delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an action of debt brought upon a writing obligatory for one thousand dollars. To this action the defendant below filed several special pleas in bar. To all of which the plaintiff demurred, and the court below sustained the demurrer; the defendant rested, and judgment was given for the plaintiff below.
The first plea sets up, “that the said writing obligatory was executed and delivered in consideration that said Thomas H. should obtain, and upon the supposition that he did then and there obtain a valid title to, and become the absolute owner of a certain negro slave named Manuel; and the said defendant avers that said Thomas H. did not, nor did any person claiming by, through or under him, obtain or acquire a valid title to, or become the absolute owner of said negro, and so said defendant says, that the consideration of and upon which said writing obligatory was given has failed; and this he is ready to verify, &c.
Whether the “said Thomas H. received a valid title and become the absolute owner of said slave Manual,” is a question of law depending upon the facts of the case. These facts ought to have been set out in the plea. It should have shown how the title to said slave Emanuel was invalid, and the facts which precluded the said. Thomas H. from becoming the “absolute owner.” Pleas alleging an “invalid” or defective title, and that therefore the consideration failed, must set forth the particular facts showing how the title is invalid, and wherein it is defective. Dickson vs. Burk, 1 Eng. 414. The plea is evidently defective and the demurrer was properly sustained thereto by the court below.
The second plea is the same as-the first with the additional allegation: “That said Edwards on the day of the date of said writing obligatory obtained possession of said negro and held him until the day of March, 1851, when said negro killed said Edwards, and was afterwards, to wit: on the day of May, 1851, for that offence, pursuant to the sentence of this court, capitally punished and executed. And said defendant avers that said Edwards never did acquire a valid title to or become the absolute owner of said negro, and that said Edwards, in his lifetime, to to wit: on the 20th day of Nov. 1850, paid to the plaintiff the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars upon said writing obligatory, which sum was much more than sufficient to satisfy and pay for the hire and services of said negro after said Edwards so obtained possession of him and for all benefit he derived from said purchase.”
The matters and things contained in this allegation, instead of going to show that Edwards had no valid title, admit and show that he did have a valid title to said negro. In October, 1850, when said writing obligatory was executed and delivered in consideration of said negro Manual, the said negro was delivered to said Edwards, the vendee, at the same time, ánd all the right and title of Gray and wife, the vendors, to said negro Manuel, then vested in said Edwards; and the plea does not pretend to allege that any other person, at that time, had any right or title to said negro. The said negro having subsequently killed the vendee, and by the State convicted of murder therefor, and sentenced to death and executed, affords no defence to this action. It does not divest the vendee of title, or render the title invalid, or affect it any Way. The vendee took the negro subject to all subsequent casualties. The plea is bad and the court below correctly sustained the demurrer thereto.
The third and last plea is in substance the same as the first, with the exception that it alleges, “that the plaintiffs falsely and fraudulently represented to said Edwards, that he” (Edwards) “had acquired a valid title thereto, and become the absolute owner of said slave Manuel,” &c., without stating what the false and fraudulent representations were, and why he did not acquire a valid title and become the absolute owner. It is therefore for the same reasons fatally defective, and the demurrer was properly sustained thereto.
The allegations in these pleas, “that Edwards did not obtain a valid title to, or become the' absolute owner of said slave Manual,” in the absence of all facts upon which such deductions may be predicated, is pleading a deduction of law, which is in contravention to the rules of pleading. 1 Ch. Pl. 244, 245.
Let the case be affirmed.
Wations, C. J., not sitting.