there are no facts or inferences drawn therefrom to support it.

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 Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous only if the legal conclusions made by the

juvenile court are not supported by its findings of fact, or the conclusions do not

support the judgment. Id.

[9] Parents claim that DCS failed to present sufficient evidence to prove by clear

and convincing evidence that:

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the
conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or the
reasons for placement outside the home of the
parents will not be remedied[; or]
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the
continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a
threat to the well-being of the child.…
(C) termination is in the best interests of the child[.]

[10] Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2).1 Because Parents have filed separate appellate

briefs and have addressed their claims separately, we will do the same.

I. Mother
A. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)
[11] It is well-settled that because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written

in the disjunctive, the juvenile court need only find either that (1) the conditions

resulting in removal from or continued placement outside the parents’ home

1
Neither Mother nor Father dispute that DCS presented sufficient evidence to support the first and fourth
elements set forth in Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2).

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 will not be remedied, (2) the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses

a threat to the child, or (3) the child has been adjudicated CHINS on two

separate occasions. See In re C.C., 788 N.E.2d 847, 854 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003),

trans. denied. Therefore, where the juvenile court determines that one of the

above-mentioned factors has been proven and there is sufficient evidence in the

record supporting the juvenile court’s determination, it is not necessary for DCS

to prove, or for the juvenile court to find, either of the other two factors listed in

Indiana Code section 31-34-2-4(b)(2)(B). See In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d at 882.

[12] In this case, the juvenile court concluded as follows:

There is a reasonable probability the conditions that resulted in
removal of the child from the home or the reasons for continued
placement outside the home will not be remedied. Neither
parent has demonstrated an ability or willingness to make lasting
changes from past behaviors. There is no reasonable probability
that either parent will be able to maintain stability to care and
provide adequately for the child.

Mother’s App. Vol. II, p. 10. In reaching this conclusion, the juvenile court

found that Mother failed to refrain from using drugs, testing positive for drugs

on fifteen occasions and failing to submit to other drug screens as requested.

The juvenile court also found that Mother (1) has displayed a pattern of and

continued to engage in delinquent and criminal behavior; (2) demonstrated

hostile and threatening behavior toward service provides, even in the Child’s

presence; and (3) refused to fully engage in services. Mother does not challenge

the accuracy of any of the juvenile court’s findings, but rather points to evidence

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 that she claims demonstrates that she had begun to take the steps necessary to

improve her situation.

[13] The juvenile court acknowledged Mother’s recent progress, but found that

Mother had “since made reckless decisions demonstrating an inability to

sustain such progress long-term.” Mother’s App. Vol. II, p. 9. In this vein,

Laura Houze, a therapist who worked with Mother, expressed concerns about

whether Mother could sustain her recent progress because Mother had not

displayed “a motivation or commitment to making positive changes” or taken

ownership of the actions that led to the Child’s removal from her care. Tr. Vol.

II, p. 67. In addition, Mother continued to engage in angry outbursts aimed at

those attempting to help her, including her attorney, up until the start of the

evidentiary hearing. Mother has failed to prove that she can maintain stable

employment or housing. She has also indicated that she sees nothing wrong

with the use of marijuana. Mother’s pattern of unwillingness to address the

highlighted issues and cooperate with those providing services, in conjunction

with her failure to exhibit an ability to make lasting progress, is sufficient to

support the juvenile court’s finding that the conditions which led to the Child’s

removal from her care are not likely to change. See Lang v. Stark Cty. Office of

Family & Children, 861 N.E.2d 366, 372 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (providing that “A

pattern of unwillingness to deal with parenting problems and to cooperate with

those providing social services, in conjunction with unchanged conditions,

support a finding that there exists no reasonable probability that the conditions

will change”). Mother’s claim to the contrary merely amounts to an invitation

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 for this court to reweigh the evidence, which we will not do. See In re S.P.H.,

806 N.E.2d at 879.

B. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(B)(2)(C)
[14] We are mindful that in considering whether termination of parental rights is in

the best interests of a child, the juvenile court is required to look beyond the

factors identified by DCS and look to the totality of the evidence. McBride, 798

N.E.2d at 203. In doing so, the juvenile court must subordinate the interests of

the parent to those of the child involved. Id. Furthermore, this court has

previously determined that the testimony of the case worker, guardian ad litem

(“GAL”), or a court appointed special advocate (“CASA”) regarding the child’s

need for permanency supports a finding that termination is in the child’s best

interests. Id.; see also Matter of M.B., 666 N.E.2d 73, 79 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996),

trans. denied.

[15] DCS family case manager (“FCM”) Christopher LaMar testified that

termination of Parents’ parental rights was in the best interests of the Child.

FCM LaMar based his opinion on Mother’s “non-compliance throughout most

of the case, um, and [Father’s] lack of engagement with services.” Tr. Vol. II,

p. 156. He noted that he was not convinced that Mother understood how to

meet the Child’s needs and that he did not believe that the Child “could safely

be returned to the primary care, custody, and control of either parent.” Tr. Vol.

II, p. 156. Likewise, Suzanne Magnante, the CASA assigned to the Child’s

case, testified that she believed that termination of Parents’ parental rights was

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 in the Child’s best interests. This testimony is sufficient to sustain the juvenile

court’s finding to that effect.

II. Father
A. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)
[16] Father claims that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the juvenile court’s

determination that the conditions resulting in the Child’s removal from the

home would not be remedied. In making this claim, Father presents no

argument relating to himself. Instead, he relies solely on evidence relating to

Mother. We concluded above that, with respect to Mother, the evidence

demonstrated that it was not likely that the conditions resulting in the Child’s

removal would be remedied. Because Father relies only on these same facts, we

reach the same conclusion, i.e., that the evidence is sufficient to sustain the

juvenile court’s finding that the condition will not be remedied. 2

B. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(B)(2)(C)
[17] Father also claims that the evidence is insufficient to sustain the juvenile court’s

determination that termination of his parental rights was in the Child’s best

interests. In making this claim, Father argues that he was the “forgotten

parent” and suggests that the juvenile court’s determination was based solely on

2
Again, because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the disjunctive, we need not consider
whether the evidence is sufficient to sustain the juvenile court’s finding regarding whether the continued
relationship poses a threat to the Child’s well-being. See In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d at 882.

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 testimony relating to Mother. Father’s Br. p. 14. Contrary to Father’s

suggestion, however, both FCM LaMar and the Child’s CASA testified that

termination of the Parents’ parental rights was in the Child’s best interests.

Their opinions were given in relation to both Mother and Father and were not

limited to one parent. As we concluded above, their testimony was sufficient to

prove that the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the Child’s best

interests.

Conclusion
[18] In sum, we conclude that neither Mother nor Father have established that the

evidence presented by DCS was insufficient to sustain the juvenile court’s order

terminating their parental rights to the Child. Accordingly, we affirm.

[19] The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

Baker, J., and Kirsch, J., concur.

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