NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
______________
No. 20-2200
______________
JUAN SEGUNDO PANDO AUCAY,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
______________
On Petition for Review of an
Administrative Order of Removal
of the Department of Homeland Security
(A098-495-529)
Immigration Judge: Mary Lee
______________
Submitted Under Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
October 22, 2020
______________
Before: CHAGARES, GREENAWAY, JR., and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.
(Opinion Filed: January 7, 2021)
______________
OPINION*
______________
*
This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7
does not constitute binding precedent.
GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.
Juan Segundo Pando Aucay petitions for review of a decision of an Immigration
Judge (“IJ”) concluding that he was not entitled to relief from reinstatement of a prior
order of removal. The IJ concurred in the asylum officer’s conclusion that Pando Aucay
had neither a reasonable fear of torture, as required for relief under the Convention
Against Torture (“CAT”), nor a reasonable fear of persecution based on his race, religion,
nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, as required for
withholding of removal. Finding that the IJ provided no explanation for her decision,
thus giving us nothing to review, we will grant the petition for review and remand for
further proceedings.
I. Background
Pando Aucay, a native and citizen of Ecuador, was ordered removed from the
United States on August 29, 2007. That order was executed on December 3, 2012, when
Pando Aucay was removed to Ecuador. Less than a month later, he illegally re-entered
the United States on January 2, 2013.
After returning to the United States, Pando Aucay lived in New Jersey until
December 25, 2018, when he was arrested for a domestic violence offense. On
December 28, 2018, the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) notified Pando
Aucay of its intent to reinstate his prior removal order. In response, Pando Aucay
“express[ed] a fear of returning to the country of removal,” as required by 8 C.F.R.
§ 208.31(a). As a result, he was referred to an asylum officer for a reasonable fear
2
interview. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(b). The purpose of the reasonable fear interview is to
give the alien an opportunity to “establish[] a reasonable possibility that he or she would
be persecuted on account of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group or political opinion, or a reasonable possibility that he or she
would be tortured in the country of removal.” 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(c).
In his interview with the asylum officer, Pando Aucay was represented by counsel.
During the interview, Pando Aucay expressed concern about four claims: (1) fear of
reprisal from the coyote1 to whom he still owed money; (2) concern about a robbery that
took place shortly after his prior removal; (3) religious discrimination when he was a
child attempting to attend school; and (4) crime, in general in Ecuador. The asylum
officer concluded that none of these claims supported a reasonable possibility that Pando
Aucay would be persecuted or tortured upon return to Ecuador.
Pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(f), Pando Aucay sought review of this decision
before an IJ. On May 11, 2020, Pando Aucay, represented by counsel, appeared before
an IJ for a reasonable fear hearing.2 At the hearing, Pando Aucay testified and his
counsel provided a closing statement. During his testimony, Pando Aucay raised an
additional concern with returning to Ecuador – possible reprisal arising from his escape
1
A coyote is “a person who smuggles immigrants into the U.S.” Coyote,
Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary, https://unabridged.merriam-
webster.com/unabridged/coyote (last visited January 5, 2021).
2
Pando Aucay appeared by video from the Pike County Detention Center, while
his attorney appeared telephonically.
3
from a farm where he worked as a child laborer planting bananas and marijuana. After
hearing the testimony and closing statement, the IJ rendered her decision, stating, in total:
To the respondent, sir, I, I sympathize with the reasons why you do not
want to return to Ecuador. However, having reviewed the asylum officer’s
interview notes, as well as your testimony today, I cannot conclude that
there is a reasonable possibility that you would be persecuted in Ecuador on
account of a protected basis. And those protected basis [sic] are race,
religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, and political
opinion. Moreover, I cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility
of torture in Ecuador by government officials. There is no direct
administrative appeal of the Court’s decision today. But, you may be able
to file a petition for review with the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. The
Court affirms the Department of Homeland Security’s determination, and
will return your case back to them for execution of your removal order.
Despite my decision today, I wish you the very best, sir. Good luck.
Thank you.
A.R. 17.
The IJ also entered an order on May 11, 2020. The order was a form order. The
box indicating that “[t]he immigration court concurs in the DHS Reasonable Fear
Determination because:” was checked, but no reasons were provided on the form.
A.R. 1. Further, the box indicating that “[a]dditional reasoning is not continued on
a separate sheet” was also checked. A.R. 1.
II. Discussion
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). Romero v. Att’y
Gen., 972 F.3d 334, 340 (3d Cir. 2020). We review an IJ’s reasonable fear
determination for substantial evidence. Id. at 342.
In order to engage in that analysis, there must be “something for us to
4
review.” Abdulai v. Ashcroft, 239 F.3d 542, 555 (3d Cir. 2001) (emphasis in
original). See also Sathanthrasa v. Att’y Gen., 968 F.3d 285, 295 (3d Cir. 2020)
(“[W]e may affirm an agency’s decision only on ‘the grounds invoked by the
agency’ and the concomitant rule that those grounds ‘must be set forth with such
clarity as to be understandable.’” (quoting SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194,
196 (1947)); Awolesi v. Ashcroft, 341 F.3d 227, 229 (3d Cir. 2003) (“[W]e cannot
give meaningful review to a decision in which the BIA does not explain how it
came to its conclusion.”). The need for an articulate explanation is not restricted
to decisions of the BIA but also extends to decisions made by an IJ. Sathanthrasa,
968 F.3d at 298 (finding that statement in a “stray footnote” in the IJ’s decision
“leaves us with nothing of substance to review”).
Here, we are presented with, literally, a blank page to review. The order
includes no explanation for the IJ’s decision at all. Even the statements made by
the IJ at the reasonable fear hearing provide no insight. At the hearing, the IJ
simply stated that “I cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility that you
would be persecuted in Ecuador on account of a protected basis. . . . Moreover, I
cannot conclude that there is a reasonable possibility of torture in Ecuador by
government officials.” A.R. 17. These sentences do not explain the reasons for
the IJ’s decision, nor do they allow us to engage in any meaningful review of that
decision.
III. Conclusion
5
In light of the lack of any explanation for the IJ’s negative reasonable fear
determination, we will grant the petition for review, vacate the order of removal
and remand for further proceedings.
6