The opinion of the court was delivered by
Johnston, J.:*565' restricted to the record. *564This action was brought by R. S. Andrews against the Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad Company, in September, 1878. It has been here twice before, and in the reported decisions may be found a full statement of the nature of the action, and of the pleadings therein. (C. B. U. P. Rld. Co. v. Andrews, 26 Kas. 702; C. B. U. P. Rld. Co. v. Andrews, 30 id. 590.) It appears that after the case was brought here the last time, and during its pendency in this court, R. S. Andrews died. Since that time, L. A. Andrews and B. F. Hudson have assumed to represent the interest of the deceased, and have further prosecuted the action as administrators of the estate of R. S. Andrews; and at the June term, 1884, of the district court of Atchison county, they recovered a judgment against the railroad company for $1,500 and interest thereon from August 1, 1877. The present proceeding in error is brought by the railroad company to reverse that judgment. Many errors are assigned, but not all of them *565need be considered. At the last trial of the case in the district court the railroad company questioned the right and authority of the plaintiffs below to maintain the action, and objected to the introduction of any testimony, on the alleged ground that the petition failed to state a cause of action in favor of the plaintiffs and against the railroad company. The railroad company insists that since the death of plaintiff below there has been no revivor of the action or judgment, and that the administrators of the estate of the deceased, who are the defendants in error, had and have no authority to appear and prosecute the action. On the other side it is claimed that an order of revivor was entered in this court during the pend-ency of the former proceeding in error, upon the stipulation of the parties to the present proceeding. But neither the order nor the stipulation has been brought into the record of the present proceeding, and they may be found, if at all, in the record of another proceeding in error, brought to reverse a former judgment rendered in this action. But each proceeding in error is distinct and independent of the other, and the errors assigned in each proceeding are to be determined upon its own record. In determining x ^ ° errors assigned in this proceeding we must look alone to the matters and things revealed by the present record, and cannot examine or be governed by anything on the files of this court in a former proceeding in error, although it was brought to review a former judgment rendered in this case.
*566 2. Proceedings in district court, not suspended by error to supreme court.
*567s No stay of povroofaistnct comt. *565There was, however, an order of revivor entered in the district court, which we regard to be valid and sufficient. It was made upon due notice to the railroad company after the death of R. S. Andrews, and while the case was pending before this court the second time for review. It is contended on the part of the railroad company that at the time the order was made neither the district court nor the judge thereof had jurisdiction or authority to make the same, for the reason that the case had been taken on error to the supreme court, and was pending there when the order reviving the judgment was made. Does *566the institution of a proceeding in error to reverse a judgment or final order necessarily operate to suspend the judgment and to stay all proceedings in the court below? We think not. At common law, the party against whom a judgment was rendered in a civil case was entitled to a writ of error as a matter of right, which, when issued, operated to stay execution, and no bail or security for the prosecution of the writ, or for the payment of the debt and costs, in case the judgment should be affirmed, was required or necessary to stay the execution. (Bouvier’s Institutes, 545; Powell on Appellate Procedure, 275.) In most of the states this rule has been changed by statutory enactments, and these statutes determine the effect of an appeal or proceeding in error. In some states it is provided that the giving of an undertaking will operate to stay the judgment aud suspend all proceedings in the court below. The statute in this state does not go to that extent, but it is provided that, no proceeding to reverse, vacate or modify a judgment or final order shall operate to stay execution, unless upon the execution of a written undertaking on the part of the plaintiff in error to the adverse party. There are but two exceptions to this provision, and in these cases the judgment may be suspended without the giving of an undertaking. One of these is where the judgment directs the assignment or delivery of certain .documents, and the giving of an undertaking may be obviated by placing the documents in the custody of the clerk of the court in which the judgment was rendered to abide the judgment of the appellate court. The other exception is where the judgment directs the execution of a conveyance or other instrument. In such a case the execution of the judgment may be stayed without giving an undertaking, by executing the conveyance or other instrument and depositing the same with the clerk of the court in which the judgment was rendered, to abide the judgment of the reviewing court. (Code, §§551, 552.) In none of the provisions of the code, however, is the undertaking made to stay any of the proceedings beyond the issuance *567of an execution to enforce the judgment or final order of the court below. And § 1 of ch. 21, Gen. Stat., by implication at least, denies the proposition that the institution of a proceeding in error in this court will operate to stay all proceedings in the district court. It is there provided that the supreme court, during the pendency of a proceeding in error therein, “on such terms as may be just, may make an order suspending further proceedings in the court below until the decision of the supreme court.” (Comp. Laws 1879, ch. 27, §1.) In this case it does not appear that there was an undertaking given to stay the execution of the judgment, nor does it appear that any order was made in this court to stay proceedings in the court below. In the absence of an undertaking, and of an order to stay proceedings, the district court had authority not only to revive the judgment, but to take any steps necessary in the execution of the same.
„ 4. Revivor; tóuonfprac-" tloe' The other objection urged by the plaintiff in error is more serious, and we think it must be held to be fatal to the judgment. The petition originally filed by R. S. Andrews has never been changed or amended since his death. It contains no allegations showing any interest in L. A. Andrews and B. E. Hudson, the parties who were substituted as plaintiffs, and from the petition it does not appear that they had any right to sue, or any connection whatever with the subject-matter of the action. They claim to have been appointed administrators of the estate of the deceased, and to have prosecuted the action as such; but whether they sued in an individual or a representative capacity, cannot be learned from the petition. If s: j j ^ x they sued as administrators, it is necessary that the petition should allege that they are entitled to sue in that capacity; but failing in this, they show no right to maintain the action. The case of the City of Atchison v. Twine, 9 Kas. 350, is directly in point here. There a widow brought an action to recover damages for the killing of her husband. After the issues were made up, the administrator of the estate of her deceased husband was substituted as plain*568tiff in her stead. The petition was not amended, and it contained no averment showing the appointment of an administrator, and that he had any connection with the suit in the pleadings. Objection was made to the introduction of evidence, as was done here, and the court held that the objection should have been sustained; that the question whether Twine was administrator, or not, was an issuable fact which should have been alleged in the petition; and further added: “But there is a fact that the change of parties by substituting one who could only succeed by reason of his being administrator, a fact which the defendant had the right to controvert, is not alleged in the petition, and this must, we think, be held to be a fatal error.” The authorities generally accord with the position taken and the views expressed in the foregoing case. In his work on Practice, Mr. Wait states that—
“Under the code it is not necessary or proper for the plaintiff who sues as executor or administrator to make profert of letters testamentary or of administration, as was requisite under the former practice. But it is necessary that the plaintiff should allege, in a direct and issuable form, that he is an executor or administrator. This should be done by alleging that the plaintiff is executor or administrator by virtue of certain letters testamentary or of administration, regularly issued by a surrogate of some county of this state, at the same time giving the name of the surrogate, or of his county, and the time and place at which letters were granted.” (2 Wait’s Practice, 374.)
In Judah v. Fredricks, 57 Cal. 389, the plaintiff brought an action to recover a certain tract of land belonging to the estate of a deceased person, and the court, in passing upon the pleading, said: •
“We have already shown that the plaintiff was obliged to sue in her representative capacity; and to make out her right to bring the action, or to entitle her to recover in the action, she was required to allege in her complaint that she was the personal representative of the estate of John Ferguson, deceased. There was no sufficient averment of that fact in the complaint, and no right of action was shown in the plaintiff.” (See also Barfield v. Price, 40 Cal. 535.)
*569The same question was presented and determined in the case of Beach v. King, 19 Wend. 197, where Mr. Justice Bronson, speaking for the court, said:
“The defendant cannot be administrator unless letters of administration of the goods, chattels and credits of the intestate have been granted to him by one of the surrogates of this state. The proper mode of pleading the fact is by a direct allegation that such letters were granted. The defendant has not pursued that course, but pleads that he was duly appointed administrator; this allegation consists partly of matter of fact and partly of matter of law, and it is not capable of trial. That the defendant was appointed administrator by somebody or in some form, is a question of fact; but whether he was duly appointed or not, is a question of law. The defendant should have said how he was appointed, and then the court could determine its sufficiency upon demurrer; or if an issue to the contrary were joined upon the fact of having obtained letters, the question could be tried by the jury.”
In White v. Joy, 13 N.Y. 83, the plaintiff brought suit upon a promissory note as the receiver of a corporation, and in passing upon the right of the plaintiff to maintain the action, the court said:
“ In such a case, it will not answer merely to describe himself as receiver, or even under the former system to aver that he was duly appointed. He must set out the proceeding so that the court may see that the appointment was legal. In such a case, the appointment of the receiver is a part of the plaintiff’s title. It is like the granting of administration or of letters testamentary in a suit by executors or administrators. Unless the fact is stated, t-he plaintiff does not show any right to sue.” (See also Gillet v. Fairchild, 4 Denio, 80; Sheldon’s Adm’rs v. Hoy, 11 How. Pr. 14: Forrest v. Mayor &c. of New York, 13 Abb. Pr. 350.)
Under the rule established by these authorities no testimony was admissible under the petition, and the objection of the railroad company should have been sustained unless the petition was amended. In such a case, an amendment would be allowed upon application, as a matter of course. Atteution was called to the necessity of such amendment when the order of revivor was entered, and specially called to it at the open*570ing of the final trial by the objection of the defendant to the introduction of any testimony under the petition,'and again by the defendant’s demurrer to the evidence when the plaintiffs had concluded their testimony; but no application to amend, nor amendment, was made.
There are some other questions presented, but they may not arise again; besides, the law of the case has been quite fully declared in the former opinions that have been given in the case.
For the error mentioned, the judgment of the district coui’t will be reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial. '
All the Justices concurring.