FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION SEP 12 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JARED K. BEDKE; BRUCE BYRON No. 12-35341
BEDKE; MARTHA JEAN BEDKE,
D.C. No. 4:09-cv-00399-DOC
Plaintiffs - Appellees,
v. MEMORANDUM*
KENNETH LEE SALAZAR, Secretary of
the Interior; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
THE INTERIOR; BUREAU OF LAND
MANAGEMENT; TOM DYER, in his
official capacity as Idaho State BLM
Director; BILL BAKER, in his official
capacity as Twin Falls District BLM
Manager; KEN MILLER, in his official
capacity as Burley BLM Field Manager;
MICHAEL COURTNEY, in his official
capacity as Rangeland Management
Specialist; LOREN GOOD, in his official
capacity as Special Agent in charge Idaho
BLM Law Enforcement Division; LISA
SCHUTZBERGER, in her official capacity
as District Law Enforcement Ranger;
IDAHO STATE POLICE; IDAHO
STATE BRAND DEPARTMENT;
LARRY A. HAYHURST, in his official
capacity as Idaho State Brand Inspector;
BOYD RICHINS, in his official capacity
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
as Deputy Brand Inspector,
Defendants,
and
CASSIA COUNTY SHERIFF’S
DEPARTMENT; RANDY KIDD, in his
official capacity as Cassia County Sheriff;
CARY BRISTOL, in his official capacity
as Cassia County Undersheriff; ROBERT
NAY, in his official capacity as Sergeant
Cassia County Sheriff’s Department;
PEGGY MARIZZA, in her official
capacity as Seargent Cassia County
Sheriff’s Department; JAMES R.
SELLICK, in his official capacity as
Cassia County Deputy Sheriff; PAUL
CHRISTENSEN, in his official capacity as
Cassia County Commissioner; CLAY
HANDY, in his official capacity as Cassia
County Commissioner; DENNIS CRANE,
in his official capacity as Cassia County
Commissioner; ALFRED E. BARRUS, in
his official capacity as Cassia County
Prosecuting Attorney,
Defendants - Appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Idaho
David O. Carter, District Judge, Presiding
2
Submitted August 27, 2013**
Seattle, Washington
Before: McKEOWN and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF, Senior District
Judge.***
Jared, Bruce, and Martha Bedke sued the commissioners, prosecuting
attorney, and certain police officers of Cassia County, Idaho (collectively, the
“Cassia County Defendants”). They allege a Fourth Amendment violation arising
out of the Cassia County Defendants’ participation in (or failure to prevent) the
Bureau of Land Management’s (“BLM”) seizure and sale of the Bedkes’ cattle,
which were grazing on BLM land. The Cassia County Defendants moved for
summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds and asserted that county
prosecuting attorney Al Barrus had absolute immunity. The district court denied
the motion to allow for further factual development, and the Cassia County
Defendants appeal. We have jurisdiction because, even resolving all factual
disputes in the Bedkes’ favor, this appeal can be resolved on the ground that there
was no violation of a “clearly established” right. See Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457
U.S. 800, 818 (1982).
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, Senior District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
3
The Bedkes argue that regulations requiring the Cassia County defendants to
uphold the law render their actions non-discretionary. However, determining the
proper course of action when confronted with a challenge to an impoundment
conducted pursuant to federal regulations requires the type of “particularized
judgment” eligible for qualified immunity. See F.E. Trotter, Inc. v. Watkins, 869
F.2d 1312, 1314 (9th Cir. 1989).
The impoundment and sale of the Bedkes’ cattle took place pursuant to
federal regulations, which provided the Bedkes with written notice (43 C.F.R.
§ 4150.2), the opportunity to provide contrary evidence (id.), and the right to an
appeal (43 C.F.R. § 4.470). The impoundment of cattle pursuant to these
regulations has never been held invalid.
Instead of availing themselves of the federal procedures, the Bedkes
attempted to stop the impoundment by complaining to county officials and
bringing a state court action. The state court noted “serious questions” about its
jurisdiction and declined to enjoin the impoundment, writing that the Bedkes had
“not clearly shown that seizure of [their] cattle would deny due process or that such
seizure would be a criminal act.” Additionally, prosecuting attorney Barrus
4
advised county officials that the BLM had authority to impound the cattle.1 Local
police officers, paid for by the BLM, were present during the impoundment to
prevent a confrontation. The seizure and sale proceeded despite the Bedkes’
protests.
The Bedkes assert that this conduct violates the Fourth Amendment’s
general “guarantees against unwarranted seizures.” This framing of the claim is
too general and abstract. Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639 (1987)
(cautioning against “convert[ing] the rule of qualified immunity . . . into a rule of
virtually unqualified liability simply by alleging violation of extremely abstract
rights”). Even ignoring this deficiency, there was no violation of “clearly
established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would
have known.” Harlow, 457 U.S. at 818. The Cassia County Defendants, who
acted in good faith in a matter governed by valid federal regulations, are entitled to
qualified immunity. See Hunter v. Bryant, 502 U.S. 224, 228 (1991) (qualified
immunity “protect[s] all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly
violate the law”).
1
This advisory role does not entitle Barrus to absolute immunity. See Van
de Kamp v. Goldstein, 555 U.S. 335, 343 (2009) (explaining that “absolute
immunity does not apply when a prosecutor gives advice to police during a
criminal investigation”). The Bedkes’ claim against Barrus is nonetheless barred
on qualified immunity grounds.
5
REVERSED.
6