COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Beales, Russell and Senior Judge Frank
UNPUBLISHED
PHILLIP M. TALLMAN
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 0080-17-3 PER CURIAM
AUGUST 1, 2017
BRISTOL DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF BRISTOL
Sage B. Johnson, Judge
(Richard S. Buddington, Jr.; Watson & Buddington, P.C., on brief),
for appellant. Appellant submitting on brief.
(Edward G. Stout; Nancyjean Bradford, Guardian ad litem for the
minor child; Bradford & Smith, PC, on brief), for appellee.
Appellee and Guardian ad litem submitting on brief.
Phillip M. Tallman (father) appeals an order terminating his parental rights to his child.
Father argues that the circuit court erred by finding that the Bristol Department of Social Services
(the Department) presented sufficient evidence to prove that father “had failed to ‘provide or
substantially plan for the future of the child [his daughter] for a period of six months after the child’s
placement in foster care’” as required by Code § 16.1-283(C)(1). Upon reviewing the record and
briefs of the parties, we conclude that the circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the
decision of the circuit court.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).
Father and Amber Whitley are the child’s biological parents. The child was born in
November 2014. When the child was less than three months old, Whitley overdosed on drugs and
was taken to a local hospital. The Department was called, and the child was placed in foster care on
February 4, 2015. The Department searched for relatives with whom the child could be placed and
found Reed and Anna Tallman. Reed is father’s brother. Reed and Anna Tallman qualified as
foster parents and, on November 6, 2015, the child was placed in their home, where she continues to
reside. At the time of the removal, father was not living with Whitley or the child. He had not seen
the child since Christmas 2014. Initially, father filed for custody in Tennessee, but the Tennessee
court denied his petition because Virginia had jurisdiction over the matter.
After the Department established paternity, it offered visitation between father and the child.
He regularly visited with the child from March 2015 until November 13, 2015, although he missed
visits for a month and a half while he was incarcerated. His mother frequently brought him to the
visitations. At first, he fell asleep and did not interact with the child very much. His mother
attempted to model appropriate parenting behavior for him and, as a result, his interactions with the
child slightly improved.
The Department requested a home study for father’s apartment in Tennessee, but it was not
completed. Brianne Gregg, a human services specialist with the Department, testified that father’s
home study was not completed for “a number of factors,” including ICPC’s1 “lengthy letter
outlining lots of concerns that [ICPC] had and [its] request that Virginia not submit any home study
1
ICPC refers to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children.
-2-
request again until all services were completed.” Gregg also testified that father was already
required to complete those services as a result of his parenting, psychological, and substance abuse
assessment.
From the outset, the Department was concerned about father’s propensity toward violence.
Gregg testified that father was “very agitated” during visits. He had screamed and yelled at the
social workers. Gregg further testified that father had a “very lengthy arrest record that includes lots
of assaults and lots of substance abuse issues.” The Department recommended several services for
father. He completed his parenting, psychological, and substance abuse assessment. Father also
completed the required Project Dads Program. Father did not complete the required Strengthening
Families Program (although he attended six out of seven classes), nor did he attend any of the
recommended anger management classes.
In November 2015, father and his mother (grandmother) were involved in an altercation that
turned violent when he injured grandmother on her head. She had to go to the hospital because her
head was bleeding significantly from the cut she received. Grandmother then obtained a protective
order against him. On November 19, 2015, the City of Bristol Juvenile and Domestic Relations
District Court (JDR court) also issued a child protective order, so father was prevented from having
any contact with the child. He also could not have any contact, direct or indirect, with Reed and
Anna Tallman, father’s brother and sister-in-law, with whom the child resided. However, the JDR
court judge told father that visitation could resume once he got help.
After November 13, 2015, father no longer visited with the child. He also stopped
communicating with the Department and the guardian ad litem. Because father failed to maintain
contact with the Department, provide suitable housing, and refrain from violent behavior, the
Department filed a petition to terminate father’s parental rights on April 8, 2016. The parties
-3-
appeared before the JDR court, and on July 13, 2016, the JDR court terminated father’s parental
rights.2 Father appealed to the circuit court.
On October 3, 2016, the parties presented their evidence and argument. On December 2,
2016, the circuit court issued a letter opinion. It held that it was in the child’s best interests to
terminate father’s parental rights and that the Department presented clear and convincing evidence
that father’s parental rights should be terminated pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1). On December
13, 2016, the circuit court entered an order reflecting its ruling. This appeal followed.
ANALYSIS
Father argues that the evidence was insufficient to prove that he “had failed to ‘provide or
substantially plan for the future of the child [his daughter] for a period of six months after the child’s
placement in foster care’” as required by Code § 16.1-283(C)(1).
“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16 (1986)
(citation omitted). When considering termination of parental rights, “the paramount
consideration of a trial court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d
at 463.
The circuit court terminated father’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1),
which states:
The residual parental rights of a parent or parents of a child placed
in foster care as a result of court commitment, an entrustment
agreement entered into by the parent or parents or other voluntary
relinquishment by the parent or parents may be terminated if the
court finds, based upon clear and convincing evidence, that it is in
the best interests of that child and that:
2
The JDR court also terminated Whitley’s parental rights. She appealed the ruling to the
circuit court, but subsequently withdrew her appeal.
-4-
The parent or parents have, without good cause, failed to maintain
continuing contact with and to provide or substantially plan for the
future of the child for a period of six months after the child’s
placement in foster care notwithstanding the reasonable and
appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other
rehabilitative agencies to communicate with the parent or parents
and to strengthen the parent-child relationship. Proof that the
parent or parents have failed without good cause to communicate
on a continuing and planned basis with the child for a period of six
months shall constitute prima facie evidence of this condition[.]
(Emphasis added).
Father argues that he took “significant steps” to be reunited with his child. He completed
the Project Dads program and six out of seven classes for the Strengthening Families Program. He
notes that he obtained a driver’s license and two vehicles. He testified that he was on disability due
to his “nerves,” but he was working with his doctor to decrease the amount of medication he was
taking.
Father further argues that the protective order was the “largest obstacle to [him] securing
custody or even visitation of his daughter throughout these proceedings.” Father contends that the
protective order provided him with “good cause” under Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) to explain why he
had not maintained contact with his child. The protective orders prevented him from having any
contact with grandmother, his brother and sister-in-law, and the child.
Contrary to father’s arguments, the Department proved, by clear and convincing evidence,
that father failed, without good cause, to maintain contact with the child. The existence of good
cause is determined “in light of the facts of each case, with the best interests of the child as the
guiding principle.” Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 662, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986)
(quoting Toombs v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va. 225, 230, 288 S.E.2d 405, 407-08
(1982)).3 The circuit court emphasized that father’s failure to maintain any contact with the child
3
In Barkey, this Court found that a parent’s mental illness did not constitute good cause
because the parent “refused to accept treatment for her mental illness before and after the child
-5-
was “directly attributable” to father. While the protective order prevented father from contacting
the child, under the facts of this case, the circuit court did not err in concluding that existence of the
protective order did not provide father with good cause. The protective orders were the direct result
of father’s violence toward his own mother, who had been assisting father in building a relationship
with the child. “[P]ast actions and relationships over a meaningful period serve as good indicators
of what the future may be expected to hold.” Frye v. Spotte, 4 Va. App. 530, 536, 359 S.E.2d 315,
319 (1987). In light of father’s history and the protective orders in existence because of father’s
previous violent outbursts, the circuit court’s determination that father failed, without good cause, to
communicate with his child was not plainly wrong.
Father also argues that he worked to prepare for his child’s future even though he could not
contact her. Father testified that he attempted to remain in contact with the Department and found
suitable housing. Father specifically testified that he called the Department “many, many, many
times” and “left a million messages,” but that Gregg never called him back. Gregg disagreed with
this statement and said that father did not call or leave any messages. The circuit court noted this
discrepancy between the witnesses and stated, “[E]ven if the Court were to believe his testimony,
which the Court does not, several phone attempts over the span of over one year does little to show
efforts by [father] to maintain contact much less ‘provide or substantially plan for the future of the
child,’” as required by Code § 16.1-283(C)(1).
Moreover, although father testified that he recently obtained a two-bedroom apartment and
furnished a bedroom for his child, no information relating to father’s new apartment in Virginia was
was placed in foster care, and that at the time of trial, had dropped out of the [treatment program]
to accept employment.” Barkey, 2 Va. App. at 670, 347 S.E.2d at 192.
In Toombs, the Supreme Court of Virginia upheld the termination of parental rights
where the Department initiated the proceedings that led to visitations being discontinued and was
justified in using that fact to support the ultimate termination of parental rights. Toombs, 223
Va. at 230-31, 288 S.E.2d at 407-08.
-6-
disclosed until trial in the circuit court because father chose to cease communicating with the
Department. Therefore, the circuit court did not err in finding that father had no substantial plan for
the child’s future and, thus, the evidence was sufficient to terminate father’s parental rights pursuant
to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.
Affirmed.
-7-