delivered the opinion of the court.
The principal question to be considered is, whether a motion and grounds for a new trial are necessary in a common law action where the law and facts-are submitted to the court without a jury.
We are of opinion that such motion and grounds for new-trial are necessary in order to a review by this court of any alleged error committed by the court below during the progress of the trial. In the absence of a motion and grounds for a new trial, nothing is brought to this court for review on appeal except the inquiry as to whether the pleadings state any cause of action or any defense, and whether the evidence heard and properly presented by bill authorize the judgment. Every other error is waived by the failure to *177call the attention of the court below to it by motion and specific grounds assigned. This requirement seems to us as-important where there is no jury as where there is a jury, for' ordinarily questions of law are for the court, and questions-of fact for the jury, and a failure to call for a jury operates, simply to make the court the judge of the facts as well as of the law, but does not, in any way, alter the practice as to 'the manner in which any alleged error of the law committed' by the court may be taken advantage of. (Harper v. Harper, 10 Bush, 454.) And in either case the attention of the court should be specifically called to the error complained of, in order to afford an'opportunity for correction, as is required by assignments of errors in this court. The case of Union Insurance Co. v. Groom, 4 Bush, decides nothing more than that when the law and facts are submitted to the court below, this court may, without motion and grounds for new trial, pass upon the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the judgment. The reasoning of the court in that case bears as authority only on the question presented by the record for adjudication.
As the grounds for a new trial in this case, when the law and the facts were submitted to the court, are too general to authorize an inquiry into the assignment of errors, and as the pleadings present a cause of action and a defense, we will consider only whether the facts justify the judgment. Waiving the consideration of 'any other question in the cas'e, it is clear that an issue was found upon the inquiry as to whether there was a ratification by appellant of the alteration in the note sued on. Upon this issue the evidence is conflicting, and it may be conceded that the weight of the evidence is adverse to the conclusion that. *178there was a ratification; but as it is not so obviously and flagrantly opposed to the conclusion reached by the court below as to strike the mind, at first blush, as radically wrong, we cannot disturb the judgment.
Judgment affirmed.
Petition for rehearing overruled.