IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on briefs January 15, 2013
JAMES ANTHONY BURGESS v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Putnam County
No. 07-0676 David A. Patterson, Judge
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No. M2012-01308-CCA-R3-PC - Filed March 21, 2013
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This is a post-conviction appeal of the trial court’s order denying appellant relief from his
jury convictions of felony murder (two counts); second degree murder (two counts);
aggravated burglary; and reckless endangerment. The trial court, which heard the post-
conviction petition, sentenced appellant to two consecutive life sentences plus thirteen
years. We affirm the trial court’s denial of post-conviction relief.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed.
P AUL G. S UMMERS, Sr.J., delivered the opinion of the court in which J OSEPH M. T IPTON,
P.J., and J AMES C URWOOD W ITT, Jr., J., joined.
Rebecca Brady, Cookeville, TN, for the petitioner-appellant, James Anthony Burgess.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Deshea Dulany Faughn, Assistant
Attorney General; Anthony Craighead, Deputy District Attorney General; and Beth
Willis, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
On January 22, 2007, a Putnam County jury convicted appellant of two counts of
second degree murder, two counts of felony murder, one count of especially aggravated
burglary, and one count of reckless endangerment. The jury sentenced appellant to life in
prison for the two felony murder convictions. After a sentencing hearing, the trial court
sentenced appellant to numerous years for each second degree murder conviction and
ordered that they run consecutively.
In a direct appeal of appellant’s case, this Court affirmed all convictions but
modified the especially aggravated burglary conviction to aggravated burglary. On
remand, the trial court modified that sentence to three years. After the appeal, appellant
filed his post-conviction petition, the essence of which was ineffective assistance of
counsel at trial and on appeal. The same lawyer represented appellant at both levels. As
subparts of his ineffective assistance claim, appellant listed at least ten reasons why
counsel was ineffective. The alleged ineffective claims were:
1. Failure to attack the validity of the search of appellant’s vehicle;
2. Failure to argue that the photos of the deceased should have been suppressed
due to tampering;
3. Failure to object to “false evidence” used at trial and misstatements of evidence
made by the state in the appeal;
4. Failure to communicate appropriately with appellant during the preparation for
the defense;
5. Failure to call Dr. Maltman, Luke Chaffin or Eric Engum as witnesses for the
defense;
6. Failure to provide appellant access to discovery;
7. Failure to attack the validity of the indictment;
8. Failure to properly investigate the facts and theories of the case, including
interviewing of the state's witnesses;
9. Failure to raise the issue of provocation or the defense that the appellant may
have acted in self-defense and not bringing in evidence of the “missing handgun”
and “possible bullet hole”; and
10. Preparation of the appellant’s appeal even though counsel was aware that the
appellant wanted a new attorney appointed for the appeal.
The unquestioned facts of the crimes challenge the appellant in his claim of poor
representation. The simplest way for us to give a rendition of the insurmountable job his
lawyer had to defending him is to state the factual background this Court rendered in the
direct appeal, as follows:
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Appellant and the victim, Elizabeth Burgess, began dating in
1998. At the time, the victim was already pregnant with her first
child, M.C. Appellant took an active role in raising the child. On
June 30, 2000, Appellant and the victim got married. On December
17, 2002, J.B., the son of the victim and Appellant, was born.
Shortly after the birth of J.B., the marriage began to deteriorate.
By January 2007, the marriage was beyond repair. According
to Appellant, the victim told him at that time that she was unhappy
with him and unhappy in the marriage. Appellant began sleeping at
the ambulance station where he worked as a paramedic. By March
2007, he was living at a friend's house. During this time period,
appellant began dating a woman named Jackie Reid, and the victim
began dating a man named Jimmy Prewitt, the other victim.
On February 22, 2007, the chancery court entered an order
which ordered Appellant to have no contact with the victim.
Appellant testified that he was not present when the court ruled on
the order of protection. He admitted that he signed it at a later time.
On March 26, 2007, the chancery court entered an ex parte order of
protection in which Appellant was ordered to have no contact or
communication with the victim. The order also set a hearing for
April 5, 2007. On April 5, 2007, the court entered an order
continuing the matter until a hearing on April 20, 2007, and
extending the ex parte order of protection.
Appellant had visitation with J.B. on May 1 and May 3, 2007.
On May 5, 2007, according to appellant, the victim sent him a text
message that she needed child support money. On the evening of
May 5, 2007, Appellant sent the victim several text messages to try
to get her to talk to him about J.B. and whether Mr. Prewitt was
spending the night at the house. The victim sent a reply that she was
eating supper and refused to talk to Appellant at that time. She told
him to send her a text message or leave a voice mail instead.
Appellant found the victim, Mr. Prewitt, and the children, M.C. and
J.B., at Cheddar's restaurant. Appellant approached them in the
parking lot. Words were exchanged between Appellant, the victim
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and Mr. Prewitt. The victim drove off with Mr. Prewitt and the
children. Appellant was angry and sat in his car.
Shortly thereafter, Appellant began driving to the victim’s
home which he formerly shared with her. As he drove to the house,
he called Ms. Reid and told her that he could not “take this
anymore,” and he was going to “kill her,” meaning the victim. Ms.
Reid testified that he might have said “kill them” instead of “kill
her.” When Appellant arrived at the house, the victim and Mr.
Prewitt were outside on the front porch. The victim said that she did
not want to talk to him and the victim and Mr. Prewitt went inside
the house. Appellant walked to his car and pulled out a gun from his
duffle bag. According to Appellant, he was attending a picnic later
that day and intended to do some target practice with a friend.
Appellant loaded two magazines with ammunition. He placed one
magazine in the gun. Appellant walked to the front door. He could
see M.C. and J.B. in M.C.’s room through the window which is right
next to the front door. Appellant knocked on the door. When the
victim and Mr. Prewitt did not open the door, Appellant fired into the
front door six times. Using the gun, he broke a side window next to
the door. Appellant reached through the broken window and
unlocked the door. Appellant walked into the living room and shot
the victim nine times.
Appellant followed Mr. Prewitt into M.C.’s room. The
children were standing in front of the raised window. Appellant had
told them long ago to crawl out of the window and get out of the
house when the alarm was set off. Mr. Prewitt ran to the window
with the children and pushed the children behind him. Appellant
entered the room about where the children were standing and began
shooting Mr. Prewitt. Mr. Prewitt climbed out of the window, and
Appellant followed him. Mr. Prewitt was shot five times and one of
the wounds was at his left temple. The shot to Mr. Prewitt’s temple
had been fired from two and a half to three feet away.
According to Appellant, after shooting the victim and Mr.
Prewitt, his first thoughts were of the children. He went inside the
house to make sure they were okay. He hugged and kissed them. He
went to the living room and saw the victim’s body. He knew that she
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was dead. He held her hand and told her that he loved her. Appellant
disconnected the house alarm and called 911. He told the operator
that he had killed the victim because he hated her and she hated him.
When the 911 operator asked if the victim was dead, Appellant
replied that he hoped so.
Appellant sat on the front porch of the house and considered
committing suicide. However, a friend called his cellphone and
talked Appellant out of it. While Appellant sat on the front porch,
local law enforcement surrounded the house and set up a perimeter
with a SWAT team. Local law enforcement had been informed that
appellant was armed by the 911 operator. After about three hours,
the officers were able to approach Appellant and arrest him. The
children were in the house until Appellant was arrested.
When the officers approached the house, they saw a dead man
in the front yard. Upon entering the house, they say a body in the
living room and a great deal of blood. The officers retrieved the
children from the bedroom and stood in a line in front of the victim’s
body, so the children would not have to see their mother’s body.
State v. James Anthony Burgess, No. M2009-00897-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 Tenn. Crim.
App., Lexis 659, at * 1-3 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 4, 2010), perm. to app. Denied (Tenn.
Dec. 7, 2010).
The post-conviction trial court held a thorough hearing in Putnam County where
the appellant was represented by new counsel, appointed by the court. His first motion
was for his new lawyer to be removed and another lawyer appointed, which the court
denied. Appellant testified for himself, and the state called his former lawyer, against
whom the ineffective claim had been made, to address appellant’s points.
II. LAW AND ANALYSIS
The post-conviction petitioner bears the burden of proving his allegations by clear
and convincing evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). When an evidentiary
hearing is held in the post-conviction setting, the findings of fact made by the court are
conclusive on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against them. Tidwell v. State,
922 S.W.2d 497, 500 (Tenn. 1996).
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When appellate review involves purely factual issues, the appellate court should
not reweigh or reevaluate the evidence. Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578 (Tenn.
1997). Review of a trial court's application of law to the facts of the case is de novo, with
no presumption of correctness. Ruff v. State, 978 S.W.2d 95, 96 (Tenn. 1998). The issue
of ineffective assistance of counsel, which presents mixed questions of fact and law, is
reviewed de novo, with a presumption of correctness given only to the post-conviction
court's findings of fact. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001); Burns v. State,
6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999).
To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner has the
burden to show both the trial counsel’s performance was deficient and that counsel’s
deficient performance prejudiced the outcome of the proceeding. Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); State v. Taylor, 968 S.W.2d 900, 905 (Tenn.
Crim. App.1997) (noting that same standard for determining ineffective assistance of
counsel applied in federal cases also applies in Tennessee). The Strickland standard is a
two-prong test:
First, the defendant must show that counsel’s performance was deficient.
This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel
was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the defendant by the
Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must show that the deficient
performance prejudiced the defense. This requires a showing that
counsel’s errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial,
a trial whose result is reliable.
466 U.S. at 687.
The deficient performance prong of the test is satisfied by showing that “counsel’s
acts or omissions were so serious as to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness
under prevailing professional norms.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996)
(citing, Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)).
Moreover, the reviewing court must indulge a strong presumption that the conduct of
counsel falls within the range of reasonable professional assistance, see Strickland, 466
U.S. at 690, and may not second-guess the tactical and strategic choices made by trial
counsel unless those choices were uninformed because of inadequate preparation. Hellard
v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9 (Tenn. 1982). The prejudice prong of the test is satisfied by
showing a reasonable probability, i.e., a “probability sufficient to undermine confidence
in the outcome,” that “but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
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Courts need not approach the Strickland test in a specific order or even “address
both components of the inquiry if the defendant makes an insufficient showing on one.”
466 U.S. at 697; see also, Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (stating that “failure to prove either
deficiency or prejudice provides a sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective
assistance claim”).
Appellant claims that counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress items
found during a search of appellant's vehicle. This claim lacks any merit. First, the search
of appellant’s car was pursuant to a search warrant covering the victim's property, which
included any vehicles at the property. Second, the only items that were taken from the
vehicle were items that were within the plain sight of investigators and subject to seizure
without a warrant. Finally, the post-conviction court accredited trial counsel’s testimony
that “what was found in the car neither helped nor hurt” the appellant’s cause. Appellant
fails to show what evidence would have been suppressed and how that would have
changed the outcome of the trial.
Appellant fails in his argument that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
suppress photographs of the deceased at the crime scene. The testimony at the post-
conviction hearing was that trial counsel did not believe the bodies had been tampered
with before being photographed. Furthermore, the testimony established that whether the
bodies had been moved did not matter to the defense strategy. The post-conviction court
found that the photos were relevant to issues other than the location of the bodies and that
any motion to suppress would not have been granted. Petitioner has failed to satisfy either
prong of the Strickland test regarding the photographs of the bodies.
In regards to the claims that his trial counsel should have objected to “false
evidence,” appellant has failed to show what “evidence” was allegedly false. While
appellant has previously called into question the status of the order of protection, this
Court extensively reviewed these issues on direct appeal and found in the state’s favor.
Appellant also claims that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to communicate
with him during the filing of the direct appeal. However, appellant has never specified
how the outcome would have been different had appellant been consulted. Likewise, this
issue lacks merit.
Any claims of appellant for ineffective assistance of counsel due to trial counsel’s
failing to call Dr. Mark Maltman, Luke Chaffin or Eric Engum as witnesses also fail.
Appellant failed to call these witnesses at the post-conviction hearing. Therefore, we
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could only speculate as to how these witnesses would have testified. Furthermore, the
testimony of trial counsel was that a tactical decision was made not to call these witnesses
because their testimony would not have been favorable to appellant’s cause.
Appellant’s argument regarding trial counsel’s alleged failure to provide appellant
with discovery is unsupported. First, appellant fails to identify what parts of discovery he
was not provided. Second, there is no proof of how his having received any alleged
missing discovery would have prejudiced him at trial. Any claims of deficiency for
failing to challenge the indictment also fail. The post-conviction court found that
appellant failed to present any competent proof that there was any insufficiency in the
indictment, and upon its own review found the indictment sufficient.
The issue of trial counsel’s failure to properly investigate the facts or interview the
state’s witnesses also lacks any merit. Appellant fails to supply any proof that counsel
failed to investigate the facts of his case, or how the alleged lack of investigation
prejudiced his trial. Likewise, appellant has not identified which witnesses counsel
should have interviewed, what the witnesses would have told his counsel or how the
information that the witnesses provided counsel could have affected the outcome of the
trial.
Appellant’s argument that trial counsel was deficient for failing to raise the issue
of self-defense is meritless. Counsel’s testimony at the post-conviction hearing was clear
that he felt that bringing up the issue of self-defense would eviscerate the argument that
appellant was acting in the heat of passion rather than by premeditation. Trial counsel
was attempting to have the jury focus on the fact that appellant was going through a
divorce, taking psychotropic medication, and had just gotten into a heated encounter with
both victims prior to the killings. It was noted by the post-conviction court that the
evidence at trial was that appellant shot through the front door of the victim’s house prior
to forcing entry into the home; shot his estranged wife; and then chased the second victim
out a window prior to shooting him in the head from a distance of three feet. The attempt
to claim self defense would have been a poor tactic, and trial counsel prudently avoided
this defense.
Finally, appellant claims ineffectiveness for counsel’s filing the direct appeal when
appellant claims counsel knew that appellant wanted a new attorney. The post-conviction
court discredited appellant’s testimony that after trial he told his trial attorney that he
wanted new counsel for the appeal. The testimony from trial counsel was that he was
never made aware that appellant was seeking a new attorney. In addition, appellant has
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not shown that trial counsel was deficient in the direct appeal, or how any alleged
deficiency resulted in prejudice during the direct appeal.
Finding no merit to any of appellant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims,
either as to deficient performance or prejudice, we find appellant’s petition for post-
conviction relief to be meritless.
III. CONCLUSION
In consideration of the foregoing and the record as a whole, the post-conviction
court is affirmed.
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PAUL G. SUMMERS, Senior Judge
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