IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs November 27, 2012
SHAVON PAGE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
No. 93243 Bob R. McGee, Judge
No. E2012-00421-CCA-R3-PC - Filed January 7, 2012
The Petitioner, Shavon Page, pled guilty to five counts of especially aggravated kidnapping,
three counts of aggravated rape, two counts of aggravated sexual battery, two counts of
aggravated robbery, and one count of aggravated burglary, in exchange for an effective
sentence of thirty years, to be served at 100%. The Petitioner filed a timely petition for post-
conviction relief, alleging that he had received the ineffective assistance of counsel. On
appeal, the Petitioner contends first that the post-conviction court erred when it denied his
request, pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Evidence 615, to have his trial counsel excluded from
the courtroom during the post-conviction hearing. He next contends that the post-conviction
court erred when it dismissed his petition because his trial counsel was ineffective for failing
to adequately investigate his case, which rendered the Petitioner’s guilty plea unknowingly
and involuntarily entered. After a thorough review of the record and applicable authorities,
we affirm the post-conviction court’s judgment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
R OBERT W. W EDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. K ELLY T HOMAS,
J R., and C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, JJ., joined.
William J. Taylor, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Shavon Page.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Deshea Dulany Faughn, Assistant
Attorney General; Randall Nichols, District Attorney General; and Philip Morton and Eric
Counts, Assistant District Attorneys General for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts
A. Guilty Plea
This case arises from a home invasion during which the victims1 were robbed and the
female victim was repeatedly raped. The Petitioner and two co-defendants, Dameion Nolan
and Michael McMahan, were indicted on charges involving kidnapping, rape, sexual battery,
robbery, and burglary. At the guilty plea submission hearing, the State provided the
following basis for the guilty plea:
Your Honor, the proof would show through the witnesses listed on the
indictment, that on June the 3rd , 2007, these two defendants along with a
codefendant by the name of Damien [sic] Nolan, who has already pled guilty
in these matters, about 1:30 in the morning approached the residence
belonging to [Victim 1 and Victim 2] . . . in Knox County.
All three of these individuals, in particular these two defendants, [the
Petitioner] and McMahan, gained entry by forcing open a rear door leading
into a basement area of the [victims’] home.
All three of these defendants, specifically [the Petitioner] and Mr.
McMahan, were armed with handguns. And after entering the home made
their way up a flight of stairs into the main living area of the [Victims’] home.
All three armed defendants then entered the bedroom of the victims, .
. . where they were both in their bed asleep. And he was awakened, [Victim
1] was struck in the head with a gun and pistol whipped by these defendant
acting in concert.
They were forced out of their bed at gunpoint, ordered to lay down on
the bedroom floor on a rug that was adjacent to the bed. Very early on in this
encounter [Victim 2] was forced to remove her clothing. Both victims were
thereafter tied up with belts found among the victims’ clothing in the bedroom.
All three defendants managed to know where the victims’ kept their
money. [Victim 1] at one point indicated that he kept his credit cards in a
downstairs office, and offered to give those credit cards to the defendants.
Mr. McMahan and Mr. Nolan thereafter escorted [Victim 1] at gunpoint
1
Because of the nature of this case, we will refer to the victims hereinafter as “Victim 1” and
“Victim 2”
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to his downstairs office where he gave Mr. Nolan and Mr. McMahan his credit
cards. In particular one bank card together with the pin number for . . . the
bank card that he uses at SunTrust Bank.
While downstairs at some point in time, these defendants acting in concert also stole
from [Victim 1] a collection of state quarters valued at approximately $3,000 and used one
of [Victim 1’s] camera bags to conceal and ultimately remove these quarters from the home.
While Nolan and McMahan confined [Victim 1] downstairs, [the
Petitioner] still in the bedroom with [Victim 2], confined her there at gunpoint
and forced her to perform oral sex on him at gunpoint.
During the course of that [the Petitioner] ejaculated inside [Victim 2’s]
mouth leaving DNA material that caused [Victim 2] to be on the verge of
throwing up. When she reported that to [the Petitioner] that she was about to
throw up, he made statements to the effect, “if you throw up, I’ll blow your
head off.”
[Victim 1] was ultimately returned to the bedroom at gunpoint and
forced to lie down on the floor and watch as [Victim 2] was forced at gunpoint
to have oral sex with the other two defendants. During the sexual encounter
[with] these two defendants, Defendant McMahan and [the Petitioner],
attempted vaginal rape initially by touching the vaginal area with the finger
and later attempting to penetrate with the penis. But this act was not
completed.
At one point [Victim 2] was removed at gunpoint to a downstairs area
to show all three of these defendants where the surveillance camera’s power
switch was, and was forced to turn it off.
While in the bedroom, all of the defendants, while armed with and
using deadly weapons, forced [Victim 2] to show them where her jewelry was
within the bedroom closet area. She showed them and turned over items of
jewelry to them as demanded.
This entire ordeal and confinement lasted in excess of two hours, during
which these defendants, in particular Mr. McMahan and [the Petitioner],
repeatedly ordered these victims not to move or talk or that they would blow
their heads off.
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The defendants eventually fled out the bedroom door onto a patio, a
deck area, and through an obscured patio door onto the ground and into a
waiting car.
At approximately 4:04 a.m. that same morning at a SunTrust Bank on
Cedar Bluff Road, Mr. Nolan is observed on a security camera using the
victim’s ATM card to withdraw $500.00. The cameras also captured the
presence of two other individuals in the car.
Using these pictures, Damien Nolan was identified by witnesses as the
driver of the car and the person that used the ATM card to withdraw this
money.
Mr. Nolan gave the names of [the Petitioner] and Michael McMahan
as two individuals with whom he had been that night.
The car driven by Mr. Nolan was later searched pursuant to the search
warrant and a ring belonging to [Victim 2] was found inside the glove
compartment.
On June 5th , 2007, a heart shaped pendant belonging to [Victim 2] was
recovered from Charlie’s Pawn Shop on Kingston Pike. She later positively
identified that item as belonging to her, and one of the items that was taken
during this home invasion.
DNA samples eventually were collected from all three of the
defendants, and compared against the evidence obtained during the processing
of the crime scenes, specifically the rug area where [Victim 2] was able to spit
out the substance in her mouth onto the rug, there was blood on that rug that
came back to [Victim 1] from where he had been hit in the head and cut and
bled on that rug. There was semen evidence from Mr. McMahan and [the
Petitioner] isolated from the examination of the rug and bed sheet [o]n the
floor also.
The swabs indicated the sperm of [the Petitioner] and Mr. McMahan in
these samples from the rug and the sheets. And that DNA sample matched
[the Petitioner] and McMahan to the conclusion of anyone else in the world.
The defendants were later taken into custody. A brief interview was
had with [the Petitioner], he acknowledged receiving $160.00 of the $500.00
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taken from the use of the debit card but denied any other involvement in this
home invasion.
The Petitioner agreed that these are the facts that the State would prove had the case gone to
trial, he was not on any medications, and he understood his constitutional rights and the
ramifications of pleading guilty. Then, based upon this evidence and the Petitioner’s
acknowledgments, the trial court accepted the Petitioner’s plea of guilty to five counts of
especially aggravated kidnapping, three counts of aggravated rape, two counts of aggravated
sexual battery, one count of aggravated robbery, and one count of aggravated burglary, in
exchange for an effective sentence of thirty years, to be served at 100%.
B. Post-Conviction Facts
The Petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief, contending that he had
received the ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did not adequately
investigate his case. The hearing on the petition,2 was divided into three sets of proceedings:
first, those proceedings relevant to Petitioner Nolan; second, those proceedings relevant to
Petitioner McMahan; and third, those proceedings relevant to the Petitioner. The Petitioner’s
counsel during the guilty plea hearing (“Counsel”) testified twice, first during the
proceedings that were relevant to Petitioner McMahan. When he so testified, he stated that
he represented the Petitioner during the Petitioner’s guilty plea hearing and that the Petitioner
had entered his guilty pleas at the same time as Petitioner McMahan. Counsel said that he
discussed with the other attorneys and the Petitioner that, because the convictions were for
a “violent sexual offense,” the defendants, including the Petitioner, were going to be
“supervised for the rest of [their] li[ves].” He said he discussed this with the Petitioner “ [at]
length . . . [and] [i]n depth.”
Before the proceedings relevant to the Petitioner, the Petitioner asked that Counsel be
excluded from the court room while the Petitioner testified, citing Tennessee Rule of
Evidence 615. The State argued that Counsel was the State’s designated representative and
that, under the rule, he was allowed to remain in the courtroom. The trial court ruled that
Counsel could remain in the court room.
The Petitioner then testified that he had achieved the ninth grade in school, through
special classes, but he said he did not do well in school because he had trouble reading and
spelling. He said he still had trouble understanding some words. Counsel then asked the
2
The trial court held a combined hearing on the post-conviction petitions of all of the co-
defendants in this case, including the Petitioner, McMahan, and Nolan. We have excluded testimony
presented at the hearing that was relevant only to the petitions of each of the other defendants.
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Petitioner if he had any “recollection” of being analyzed by a psychologist while in school,
and the Petitioner said he did not know what the word “recollection” meant.
The Petitioner, who was eighteen at the time of these crimes, said that his family
retained Counsel to represent him, and he first spoke with Counsel while he was in jail. The
Petitioner said his first meeting with Counsel lasted between five and ten minutes, during
which Counsel asked the Petitioner questions about the case. The Petitioner said the next
meeting did not occur until after his bond had been revoked. Counsel came to see him and
brought him a discovery packet. The Petitioner said the two did not discuss the evidence
against him, including DNA evidence, or any witnesses who would testify against him.
The Petitioner said he met with Counsel on two or three occasions before he entered
his guilty plea. He said that, at first, Counsel encouraged him to plead guilty in exchange for
a twenty-five year sentence. The Petitioner said he initially declined this offer because he
felt it was too much time for him to serve. The Petitioner said he and Counsel discussed this
plea deal again, and Counsel explained that he would be eligible for parole after serving
twenty-five years. The Petitioner said, at the time, his mother had told him about an
eighteen-year sentence that she had discussed with Counsel. The Petitioner said he asked
Counsel about the possibility of an eighteen-year-sentence, but Counsel “blew [him] off.”
The Petitioner said that he met with Counsel one more time before entering his guilty
plea. Counsel had some papers with regard to the plea agreement that he wanted the
Petitioner to sign. The Petitioner identified his signature on the documents but said he did
not read the papers and did not recall seeing many of the documents. He further said that
Counsel did not read the papers to him. The Petitioner testified that Counsel only gave him
the signature page of the documents relating to his plea agreement and that he never saw the
other pages attached to the signature page.
The Petitioner testified that he did not recall telling the trial court during his guilty
plea hearing that he had read the plea agreement or that it had been read to him. He said
Counsel had told him to agree with what the trial court said during the hearing and to “say
yes to everything” and that is what he did. The Petitioner said he did not know at the time
what he was pleading guilty to or whether his sentence would be eighteen or twenty-five
years. Under no set of circumstances did he think he would be required to serve his whole
sentence of thirty years. He said that Counsel never discussed with him community
supervision for life or that he would have to be listed on a sexual offender registry.
During cross-examination, the Petitioner testified that he did not read any of the
documents related to his guilty plea. The Petitioner testified that his first name is spelled
“Shavone.” He said he did not see on the documents that his name was misspelled. The
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Petitioner said, had he seen these documents, he would have corrected the spelling of his
name. The Petitioner then identified his original petition for post-conviction relief, which
he prepared with the assistance of an inmate lawyer. He conceded that he had read through
the document and signed it despite the fact that his name was misspelled on that document
as well.
The Petitioner agreed that, before these crimes were committed, he had been in “the
juvenile system” for “quite a long time.” He said he did not recall the offenses alleged
against him while he was a juvenile, saying that he “got sent to juvenile for getting . . . kicked
out of school and stuff like that.”
The Petitioner said that, on the day he entered his guilty plea, Counsel told him to
answer “yes” to all the questions asked of him. He then said he did not “remember” the
portion of the guilty plea hearing during which he responded negatively when the trial court
asked him during the hearing, “Has anybody threatened you in any way or promised . . . you
anything to get you to plead guilty here this morning?” The Defendant said he also did not
remember responding negatively when the trial court asked him if he had any “questions
about anything at all.”
The Petitioner said that Counsel had explained to him before the guilty plea hearing
the charges that he faced, including kidnapping, rape, and robbery. The Petitioner said that
Counsel never informed him that he had a right to a jury trial. The State then asked the
Petitioner, “[A]re you saying that you didn’t even commit these crimes?” The Petitioner
responded, “No, I’m not saying that.” He then said he was also not admitting that he did
commit these crimes. The Petitioner said that Counsel told him about the DNA evidence
against him and that his semen had been found on the victims’ rugs and clothes. He agreed
that this was “pretty strong evidence” against him. He agreed that the strength of the
evidence against him was one of the reasons he pled guilty, but he maintained that the plea
deal he agreed to was not the same deal that he thought that he agreed to accept. He said he
had heard “two different stories [about the plea deal] from [his] mother and from [Counsel].”
The Petitioner conceded, however, that the day of the guilty plea hearing he heard that he was
agreeing to thirty years in prison. He said he was unaware that he would have to serve this
sentence at 100%.
The Petitioner said that he also did not know at the time that he entered his guilty plea
that he would have to be on community supervision for life. He said that he had never read
the transcript of the guilty plea and that he did not remember when Counsel stated on the
record, “That’s the agreement, your Honor, though we’d add that, and we have it in the plea
agreement I think for both defendants . . . [that] [i]t would also require them to be on the
sexual offender registry for life.”
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During redirect examination, the Petitioner testified that Counsel never discussed with
him any potential defenses he could present if he took his case to trial. The two never
discussed whether Counsel had interviewed any witnesses in the case. He said Counsel never
discussed with him the best case and worst case scenario if he took his case to trial.
Counsel testified that he had practiced criminal defense law exclusively for fourteen
years, handling thirty-five first degree murder trials and 130 trials throughout the state, in
both federal and state court. Some of these trials had resulted in the acquittal of his clients.
He said he had represented “thousands” of criminal defendants while practicing law.
Counsel testified that the Petitioner’s family hired him to represent the Petitioner while the
cases were still pending in juvenile court. Counsel said he spent “quite a bit of time” with
the Petitioner going through the case. Counsel said the Petitioner’s assertion that the two
only met “two or three times” was “ridiculous,” and he said the two met “a lot.” Counsel
said that he met with the Petitioner about bond issues and, as they got ready for what they
thought was going to be a trial, they met “all the time.” Counsel said he was “desperately
trying to work out an arrangement where [the Petitioner] could enter a plea deal.”
Counsel said that when he met with the Petitioner, while the Petitioner was
incarcerated, the Petitioner’s demeanor and appearance were different than they were at the
post-conviction hearing. He described the Petitioner as “very articulate.” Counsel said he
asked the Petitioner whether the police would find fingerprints at the crime scene, and the
Petitioner said “nope.” He then asked the Petitioner if the witnesses would be able to identify
him, and the Petitioner said, “No.” Counsel said he later learned that the robbers had used
gloves and masks. Shortly before the hearing to transfer the Petitioner from juvenile court,
the State’s attorney informed Counsel that the State had DNA evidence and that the evidence
was not from saliva left at the scene but from semen. Counsel knew, at this point, that the
Petitioner would not be successful in defending his case. Counsel became aware, also, that
the State had semen DNA evidence from the Petitioner’s co-defendant McMahan and that
they had a picture of co-defendant Nolan using the victims’ debit card at a bank.
Counsel said that, after learning about the State’s evidence, he knew that the
Petitioner’s case “could not be won.” Counsel said he communicated with both the Petitioner
and the Petitioner’s mother, attempting to help them understand that the Petitioner’s case was
not one that was winnable and that he was facing “horrendous, horrendous time if he went
to trial and lost.” Counsel said he informed the Petitioner and his mother “over, and over,
and over again” that, if they went to trial and lost, the absolute minimum sentence he faced
in Counsel’s opinion was fifty years to be served at 100%. Counsel said that he explained
to both the Petitioner and his mother that he did not think that the Petitioner would get the
minimum sentence, in light of the Petitioner’s juvenile record, which included adjudications
of guilt for gun charges and drug charges. Instead, he thought the Petitioner might receive
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the maximum sentence, which could have been more than 137 years. Counsel testified that,
because of the Petitioner’s potential exposure to such a long sentence, Counsel tried to
negotiate a plea agreement.
Counsel said he investigated the facts of the case and was ready to proceed to trial,
as indicated by his notes in the Petitioner’s file. He said his notes contained even the
Petitioner’s clothing size, so Counsel could get him some clothing to wear for trial. Until the
Sunday night before the trial was to start on Monday, the State’s best offer was forty years,
to be served at 100%. He discussed with the Petitioner the option of entering a guilty plea
without a plea agreement with the State and allowing the trial court to sentence the Petitioner.
At the last minute, Counsel was able to negotiate the plea to thirty years, to be served at
100%. Counsel said his notes indicate, “The [Petitioner’s] mom now understands the
problem. The plea is 30 years at a hundred percent. Everything’s concurrent. McMahan
gets 25.” Counsel said that he went through the plea agreement “line by line” with the
Petitioner and his mother on the Sunday before trial.
About the Petitioner’s ability to read and understand the plea agreement, Counsel said
he was “stunned” when he met the Petitioner after the Petitioner received the discovery in
this case. He said that the Petitioner surprised him noting that there were some problems
with some of the charges in the case, namely that Victim 2 could not affirmatively identify
who committed some of the sexual offenses against her because he and his co-defendant
were wearing masks. Counsel informed the Petitioner that, because he was four inches taller
than his co-defendant, Victim 2 could distinguish them by size. Counsel said, however, the
Petitioner knew the charges and knew his case.
Counsel recalled that he attended co-defendant Nolan’s guilty plea submission
hearing. He told the Petitioner’s mother that he wished that she had also attended because
he had never, “in over 130 trials . . . seen a victim that so moved the courtroom. And it was
such that Mr. Nolan’s family and friends that were there were all in tears.” Counsel knew
that Victim 2 would have made a credible witness if the Petitioner took his case to trial.
Counsel said that, during the Petitioner’s guilty plea hearing, Victim 2 did in fact testify. He
recalled that her testimony was “incredibl[y] eloquent” and “disturbing” and “a nightmare
for a defense lawyer to have a victim like that.” During Victim 2’s testimony, the
Petitioner’s mother began crying.
Counsel testified that the Petitioner was aware that his sentence involved lifetime
supervision if and when he was released from prison because he was convicted of a violent
sexual offense. Counsel testified he spent “an incredible amount of time” with both the
Petitioner and his mother trying to explain why the Petitioner received the longest sentence.
Counsel attempted to explain to them that Victim 2 said that the Petitioner was the one who
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acted the worst during the commission of these crimes. Counsel attempted to further explain
to them that the Petitioner was the one who had the gun and who held the gun to Victim 2’s
head and told her that if she spilled any of his sperm that he was going to “blow [her] f**king
head off.” Counsel said that the Petitioner was also the one who taunted Victim 1 and asked
him “how does it feel to watch your wife do this?” Counsel said that he attempted to explain
to the Petitioner that, because of his “terrible” actions, he received the longest sentence.
Counsel said he spent “hours, and hours” that weekend talking to the Petitioner and his
mother about the plea agreement.
During cross-examination, Counsel testified that he did not think that his office
obtained an investigator in this case. He said that counsel for one of the co-defendants
obtained an investigator but that they did not use the investigator’s services after learning
about the DNA evidence. Counsel agreed that, around the time of the plea hearing, he had
a significant case load and was “pretty busy.”
Counsel recalled that the State allowed co-defendant Nolan to plead before the other
co-defendants. He said that Victim 2 had said that Nolan had “interceded at the end” and
prevented additional rapes or even a shooting. The State, therefore, wanted co-defendant
Nolan to get the benefit of that and allowed him to plead first. The State then offered to
allow co-defendant McMahan to plead guilty in exchange for a twenty-five-year sentence.
Counsel said his best offer from the State, at that time, was still forty years.
Counsel said his agreement with the Petitioner’s mother when she retained him as
counsel was that she would pay $10,000 if the Petitioner pled guilty and $20,000 if Counsel
had to take the case to trial. Counsel estimated that he was paid a total of $5,000 or $6,000
for representing the Petitioner. Counsel said, regardless of payment, he was prepared for
trial.
Counsel maintained that he went over every charge contained in the plea agreement
and each document of the plea agreement “in detail.” Counsel said he “[a]bsolutely” read
the Petitioner’s constitutional rights to him. Counsel said the Petitioner “understood as well
as any client [he’d] ever had about evidence, about the charges, and about what we were
doing.” Counsel said this was a case that was “the perfect storm” because there was an
“incredible victim, [and] . . . overwhelming evidence.” Counsel said the Petitioner was lucky
to get the sentence he got.
Counsel then expressed his desire that the post-conviction court grant the Petitioner
post-conviction relief. He explained that the Petitioner received a good sentence at thirty
years and, if he were granted post-conviction relief, he would likely get a sentence of more
than 100 years. He said maybe that would send a message to people in the Petitioner’s
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position that filing a post-conviction petition after receiving a favorable deal is not, in fact,
in their best interest. Counsel expressed his frustration that petitioners, like the Petitioner,
are filing frivolous post-conviction petitions in hopes that the State will be too busy to fight
the motions. Counsel said that, at the time of the agreement, he and the Petitioner were
begging for the plea deal that they received, the Petitioner was happy with the plea
agreement, and it was “just wrong” that the Petitioner would now try to have that deal
negated through a petition for post-conviction relief.
Based upon this evidence, the post-conviction court dismissed the Petitioner’s petition
for post-conviction relief. It is from this judgment that the Petitioner now appeals.
II. Analysis
On appeal, the Petitioner contends first that the trial court erred when it allowed
Counsel to remain in the courtroom while the Petitioner testified. He next asserts that
Counsel was ineffective when representing him because he failed to adequately investigate
the case.
A. Counsel’s Presence In Courtroom
The Petitioner contends that the trial court erred when it denied his request to have
Counsel excluded from the courtroom during his testimony. He cites Tennessee Rule of
Evidence 615, which states that “[a]t the request of a party the court shall order witnesses,
including rebuttal witnesses, excluded at trial or other adjudicatory hearing.” The Petitioner
concedes that this rule does not authorize the exclusion of “a person whose presence is
shown by a party to be essential to the presentation of the party’s cause,” but contends that
Counsel’s presence was not essential because his petition was based upon the fact that his
plea was not entered into knowingly and voluntarily.
The State responds by first noting that the decision of whether to exclude Counsel is
one left within the sound discretion of the post-conviction court. It then contends that the
post-conviction court did not abuse its discretion in this case, citing multiple cases from this
Court that stand for the proposition that, given the circumstances of a post-conviction
petition, it is reasonable that the trial attorney’s presence would be essential for the
presentation of the State’s case. See e.g., Palmer v. State, 108 S.W.3d 887, 898 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 2002).
When ruling on this issue, the trial court found:
Well, I’ve been giving some thought to this and, you know, unless there’s
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some specific provision of the law to the contrary, it is just basic fundamental
due process to allow a person who’s being accused of something to face his
accuser. And having no other guiding law to circumvent that, it would appear
to me that it’s just a matter of basic due process that the [Counsel] who’s being
accused of misconduct is allowed to confront his accuser. So I’ll allow
[Counsel] to stay.
This Court has previously held that under “‘the special circumstances which arise in
a post-conviction proceeding in which a petitioner claims that his trial attorney was
ineffective, it is entirely reasonable to conclude that the trial attorney’s presence would be
essential for the presentation of the state’s case.’” Palmer, 108 S.W.3d at 898 (citation
omitted). This has been affirmed by other cases from this Court. Frankie Donald Releford
v. State, No. E2004-00695-CCA-R3-PC, 2005 WL 697524, at *3-4 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Knoxville, Mar. 28, 2005), no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed; Norman Matthews v.
State, No. W2001-02895-CCA-R3-PC, 2002 WL 31370470, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Jackson, Oct. 18, 2002), no Tenn. R. App. P. 11 application filed.
The Petitioner attempts to distinguish his case from those cited above by stating that
his claims were confined to the fact that his guilty plea was not knowingly and voluntarily
entered and did not include an attack on Counsel’s performance. We find this contention
unpersuasive. The Petitioner contended during the hearing, and he maintains on appeal, that
Counsel did not adequately investigate the facts of his case. This is precisely the type of
argument which creates the “special circumstances” making it “entirely reasonable” to
conclude that Counsel’s presence was essential for the presentation of the State’s case. See
Palmer, 108 S.W.3d at 898. The Petitioner is not entitled to relief on this issue.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
The Petitioner next contends that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
because Counsel did not adequately investigate his case and did not explain the nature and
extent of the charges the Petitioner was facing. The State counters that the Petitioner has
failed to establish that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel.
In order to obtain post-conviction relief, a petitioner must show that his or her
conviction or sentence is void or voidable because of the abridgment of a constitutional right.
T.C.A. § 40-30-103 (2006). The petitioner bears the burden of proving factual allegations
in the petition for post-conviction relief by clear and convincing evidence. T.C.A. § 40-30-
110(f) (2006). Upon review, this Court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate the evidence below;
all questions concerning the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be given their
testimony, and the factual issues raised by the evidence are to be resolved by the trial judge,
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not the appellate courts. Momon v. State, 18 S.W.3d 152, 156 (Tenn. 1999) (citing Henley
v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578-79 (Tenn. 1997)). A post-conviction court’s factual findings
are subject to a de novo review by this Court; however, we must accord these factual findings
a presumption of correctness, which can be overcome only when a preponderance of the
evidence is contrary to the post-conviction court’s factual findings. Fields v. State, 40
S.W.3d 450, 456-57 (Tenn. 2001). A post-conviction court’s conclusions of law are subject
to a purely de novo review by this Court, with no presumption of correctness. Id. at 457.
The right of a criminally accused to representation is guaranteed by both the Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 9, of the Tennessee
Constitution. State v. White, 114 S.W.3d 469, 475 (Tenn. 2003); State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d
453, 461 (Tenn. 1999); Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). The following
two-prong test directs a court’s evaluation of a claim for ineffectiveness:
First, the [petitioner] must show that counsel’s performance was deficient.
This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not
functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the [petitioner] by the Sixth
Amendment. Second, the [petitioner] must show that the deficient
performance prejudiced the defense. This requires showing that counsel’s
errors were so serious as to deprive the [petitioner] of a fair trial, a trial whose
result is reliable. Unless a [petitioner] makes both showings, it cannot be said
that the conviction or death sentence resulted from a breakdown in the
adversary process that renders the result unreliable.
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); State v. Melson, 772 S.W.2d 417, 419
(Tenn. 1989).
In reviewing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, this Court must determine
whether the advice given or services rendered by the attorney are within the range of
competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases. Baxter, 523 S.W.2d at 936. To prevail
on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must show that “counsel’s
representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.” House v. State, 44 S.W.3d
508, 515 (Tenn. 2001) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688).
When evaluating an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the reviewing court
should judge the attorney’s performance within the context of the case as a whole, taking into
account all relevant circumstances. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690; State v. Mitchell, 753
S.W.2d 148, 149 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988). The reviewing court must evaluate the
questionable conduct from the attorney’s perspective at the time. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690;
Hellard v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9 (Tenn. 1982). In doing so, the reviewing court must be
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highly deferential and “should indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 462.
Finally, we note that a defendant in a criminal case is not entitled to perfect representation,
only constitutionally adequate representation. Denton v. State, 945 S.W.2d 793, 796 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1996). In other words, “in considering claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel, ‘we address not what is prudent or appropriate, but only what is constitutionally
compelled.’” Burger v. Kemp, 483 U.S. 776, 794 (1987) (quoting United States v. Cronic,
466 U.S. 648, 665 n.38 (1984)). Counsel should not be deemed to have been ineffective
merely because a different procedure or strategy might have produced a different result.
Williams v. State, 599 S.W.2d 276, 279-80 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980). “The fact that a
particular strategy or tactic failed or hurt the defense, does not, standing alone, establish
unreasonable representation. However, deference to matters of strategy and tactical choices
applies only if the choices are informed ones based upon adequate preparation.” House, 44
S.W.3d at 515 (internal quotations omitted).
If the petitioner shows that counsel’s representation fell below a reasonable standard,
then the petitioner must satisfy the prejudice prong of the Strickland test by demonstrating
“there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of
the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; see also Nichols v.
State, 90 S.W.3d 576, 587 (Tenn. 2002). This reasonable probability must be “sufficient to
undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694; see also Harris v. State,
875 S.W.2d 662, 665 (Tenn. 1994). In the context of a guilty plea as in this case, the
effective assistance of counsel is relevant only to the extent that it affects the voluntariness
of the plea. Therefore, to satisfy the second prong of Strickland, the petitioner must show
that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have
pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59
(1985); see also Walton v. State, 966 S.W.2d 54, 55 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).
Having thoroughly reviewed the evidence presented in this case, we conclude first that
Counsel’s representation was in no way deficient. The facts proving the Petitioner’s guilt
were overwhelming and included evidence of the Petitioner’s semen at the crime scene.
Counsel successfully negotiated a favorable plea agreement on behalf of the Petitioner, and
the Petitioner was satisfied with the plea agreement at the time of the plea hearing. The
Petitioner has also failed to prove that, but for Counsel’s lack of further investigation, he
would not have pled guilty. The Petitioner has not met his burden of proving either that
Counsel was ineffective or that he suffered prejudice based upon Counsel’s performance.
Therefore, he is not entitled to relief.
III. Conclusion
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In accordance with the aforementioned reasoning and authorities, we conclude that
the post-conviction court properly dismissed the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction
relief. The post-conviction court’s judgment is, therefore, affirmed.
_________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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