IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
November 9, 2010 Session
MITCHELL DWAYNE GENTRY, v. JERICA RENAE GENTRY
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hamilton County
No. 09-D-102 Hon. Neil Thomas, Judge
No. E2010-00943-COA-R3-CV - FILED DECEMBER 28, 2010
In this divorce case after lengthy trial, the Trial Court designated the mother as the primary
residential parent, awarded the mother alimony, child support, and attorney's fees. The father
appealed, asking the Trial Court be reversed on the award of primary care, and the alimony
award to the mother. The mother appeals the issue of whether the father was entitled to
appeal, since he had been held in contempt of court. Upon consideration of the issues, we
affirm the Judgment of the Trial Court.
Tenn. R. App. P.3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed.
H ERSCHEL P ICKENS F RANKS, P.J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which D. M ICHAEL
S WINEY, J., and J OHN W. M CC LARTY, J., joined.
Daniel K. Habenicht, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Mitchell Dwayne Gentry.
Ruth H. DeLange, Englewood, Florida, for the appellee, Jerica Renae Gentry.
OPINION
Plaintiff, (“father”), brought this action on January 2, 2009, against defendant
(“mother”) alleging that she had been guilty of inappropriate marital conduct. The Complaint
alleged that the parties had two children, d.o.b. 10/01/03, and d.o.b. 2/01/07, and the father
sought designation as the primary residential parent, along with child support, alimony, and
equitable distribution of the parties’ assets/debts.
The father filed an Affidavit, stating that on November 15, 2008, the mother suddenly
moved to Arkansas with the children. Further, that on December 6, 2008, the mother signed
a power of attorney allowing the father's parents to have guardianship of the children and to
bring them home to Hamilton County, Tennessee. The father stated his parents had custody
of the children until he returned from active duty on December 18, 2008, but he had physical
custody of the children since that time.
The Court entered a Temporary Order designating the father as primary residential
parent, on the basis that the father represented that the mother said she was going to take the
children to Arkansas and not return them.
The mother answered pro se, stating the father was guilty of inappropriate marital
conduct, and asked the Court to award her a divorce and to give her custody, child support,
alimony, and attorney’s fees, based on the father’ adultery. Subsequently, the parties entered
into a Temporary Agreed Order Setting Residential Schedule and Order Setting Trial Date.
They agreed that the mother would have 4 telephone calls per week with the children, and
would have additional parenting time with the children if she came to Hamilton County (with
24 hours’ notice). Further, she would have the children from July 2 until July 25, 2009, and
would pay temporary child support to father of $200.00 per month.
A trial was held on September 22 and 23, 2009, and the father testified that he was
living in the marital residence in Ooltewah that the parties had purchased in May 2008. The
father testified that he had been stationed in Italy prior to being discharged from the military
in December 2008, and that one of the children was in kindergarten, and the other was in
daycare. The father testified that he thought the mother was living in Arkansas, but he did
not know with whom or where. Further, that he worked 8-5 Monday through Friday, and was
on call on the weekends.
The father testified that he served in the National Guard from 2000 to 2003, went into
active duty in 2003, and that he had served two tours of duty in Iraq. Further that he had
been stationed in Italy, Kentucky, Georgia, and South Carolina. He testified that he was a
native of Arkansas, and that the mother lived there during their marriage with his parents
while he was stationed elsewhere. He testified that his parents moved to Ooltewah two years
before, and that he had been honorably discharged from the military.
The father testified that the mother could not obtain employment in Italy, and they
began arguing because she said she could not stand being with the kids all the time, and that
they decided it would be better for the mother and the children to move back to the United
States, and they moved to Tennessee and stayed with his parents.
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The father testified the mother had a job between May and December 2008, working
as a teacher at the daycare where the children attended. He testified that the only other
employment the mother had during their marriage was working seasonally at Sears and
babysitting children in their home at Fort Campbell.
The father testified that the children had done well, and the mother had accused him
of not properly caring for the children, and that the mother had some type of warehouse job.
The father further testified that he felt he should be primary residential parent because
the mother did not have a stable lifestyle, and did not try to better herself financially or get
a better job, and that he knew the mother had a boyfriend that she spent time with in
Arkansas who was also in the military. Further that he had phone records showing calls from
the boyfriend to the mother.
On cross-examination, the father admitted that while in Italy, he and the mother drank
at their home, and also sometimes went out to a neighborhood hangout to drink. The father
identified pictures of him drinking in a bar with friends, and he said that this occurred during
a time when the mother and the children were not in Italy. The father testified that the female
in the picture was his friend Rachel, and that it appeared that he was licking her breast, but
he was not. The father identified another photograph of him and Rachel, whom he described
as his “best friend”, with her arm around him, and another where Rachel and another female
friend were drinking from a drink cup between his legs.
The father testified that he also had a friend named Keisha whom he had been out
drinking with a time or two in Italy. He admitted that he had taken trips with Rachel and
other friends and stayed in a hotel with them. The father testified that he booked a double
room, but that he actually stayed by himself, and that he told the mother that Rachel was his
best friend and that they hung out together.
The mother testified that after they married they stayed in Fort Campbell a couple of
months and then the father deployed and she moved home to Arkansas to live with her
mother because she was pregnant and didn’t want to be alone.
The mother said that she had a good relationship with his parents and they treated her
like a daughter. She testified that she always trusted the father’s parents with the children,
but she did not expect that they would take the children and keep them like they had done.
The mother also testified about her husband's relationship with the two women, admitted by
the father to be his "best friends".
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After the evidentiary hearing concluded, the Trial Court entered a Memorandum
Opinion, stating that the parties had attended mediation, and had agreed upon the proper
allocations of assets and debts. The Court thus stated that it only had to resolve custody and
parenting time, award of divorce, alimony and attorney’s fees, and the division of the 2008
tax refund.
The Court found that while the father had denied having an affair, there was direct
evidence of same in the form of an email he authored, and pictures of female “friends”, one
of which was partially nude. The Court found that the mother also denied having an affair
and that there was also some circumstantial evidence that she had, although not to the extent
of the evidence that the father had, and the Court awarded the divorce to the mother.
The Court discussed the factors set forth in Tenn. Code Ann. §36-6-106 regarding
designation of primary residential parent, and found that the first two factors (love, affection
and emotional ties, and disposition to provide care and food) were equal to both parents. The
Court stated that continuity also weighed equally, because the children had been moved
around somewhat extensively. The Court stated that the father’s family appeared to be more
stable than the mother’s, but the Court stated that with regard to physical and mental health,
the mother was more stable due to the father’s diagnosis of PTSD and depression, although
this had not recurred since he left the military.
The Court found that the children were too young to make a finding regarding school
or community record, and were also too young to express a preference. The Court held that
the parties weighed equally with regard to past and potential for future performance of
parenting responsibilities. The Court found that there was some evidence of a lack of
homemaking skills on the mother’s part, but that given the evidence of the father’s affairs
and his denial of same, the Court had to question the father’s judgment, and awarded the
mother primary custody of the children. The Court awarded mother $729.00 per month in
child support, and rehabilitative alimony of $200.00 per month for three years. The Court
awarded the mother $2,000.00 in attorney’s fees, and split the 2008 tax refund equitably.1
On appeal, these issues are raised:
1. Did the Trial Court err in naming the mother primary residential parent?
2. Did the Trial Court err in awarding alimony to the mother considering the debt
the father took on and his ability to pay?
1
The Parenting Plan attached to the Decree gave the mother 272 days with the children and the father
93 days with the children per year.
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3. Is the father entitled to appeal since he is in contempt of the Court order
regarding alimony and child support?
The father argues that the Trial Court erred in its designation of the mother as primary
residential parent. This decision is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard, and the
Trial Court’s decision will be upheld so long as “reasonable minds can disagree as to the
propriety of the decision made”. Herrera v. Herrera, 944 S.W.2d 379 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996;
Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82 (Tenn. 2001). As this Court said in Herrera:
“Absent some compelling reason otherwise, considerable weight must be given to the
judgment of the Trial Court [in a divorce proceeding] in respect to credibility and
suitability” of the parties as custodians. The trial courts are vested with a wide
discretion in matters of child custody, and the reviewing courts will not interfere
except upon a showing of erroneous exercise of that discretion. The trial court enjoys
a substantial advantage in having the opportunity to see, hear and evaluate the parents
suitability as custodians. As this Court noted in Bah v. Bah, 668 S.W.2d 663:
[T]his Court will, however, give great weight to the decision of the trial court
because the judge saw the witnesses face to face and heard them testify; this
rule being based upon the assumption that the trial judge did not act arbitrarily
or willfully but with the regard to what is right and equitable, considering first
the child's best interest as directed by his reason and conscience towards the
child's welfare.
Herrera at 385-386 (internal citations omitted).
Accordingly, we do not reverse the Trial Court's decision on this issue unless it is
shown that the Trial Court abused its discretion.
Tenn. Code Ann. §36-6-106(a) lists the factors to consider when determining which
parent should be named primary residential parent, as follows:
(1) The love, affection and emotional ties existing between the parents or caregivers
and the child;
(2) The disposition of the parents or caregivers to provide the child with food,
clothing, medical care, education and other necessary care and the degree to which a
parent or caregiver has been the primary caregiver;
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(3) The importance of continuity in the child's life and the length of time the child has
lived in a stable, satisfactory environment; provided, that, where there is a finding,
under subdivision (a)(8), of child abuse, as defined in § 39-15-401 or § 39-15-402, or
child sexual abuse, as defined in § 37-1-602, by one (1) parent, and that a
nonperpetrating parent or caregiver has relocated in order to flee the perpetrating
parent, that the relocation shall not weigh against an award of custody;
(4) The stability of the family unit of the parents or caregivers;
(5) The mental and physical health of the parents or caregivers;
(6) The home, school and community record of the child;
(7) (A) The reasonable preference of the child, if twelve (12) years of age or older;
(B) The court may hear the preference of a younger child on request. The
preferences of older children should normally be given greater weight than
those of younger children;
(8) Evidence of physical or emotional abuse to the child, to the other parent or to any
other person; provided, that, where there are allegations that one (1) parent has
committed child abuse, as defined in § 39-15-401 or § 39-15-402, or child sexual
abuse, as defined in § 37-1-602, against a family member, the court shall consider all
evidence relevant to the physical and emotional safety of the child, and determine, by
a clear preponderance of the evidence, whether such abuse has occurred. The court
shall include in its decision a written finding of all evidence, and all findings of facts
connected to the evidence. In addition, the court shall, where appropriate, refer any
issues of abuse to the juvenile court for further proceedings;
(9) The character and behavior of any other person who resides in or frequents the
home of a parent or caregiver and the person's interactions with the child; and
(10) Each parent or caregiver's past and potential for future performance of parenting
responsibilities, including the willingness and ability of each of the parents and
caregivers to facilitate and encourage a close and continuing parent-child relationship
between the child and both of the child's parents, consistent with the best interest of
the child.
The Trial Court weighed the factors, and made specific findings. The Court
concluded that considering the totality of the facts, the Court was concerned with the father’s
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judgment with regard to his alleged affairs and his denials, which tipped the scale in the
mother’s favor.
Reviewing the evidence at trial, the evidence does not preponderate against the Trial
Court’s findings on this issue. The evidence showed that the children had love and affection
for both parents, and that both parents could provide for them, although the mother seemed
more concerned with the medical issues involving the children. Essentially, the Trial Court
properly evaluated the various factors in light of the evidence.
As reiterated, the Trial Court called into question the father's credibility by denying
any affairs or any inappropriate behavior, but he was confronted with email messages sent
to other women from his email address, text messages sent to the mother from his cell phone
declaring his love for another woman, and nude photos of his “best friend” found in his carry
on bag. There is a plethora of evidence of the father’s inappropriate behavior, but he denied
each and every charge, nevertheless. He argues that he was punished for alleged affairs
while the mother was not, but the Trial Court judged his credibility and found his judgment
lacking. As stated earlier, “[t]he trial court enjoys a substantial advantage in having the
opportunity to see, hear and evaluate the parents suitability as custodians”, which is why this
Court should not reverse the trial court’s decision absent an abuse of discretion. See
Herrera. Having shown no abuse of discretion here, the Trial Court’s decision is affirmed.
The father next argues that the Trial Court erred in its award of rehabilitative alimony
to the mother, as there was no proof of her need nor his ability to pay. These types of
decisions are reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard. Ingram v. Ingram, 721 S.W.2d
262 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1986).
Tenn. Code Ann. §36-5-121(i) lists the factors the court should consider in making
an award of alimony, as follows:
(1) The relative earning capacity, obligations, needs, and financial resources of each
party, including income from pension, profit sharing or retirement plans and all other
sources;
(2) The relative education and training of each party, the ability and opportunity of
each party to secure such education and training, and the necessity of a party to secure
further education and training to improve such party's earnings capacity to a
reasonable level;
(3) The duration of the marriage;
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(4) The age and mental condition of each party;
(5) The physical condition of each party, including, but not limited to, physical
disability or incapacity due to a chronic debilitating disease;
(6) The extent to which it would be undesirable for a party to seek employment
outside the home, because such party will be custodian of a minor child of the
marriage;
(7) The separate assets of each party, both real and personal, tangible and intangible;
(8) The provisions made with regard to the marital property, as defined in § 36-4-121;
(9) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
(10) The extent to which each party has made such tangible and intangible
contributions to the marriage as monetary and homemaker contributions, and tangible
and intangible contributions by a party to the education, training or increased earning
power of the other party;
(11) The relative fault of the parties, in cases where the court, in its discretion, deems
it appropriate to do so; and
(12) Such other factors, including the tax consequences to each party, as are necessary
to consider the equities between the parties.
In this case, the evidence establishes the father had a greater earning capacity than
mother, as his net income was shown to be $2,600.00 per month, and mother’s was shown
to be around $1,200.00 per month. The father had his military education and training, and
was able to secure a profitable job in the computer/IT field, while the mother was working
as a customer service representative, and had meager education and training The mother had
worked intermittently throughout the marriage, but spent most of her time working as a
homemaker. The parties were of similar age and physical ability, and the extent of the
marriage was seven years. Neither had significant separate assets, because of the young age
at which they married, and the father retained more of the marital property (i.e. the house,
which was encumbered by a mortgage). The mother contributed to the father’s increased
earning capacity by staying at home with the children while he was in the military, and the
father was found to be at fault for the demise of the marriage.
The mother testified that she had a need for alimony in order to provide for herself and
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the children on her meager income, while the father testified that he was able to pay expenses
for himself and the children based on his income. Thus, we conclude the Trial Court did not
err in awarding a small amount of rehabilitative alimony to mother in this case.
The mother argues the father’s appeal should not be heard because he is in contempt
of the Court’s order regarding child support and alimony. This involves facts and events that
occurred after the appeal was filed, and there is no information in the record. This issue is
without merit.
We affirm the Judgment of the Trial Court and remand, with the cost of the appeal
assessed to Mitchell Dwayne Gentry.
_________________________________
HERSCHEL PICKENS FRANKS, P.J.
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