FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUL 08 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JAMES MILLER, No. 11-17679
Plaintiff-counter-defendant - D.C. No. 2:09-cv-00905-JCM-RJJ
Appellant,
v. MEMORANDUM*
AMERICAN FAMILY MUTUAL
INSURANCE COMPANY; et al.,
Defendants-counter-
claimants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Nevada
James C. Mahan, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 10, 2013
San Francisco, California
Before: RIPPLE,** FERNANDEZ, and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The Honorable Kenneth F. Ripple, Senior Circuit Judge for the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, sitting by designation.
James Miller appeals the district court’s judgment imposing sanctions in the
form of attorneys’ fees for bad faith litigation conduct, specifically, nondisclosure
to the court of a relevant bankruptcy action and subsequent discharge. We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we now affirm.
1.
Mr. Miller raises two arguments on appeal. However, in the district court,
he presented neither point in response to the defendants’ motion for sanctions. He
raised them in the district court only on a motion to reconsider the imposition of
sanctions. The district court declined to reconsider its decision because Mr. Miller
“had ready access to” the evidence that he had submitted with the motion to
reconsider “when opposing the motion for sanctions” in the first instance.1
We agree with the district court that Mr. Miller’s late arguments did not
require reconsideration. Not only did he fail to raise these arguments when the
motion for sanctions was ready for decision in the district court, but the arguments
that Mr. Miller originally had made in opposing sanctions conceded that he had
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Although the district court was unpersuaded that the evidence submitted
was material, given that the scheduled debt was unrelated to the present action, it
ultimately based its denial of reconsideration on the failure to present evidence that
was “new” as grounds to reconsider.
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failed to disclose the bankruptcy in this litigation and that he had failed to disclose
this litigation in the bankruptcy proceedings. He had argued simply that his
conduct in these nondisclosures did not amount to bad faith. Mr. Miller therefore
waived the arguments against sanctions he advanced on reconsideration and before
this court.
Mr. Miller now argues that there is no waiver because the defendants
committed a fraud on the court. He contends that the defendants misrepresented
their prior knowledge of the bankruptcy proceeding in their motion for sanctions.
Indeed, he alleges that the defendants themselves are guilty of bad faith conduct for
their pursuit of this action because, according to Mr. Miller, they have had actual
knowledge of the bankruptcy proceeding since July 2009. We cannot accept this
argument. Mr. Miller relies only on his own bankruptcy schedules from 2009 to
prove actual knowledge on the part of the defendants. The bankruptcy schedules
included as a potential creditor “American Family Insurance” in respect of a
repossessed trailer, but did not include either the defendants in the current action in
their proper names or any reference to the current lawsuit, whether as a debt or an
asset. Assuming for the moment that these schedules establish the defendants’
prior knowledge, they have been available to Mr. Miller throughout this litigation
and were certainly available to him at the time he responded to the motion for
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sanctions. In fact, the defendants submitted the very bankruptcy schedules at issue
as an exhibit to their motion for summary judgment and sanctions. Mr. Miller’s
contention that the defendants misstated the contents of those schedules, even if
true, does not explain his own failure to note timely the alleged misstatement and
to raise it as a defense to the award of sanctions in the first instance.
The district court, therefore, did not err in determining that Mr. Miller’s
arguments did not merit revision of the prior order on sanctions, given that they
were presented for the first time on a motion for reconsideration.
2.
Even if we were to disregard the waiver, Mr. Miller’s arguments would fail
on the merits. “A district court’s imposition of sanctions is reviewed for abuse of
discretion, and its findings of fact for clear error.” Lahiri v. Universal Music &
Video Distrib. Corp., 606 F.3d 1216, 1218 (9th Cir. 2010).
a.
Mr. Miller acknowledges that the district court has the inherent power to
impose sanctions for bad faith conduct by litigants. See generally Chambers v.
NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 46-51 (1991). He nevertheless contends that the
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district court erred in imposing sanctions in this case because, in his view, the
record does not support the requisite finding of bad faith. See Lahiri, 606 F.3d at
1219; B.K.B. v. Maui Police Dep’t, 276 F.3d 1091, 1108 (9th Cir. 2002).
Mr. Miller contends that the defendants had actual notice of the bankruptcy, and,
therefore, it is the defendants who have acted in bad faith.
Mr. Miller’s notice argument misunderstands the district court’s order. He
was not sanctioned for failing to disclose this action in the bankruptcy proceeding;
he was sanctioned for failing to take appropriate actions in this litigation, given his
bankruptcy. Whether notice was technically sufficient for purposes of the
bankruptcy is an issue we need not decide. We need only decide whether the
district court’s imposition of sanctions in this litigation was an abuse of discretion.
We conclude that it was not.
Bad faith or its equivalent may be demonstrated by “a variety of types of
willful actions,” B.K.B., 276 F.3d at 1108 (internal quotation marks omitted),
including not only acts to delay litigation, Primus Auto. Fin. Servs., Inc. v. Batarse,
115 F.3d 644, 649 (9th Cir. 1997), but also filing a frivolous action or “abus[ing]
judicial processes” in the conduct of an action, Roadway Express, Inc. v. Piper,
447 U.S. 752, 766-67 (1980). In nearly two years of litigation, Mr. Miller pursued
claims that were properly the property of the bankruptcy estate as if they were his
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own claims, and he never asserted the discharge as a defense to the defendants’
counterclaims. The district court made an explicit finding that Mr. Miller’s
conduct was more than negligent, calling it neither “misleading or ambiguous,” but
instead “deceptive.” This finding is sufficient to demonstrate the bad faith
necessary for the imposition of sanctions.
b.
Mr. Miller’s final contention, that the sanctions should be considered a
pre-petition debt discharged by the bankruptcy proceeding, is equally
unconvincing. The case he cites in support, In re Gullone, 301 B.R. 683 (Bankr.
D.N.J. 2003), interprets New Jersey employment law to hold that the particular
statutory attorneys’ fees at issue in that case were a contingent interest at the time
suit was filed. Gullone and its interpretation of a particular state statutory right to
fees plainly have no bearing on the award of fees as the appropriate measure for
the district court’s discretionary imposition of sanctions. We have no reason,
therefore, to treat the district court’s award of fees on the basis of Mr. Miller’s
entirely post-petition conduct in the present case as a claim arising pre-petition.
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3.
The defendants contend that Mr. Miller’s appeal is frivolous, and they seek
an award of attorneys’ fees and costs for the appeal under Federal Rule of
Appellate Procedure 38. The defendants make the request only in their appellate
brief and have not filed the separate motion required by the rule. The commentary
to the rule and our cases are clear that this manner of request will be denied. See
Fed. R. App. P. 38 advisory committee’s note (“A statement inserted in a party’s
brief that the party moves for sanctions is not sufficient notice.”); Higgins v.
Vortez Fishing Sys., Inc., 379 F.3d 701, 709 (9th Cir. 2004). We therefore deny
the request for fees on appeal without prejudice to a properly filed motion.
AFFIRMED.
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