IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 39944
ROBERT T. EBERLEY, ) 2013 Unpublished Opinion No. 660
)
Petitioner-Appellant, ) Filed: September 5, 2013
)
v. ) Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
)
STATE OF IDAHO, ) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
Respondent. ) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada
County. Hon. Lynn G. Norton, District Judge.
Summary dismissal of action for post-conviction relief, affirmed.
Greg S. Silvey, Star, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Jessica M. Lorello, Deputy
Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
LANSING, Judge
Robert T. Eberley appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief
after he was convicted on a guilty plea of robbery. We affirm the judgment dismissing his
petition.
I.
BACKGROUND
In February 2009, Eberley and two companions were visiting the Kuna Caves in the
southern part of Ada County. Although the Court has not been presented a detailed account of
what occurred at the caves, it is apparent that Eberley and his two companions were alleged to
have forcibly robbed four youths who were also visiting the caves. According to the victims and
Eberley’s companions, during the encounter Eberley struck one of the victims in the head with a
rock, stepped on that victim’s back as he was lying on the ground, and told the victim to pull
down his pants so that Eberley could rape him. Eberley and his companions were apprehended
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shortly after the incident and charged with four counts of robbery, Idaho Code §§ 18-6501, 18-
6502, and 18-204. A short time later, Eberley agreed to plead guilty to one count of robbery. In
return, the State agreed to dismiss the remaining three counts.
At the plea hearing, before accepting the guilty plea, the district court asked a number of
questions to ensure that Eberley was entering the plea of his own will and to ensure that he
understood the nature of the plea agreement. The court also asked if the defense had received
sufficient discovery in the matter, to which defense counsel responded affirmatively. Finally, the
court questioned Eberley about the factual basis of the charges. In response, Eberley recounted
to the court, under oath, what had happened at the caves. Eberley told the court that he had held
one of the victims down while the robbery was taking place by placing his foot in the middle of
the victim’s back. After hearing Eberley’s account of the events, the prosecutor simply noted
that “the [S]tate has a slightly different understanding of the facts. We’ll present that more fully
at sentencing for the court.”
At the subsequent sentencing hearing, the State argued that the facts of the case were
more egregious than Eberley’s account at the plea hearing. The State argued that in addition to
placing his foot on the victim’s back, Eberley also hit that victim in the head with a rock and
threatened to rape him.
Eberley disputed the State’s version of events, and claimed that the other defendants’
statements were self-serving and attributed to Eberley actions that were in fact committed by the
other defendants. Eberley first claimed that he never hit the victim with a rock and directed the
court to Detective Barker’s police report. According to the report:
[Detective Barker] looked at the scalp and verified the location of the strike by
touching the victim’s head. [The victim] told [Barker] he felt a bump on his head.
[Barker] felt the victim’s head and felt no bump. [Barker] looked closely at the
scalp around the area identified as the strike point and was not able to see any
abrasions or other marks. Neither did [Barker] observe any swelling or redness to
the area.
The report also notes that Detective Barker photographed that area on the victim’s head, but this
photo was not provided to the court.
Eberley also denied threatening to rape the victim. Instead, Eberley claimed that the
remark was made in a jovial manner prior to the robbery as the group of victims and Eberley’s
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companions were climbing down into the cave together. The court, however, was unconvinced,
and told Eberley:
I’ve had the benefit of reading all three presentence reports and having the benefit
of the statements of all the defendants in this case, as well as the statements of the
victims in this case. . . . [T]he others [are] consistent in the fact that you had [the
victim] down on the ground, had your foot on his back, told him to take his pants
off, that you were going to rape him. You’re saying something different today,
but that’s inconsistent with the great weight of the evidence offered by other
individuals, so I believe that that’s what happened.
The court then pronounced a unified life sentence with twenty years determinate.
Shortly after announcing Eberley’s sentence, the court realized that in sentencing him, the
court had relied on the statements of the other defendants contained in their presentence
investigation reports (PSIs), which Eberley had not seen. The court reconvened the hearing and,
after receiving the other defendants’ permission, amended Eberley’s PSI to include the other
defendants’ statements, and gave him an opportunity to read them. The court then gave Eberley
and his counsel an opportunity to address the statements. Eberley told the court that he had not
threatened to rape the victim, and that the other defendants had concocted the story while
incarcerated together awaiting trial. Eberley’s counsel objected generally, but conceded that it
was proper for the court to consider the statements of other defendants at sentencing. The court
then confirmed the previously-imposed sentence. Thereafter, Eberley filed a Rule 35 motion to
reduce his sentence, which was denied. On direct appeal, this Court affirmed Eberley’s sentence
in an unpublished opinion, State v. Eberley, Docket No. 36747 (Ct. App. Jan. 20, 2010).
Eberley then filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief asserting, inter alia, that the
trial court erred in relying on the PSI statements of the other defendants, that the State withheld
evidence, and that Eberley’s counsel was ineffective. The State filed an answer and motion for
summary dismissal of Eberley’s petition. After a hearing on the State’s motion, the court
dismissed the petition. Addressing each issue in turn, the court held that Eberley had failed to
present a genuine issue of material fact. Eberley appeals.
II.
ANALYSIS
A petition for post-conviction relief initiates a civil, rather than criminal, proceeding,
governed by the Idaho Rules of Civil Procedure. I.C. § 19-4907; State v. Yakovac, 145 Idaho
437, 443, 180 P.3d 476, 482 (2008). See also Pizzuto v. State, 146 Idaho 720, 724, 202 P.3d 642,
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646 (2008). Like plaintiffs in other civil actions, the petitioner must prove by a preponderance of
evidence the allegations upon which the request for post-conviction relief is based. Stuart v.
State, 118 Idaho 865, 869, 801 P.2d 1216, 1220 (1990); Goodwin v. State, 138 Idaho 269, 271,
61 P.3d 626, 628 (Ct. App. 2002). A petition for post-conviction relief differs from a complaint
in an ordinary civil action, however, in that it must contain more than “a short and plain
statement of the claim” that would suffice for a complaint under I.R.C.P. 8(a)(1). State v. Payne,
146 Idaho 548, 560, 199 P.3d 123, 135 (2008); Goodwin, 138 Idaho at 271, 61 P.3d at 628. The
petition must be verified with respect to facts within the personal knowledge of the petitioner,
and affidavits, records, or other evidence supporting its allegations must be attached, or the
petition must state why such supporting evidence is not included. I.C. § 19-4903. In other
words, the petition must present or be accompanied by admissible evidence supporting its
allegations, or it will be subject to dismissal. Wolf v. State, 152 Idaho 64, 67, 266 P.3d 1169,
1172 (Ct. App. 2011); Roman v. State, 125 Idaho 644, 647, 873 P.2d 898, 901 (Ct. App. 1994).
Idaho Code § 19-4906 authorizes summary dismissal of a petition for post-conviction
relief, either pursuant to motion of a party or upon the court’s own initiative, if “it appears from
the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions and agreements of fact,
together with any affidavits submitted, that there is no genuine issue of material fact and the
moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” I.C. § 19-4906(c). When considering
summary dismissal, the district court must construe disputed facts in the petitioner’s favor, but
the court is not required to accept either the petitioner’s mere conclusory allegations,
unsupported by admissible evidence, or the petitioner’s conclusions of law. Payne, 146 Idaho at
561, 199 P.3d at 136; Roman, 125 Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at 901. Moreover, because the district
court rather than a jury will be the trier of fact in the event of an evidentiary hearing, the district
court is not constrained to draw inferences in the petitioner’s favor, but is free to arrive at the
most probable inferences to be drawn from the evidence. Yakovac, 145 Idaho at 444, 180 P.3d at
483; Wolf, 152 Idaho at 67, 266 P.3d at 1172; Hayes v. State, 146 Idaho 353, 355, 195 P.3d 712,
714 (Ct. App. 2008). Such inferences will not be disturbed on appeal if the uncontroverted
evidence is sufficient to justify them. Chavez v. Barrus, 146 Idaho 212, 218, 192 P.3d 1036,
1042 (2008); Hayes, 146 Idaho at 355, 195 P.2d at 714; Farnsworth v. Dairymen’s Creamery
Ass’n, 125 Idaho 866, 868, 876 P.2d 148, 150 (Ct. App. 1994).
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Claims may be summarily dismissed if the petitioner’s allegations are clearly disproven
by the record of the criminal proceedings, if the petitioner has not presented evidence making a
prima facie case as to each essential element of the claims, or if the petitioner’s allegations do
not justify relief as a matter of law. Kelly v. State, 149 Idaho 517, 521, 236 P.3d 1277, 1281
(2010); McKay v. State, 148 Idaho 567, 570, 225 P.3d 700, 703 (2010); DeRushé v. State, 146
Idaho 599, 603, 200 P.3d 1148, 1152 (2009); Charboneau v. State, 144 Idaho 900, 903, 174 P.3d
870, 873 (2007); Berg v. State, 131 Idaho 517, 518, 960 P.2d 738, 739 (1998); Murphy v. State,
143 Idaho 139, 145, 139 P.3d 741, 747 (Ct. App. 2006); Cootz v. State, 129 Idaho 360, 368, 924
P.2d 622, 630 (Ct. App. 1996). Thus, summary dismissal of a claim for post-conviction relief is
appropriate when the court can conclude, as a matter of law, that the petitioner is not entitled to
relief even with all disputed facts construed in the petitioner’s favor. For this reason, summary
dismissal of a post-conviction petition may be appropriate even when the State does not
controvert the petitioner’s evidence. See Payne, 146 Idaho at 561, 199 P.3d at 136; Roman, 125
Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at 901.
Conversely, if the petition, affidavits, and other evidence supporting the petition allege
facts that, if true, would entitle the petitioner to relief, the post-conviction claim may not be
summarily dismissed. Charboneau v. State, 140 Idaho 789, 792, 102 P.3d 1108, 1111 (2004);
Berg, 131 Idaho at 519, 960 P.2d at 740; Stuart v. State, 118 Idaho 932, 934, 801 P.2d 1283,
1285 (1990); Sheahan v. State, 146 Idaho 101, 104, 190 P.3d 920, 923 (Ct. App. 2008); Roman,
125 Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at 901. If a genuine issue of material fact is presented, an evidentiary
hearing must be conducted to resolve the factual issues. Kelly, 149 Idaho at 521, 236 P.3d at
1281; Payne, 146 Idaho at 561, 199 P.3d at 136; Goodwin, 138 Idaho at 272, 61 P.3d at 629.
On appeal from an order of summary dismissal, we apply the same standards utilized by
the trial courts and examine whether the petitioner’s admissible evidence asserts facts which, if
true, would entitle the petitioner to relief. Ridgley v. State, 148 Idaho 671, 675, 227 P.3d 925,
929 (2010); Berg, 131 Idaho at 519, 960 P.2d at 740; Sheahan, 146 Idaho at 104, 190 P.3d at
923; Roman, 125 Idaho at 647, 873 P.2d at 901. Over questions of law, we exercise free review.
Rhoades v. State, 148 Idaho 247, 250, 220 P.3d 1066, 1069 (2009); Downing v. State, 136 Idaho
367, 370, 33 P.3d 841, 844 (Ct. App. 2001); Martinez v. State, 130 Idaho 530, 532, 944 P.2d
127, 129 (Ct. App. 1997).
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On appeal, Eberley asserts that summary dismissal of his post-conviction petition was
error because he made a prima facie showing that the district court erred in its handling of the
PSI statements, that his counsel coerced him into pleading guilty, that Eberley was denied
discovery, and that his counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion for withdrawal of
Eberley’s guilty plea.
A. District Court’s Reliance on other Defendants’ PSI Reports
Eberley’s first claim is that the district court erred when it relied on the other defendants’
PSI statements in sentencing Eberley. Eberley argues that this was impermissible because
Eberley was not given sufficient time to properly challenge those statements.
We first note that this is a claim of error committed by the trial court which could have
been raised in Eberley’s appeal from his judgment of conviction. Generally, an application for
post-conviction relief is not a substitute for an appeal, and a claim or issue that was or could have
been raised on appeal may not be considered in post-conviction proceedings. I.C. § 19-4901(b);
Whitehawk v. State, 116 Idaho 831, 832-33, 780 P.2d 153, 154-55 (Ct. App. 1989). We do not
rest our decision on this basis, however, because Eberley was not given notice of this ground for
dismissal of the claim by the State’s motion for summary dismissal.
The State’s motion asserted that this claim should be summarily dismissed because the
court did not err in his sentencing proceedings or, if it did, Eberley did not show any prejudice.
We agree. Immediately upon realizing that the court had considered information from the co-
defendants’ PSIs that had not been available to Eberley, the court called Eberley back and
resumed the sentencing hearing, giving him an opportunity to review the new information and
comment upon or rebut it. Eberley’s counsel objected to the court’s consideration of the other
co-defendants’ PSIs, and the defense presented responsive information. Although Eberley
complains that he should have had more time to review and respond to the co-defendants’
statements, his post-conviction petition does not allege any different information that he could
have supplied the court at the sentencing hearing had he been given more time. Therefore, he
has shown no prejudice arising from this irregularity in the sentencing proceeding.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel may properly be brought under the Uniform
Post-Conviction Procedure Act. Murray v. State, 121 Idaho 918, 924-25, 828 P.2d 1323, 1329-
30 (Ct. App. 1992). To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the defendant must
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show that the attorney’s performance was deficient and that the defendant was prejudiced by the
deficiency. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984); Hassett v. State, 127 Idaho
313, 316, 900 P.2d 221, 224 (Ct. App. 1995). To establish a deficiency, the petitioner has the
burden of showing that the attorney’s representation fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness. Aragon v. State, 114 Idaho 758, 760, 760 P.2d 1174, 1176 (1988). To establish
prejudice, the applicant must show a reasonable probability that, but for the attorney’s deficient
performance, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Id. at 761, 760 P.2d at
1177. This Court has long adhered to the proposition that tactical or strategic decisions of trial
counsel will not be second-guessed on appeal unless those decisions are based on inadequate
preparation, ignorance of relevant law or other shortcomings capable of objective evaluation.
Howard v. State, 126 Idaho 231, 233, 880 P.2d 261, 263 (Ct. App. 1994). Moreover, “[t]he
constitutional requirement for effective assistance of counsel is not the key to the prison for a
defendant who can dredge up a long series of examples of how the case might have been tried
better.” Ivey v. State, 123 Idaho 77, 80, 844 P.2d 706, 709 (1992).
1. Coercion to plead guilty
Eberley asserts that he was coerced by his counsel into entering a guilty plea. According
to Eberley’s argument, Eberley was coerced when counsel assured him that he would receive a
sentence of five years fixed plus five years indeterminate. However, as the district court
observed, Eberley’s assertion is disproven by the record. Before pleading guilty, Eberley was
provided a plea questionnaire to ensure that he understood the nature of his plea and to disclose
any promises upon which he was relying. On the questionnaire, Eberley answered, “No” to an
inquiry whether any promises had been made to him which influenced his decision to plead
guilty, and his answers did not state any agreement with respect to the sentence. The district
court also questioned Eberley to ensure that he understood the nature of his plea and that he
could receive up to the maximum sentence.
[STATE]: Judge, the only agreement we have is that he will be pleading
guilty to one count of robbery. The remaining counts will be dismissed. . . . It is
open sentencing. The State’s free to ask for up to the maximum.
[COURT]: All right, thank you.
Mr. Eberley, is that your understanding of the plea agreement?
[DEFENDANT]: Yes, ma’am.
[COURT] All right, thank you. And have any other promises been made
to you beyond what’s been told to me today?
[DEFENDANT] No, ma’am.
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[COURT] Thank you. Is the plea agreement acceptable to you?
[DEFENDANT] Yes, ma’am.
[COURT] And do you understand you’re not required to accept the plea
agreement?
[DEFENDANT] Yes, ma’am.
[COURT] All right, thank you. And you understand the sentence is open.
What that means is you could receive a sentence up to--from 5 years to life
imprisonment and up to a $50,000 fine. Do you understand that?
[DEFENDANT] Yes, ma’am.
This Court has held that post-conviction allegations will not merit relief when they are
clearly disproven by the record. Cootz, 129 Idaho at 368, 924 P.2d at 630. Because Eberley’s
claims are directly contradicted by his answers on the questionnaire and his sworn testimony
given at the change of plea hearing, we conclude that they do not create a genuine issue of
material fact meriting an evidentiary hearing.
2. Failure to give Eberley a transcript of his telephone conversations while in
jail
Eberley next claims that he was not provided complete discovery because his lawyer did
not provide him a transcript of phone calls that he made while he was incarcerated. In response,
the State asserts that such transcripts never existed.
Again, we agree with the State. Eberley has not provided any evidence that such
transcripts ever existed. Indeed, his own petition alleges that his attorney told him that they do
not exist. Eberley has not shown that his attorney was deficient for failing to provide Eberley
documents that do not exist. Thus, the district court did not err in dismissing this portion of
Eberley’s petition.
3. Failure to move to withdraw plea
Eberley next argues that his defense attorney was ineffective for failure to file a motion to
withdraw Eberley’s guilty plea when Eberley allegedly asked him to do so at the sentencing
hearing.
In a post-conviction proceeding challenging an attorney’s failure to pursue a motion in
the underlying criminal action, the district court may consider the probability of success of the
motion in question in determining whether the attorney’s inactivity constituted incompetent
performance. Boman v. State, 129 Idaho 520, 526, 927 P.2d 910, 916 (Ct. App. 1996). Where
the alleged deficiency is counsel’s failure to file a motion, a conclusion that the motion, if
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pursued, would not have been granted by the trial court, is generally determinative of both
prongs of the Strickland test. Id.
Motions to withdraw guilty pleas are governed by I.C.R. 33(c) which provides:
A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty may be made only before sentence
is imposed or imposition of sentence is suspended; but to correct manifest
injustice the court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and
permit the defendant to withdraw defendant’s plea.
When the motion is made before pronouncement of sentence, such discretion should be liberally
exercised. State v. Hanslovan, 147 Idaho 530, 535, 211 P.3d 775, 780 (Ct. App. 2008); State v.
Rodriguez, 118 Idaho 957, 959, 801 P.2d 1308, 1310 (Ct. App. 1990). Nevertheless, presentence
withdrawal of a guilty plea is not an automatic right; the defendant bears the burden to show a
“just reason” for the withdrawal. Hanslovan, 147 Idaho at 535, 211 P.3d at 780; State v. Ward,
135 Idaho 68, 72, 14 P.3d 388, 392 (Ct. App. 2000).
The grounds upon which Eberley contends his counsel should have moved for
withdrawal of the guilty plea include the complaints discussed above concerning the district
court’s handling of the co-defendants’ PSI reports and the defense attorney’s failure to provide
transcripts of telephone calls. We have held above that Eberley has not presented evidentiary
support for those complaints and we will not discuss them further. He also contends that his
attorney should have moved to withdraw the guilty plea because the State did not produce, until
after Eberley pleaded guilty, a police report that would have been useful in rebutting the claim of
one victim that Eberley hit him in the head with a rock during the course of the robbery. This
police report was produced after Eberley pleaded guilty but before sentencing. Eberley’s
contention that this late discovery response would have created just cause for withdrawal of his
guilty plea is without merit because the police report was not exculpatory as to the crime of
robbery to which Eberley pleaded guilty. Eberley was not charged with and did not plead guilty
to battery on this victim. He was charged only with four counts of robbery and pleaded guilty to
one count. Although the allegation that Eberley hit a victim with a rock could have comprised
part of the State’s evidence of the force used to commit the robbery, Eberley admitted to
participation in the robbery and the use of other force, including stepping on the victim’s back as
he lay on the ground. Facts submitted by Eberley at the plea hearing provided ample factual
basis for the plea, regardless of whether he also hit a victim in the head with a rock. Because
there is no reasonable probability that a motion to withdraw the guilty plea based on this late
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discovery response would have been successful, Eberley has not shown that his attorney was
deficient in failing to pursue such a motion.
Lastly, Eberley argues that his counsel should be deemed deficient for failing to file a
motion to withdraw the guilty plea even if there is no reasonable probability that the motion
would have been granted. Although he acknowledges that ineffective assistance of counsel for
failure to file a motion is generally determined by assessing the probability that the motion
would be granted, he argues that, in this case, showing that the motion would have been granted
was not necessary to show prejudice because had the motion been made, Eberley would have had
time to rebut the co-defendants’ statements in their PSIs. So far as we can understand it,
Eberley’s argument can be paraphrased thus: if Eberley’s counsel had made a motion to
withdraw Eberley’s guilty plea, the court would not have sentenced Eberley at the sentencing
hearing, which would have given Eberley additional time to rebut the PSI statements. However,
Eberley has not shown that he had any evidence to rebut the PSI statements other than what he
told the court at his sentencing hearing. Eberley has not presented in the post-conviction action
any additional evidence that could have been used to rebut the other defendants’ and witness’s
account of the robbery to which he pleaded guilty. This claim of prejudice from counsel’s
failure to file a motion to withdraw the guilty plea is entirely hypothetical and without any
support in the evidence.
4. Failure to obtain dismissal of misdemeanor
Finally, Eberley argues that his counsel was ineffective because he did not obtain
dismissal of a charge for misdemeanor possession of marijuana which was alleged in the
criminal complaint that originated the charges against him. This argument is fatally flawed
because when the State presented the case to the grand jury to obtain an indictment, it did not
pursue that charge, and the indictment that was issued did not include it. An amended
information that was filed thereafter likewise did not include the allegation of a misdemeanor.
Thus, the misdemeanor charge was abandoned long before Eberley’s guilty plea. Defense
counsel therefore could not have been ineffective for failing to obtain dismissal of a charge that
was not pending.
In summary, Eberley has shown neither deficient performance by his counsel nor any
prejudice arising from the alleged deficiencies. Therefore, the district court did not err in
dismissing his claims for ineffective assistance of counsel.
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III.
CONCLUSION
Eberley has not made a prima facie showing of facts that would entitle him to relief on
any of his post-conviction claims. Therefore, the district court’s judgment summarily dismissing
Eberley’s petition for post-conviction relief is affirmed.
Chief Judge GUTIERREZ and Judge MELANSON CONCUR.
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