IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs November 23, 2010
DONALD RAY JONES v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Hancock County
No. 06-CR-2663 John F. Dugger, Jr., Judge
No. E2009-02083-CCA-R3-PC - Filed February 8, 2011
The Petitioner, Donald Ray Jones, pleaded guilty to two counts of first degree murder and
received concurrent terms of life with the possibility of parole. The Petitioner filed a timely
petition for post-conviction relief and, after a hearing, the post-conviction court denied relief.
In this appeal, the sole issue that the Petitioner raises is that he was denied effective
assistance of counsel because his Trial Counsel failed to request insanity and competency
evaluations. After our review, we conclude that the Petitioner’s appeal should be dismissed
because his notice of appeal was not timely filed.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Appeal Dismissed
D AVID H. W ELLES, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which N ORMA M CG EE O GLE and
D. K ELLY T HOMAS, J R., JJ., joined.
James F. Taylor, Rogersville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Donald Ray Jones.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Assistant Attorney
General; C. Berkeley Bell, District Attorney General; and Doug Godbee, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
Factual Background
On or around May 24, 2001, Ance “Pete” Pratt and Rebecca Pratt were shot and killed
in their Hancock County residence. Approximately $280,000 and a large quantity of
marijuana were stolen from their home at the same time. The case went unsolved until
August 2003, when the Drug Enforcement Agency received information about the murders
from the estranged wife of one of the Petitioner’s co-defendants. In July 2004, a Hancock
County grand jury issued a six-count indictment alleging that the Petitioner committed six
counts of first degree felony murder.1 The State gave the Petitioner notice that it intended
to seek the death penalty. On September 16, 2005, the Petitioner pleaded guilty to two counts
of first degree felony murder and was sentenced to concurrent life sentences with the
possibility of parole. He filed a timely petition for post-conviction relief, and the post-
conviction court conducted a hearing on May 22, 2009.
The Petitioner testified that investigator Mike Cohan and mitigation specialist Jessica
Johnson worked on his case with Trial Counsel. He recalled that he met with Ms. Johnson
several times and that she interviewed him about his childhood and his mental health issues.
The Petitioner testified that he received mental health treatment in Texas as early as when
he was eight years old. He recalled that he also received treatment when he was about twelve
years old and that, after he attempted to commit suicide when he was sixteen years old, his
mother institutionalized him. The Petitioner could not recall the details of his mental health
treatments after the age of sixteen, however, he maintained that he regularly went to various
mental health institutions “to get medicine to get sedated.” He also stated that, at the time
authorities arrested him in the instant case, he was incarcerated in Texas because of a drug
charge and was serving his sentence at a mental health hospital. The Petitioner testified that
he fully informed Ms. Johnson of his mental health history during their various meetings. He
claimed that he told both Trial Counsel and Ms. Johnson that he wanted a mental evaluation.
The Petitioner testified that, on the date of the offense—May 24, 2001, he did not feel
“mentally healthy enough” to understand what happened and the consequences of his actions.
The Petitioner also recalled that he told his defense team that, when he was transported from
Texas to Tennessee, he was taking Lithium, Benadryl, Depakote, and Elavil. He testified
that, at the time he pleaded guilty, he felt he was “mentally incapable of answering the
questions” asked by the court. He also said that he did not feel mentally competent to work
with his defense team. When asked why he replied in the negative when the trial court asked
him during his plea whether there was “[a]nything about [his] health, physical or mental
condition that would cause [him] not to understand these proceedings,” the Petitioner said
that he was “just real nervous.”
Trial Counsel testified that he had been practicing law for thirty-three years and had
previous experience working on death penalty and first degree murder cases. He said that
he met with the Petitioner numerous times and “had no problems whatsoever communicating
with” him. He also recalled that he did not think the Petitioner had any trouble understanding
1
Counts 1, 3, and 5 referred to victim Ance “Pete” Pratt and alleged that the killing was committed
in the perpetration of aggravated burglary, theft of money, and theft of a GMC truck and marijuana,
respectively. Counts 2, 4, and 6 alleged the same underlying acts, but referenced victim Rebecca Pratt.
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what Trial Counsel was discussing with him. Trial Counsel elaborated, “In my opinion, there
wasn’t any defense of insanity to this—these charges. I don’t believe there’s any defense to
the charges themselves based upon [the Petitioner’s] mental condition at the time.” He
testified that the Petitioner never asked him for a mental evaluation, nor was such a request
by the Petitioner communicated to him by anyone else.
Regarding the plea agreement, Trial Counsel recalled that the Petitioner “was adamant
from the very beginning that he was prepared to work out a plea agreement if he could avoid
the death penalty.” Trial Counsel testified that he was aware that the Petitioner had past
mental health treatment and, if they had proceeded to trial, he would have “requested
approval by the [c]ourt for some sort of mental evaluation for mitigation evidence,” which
he thought might have been helpful at the sentencing phase of the trial. When asked if Mr.
Cohan or Ms. Johnson would have brought a competency issue to his attention, Trial Counsel
said that they likely would have. However, he continued,
I certainly do not believe that there was anything that they brought to
my attention that would rise to the level of offering a defense to the charges
against [the Petitioner] or that would bear upon his ability to understand the
proceedings or to understand the entry of a plea of guilty.
Ms. Johnson testified that, after earning her master’s degree in clinical social work,
she went to work as a mitigation specialist with Michael Cohan Investigations. She
described her role in the Petitioner’s case as follows:
I met with [the Petitioner] on several occasions at Hancock County Jail,
also collecting documentation, any educational, medical, psychiatric,
employment records that I could collect on him. It was kind of an ongoing
process. Generally, I would go out and talk with witnesses, family members,
anybody who could give me information as far as [the Petitioner’s] social
history, upbringing, that sort of thing.
In [the Petitioner’s] case, I met with him on several occasions, collected
records, and I also took a trip to Texas where I met with several witnesses
down there.
She later explained that her “work primarily would come in during a sentencing hearing
should a capital case get to that point.”
Ms. Johnson recalled that the Petitioner had a history of both mental health and
substance abuse issues. She said that “some of the Texas Department of Corrections records
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indicated a diagnosis of schizo-affective disorder, possibly bipolar,” as well as substance
abuse disorder. However, she said that she did not think the Petitioner had any “active”
diagnoses at the time she was working on his case. Ms. Johnson recalled that the Petitioner
told her that he had been having some auditory hallucinations, but she said that it was
difficult to determine whether they were caused by mental illness or his “really, really
extensive history of using drugs.”
Ms. Johnson stated that she believed that the Petitioner was taking Haldol and
Lithium at the time he was transferred from Texas to Tennessee. She recalled that the
Petitioner told her that Tennessee prison officials were giving him the same medication
Texas prison officials gave him and that he appeared to be “pretty heavily medicated.” She
testified that the Petitioner seemed lethargic, shuffled his feet, had a flat affect, and
sometimes seemed like he was in a trance. Ms. Johnson elaborated, “[H]e was able to
answer questions and he was able to follow along with what we were doing, but he seemed
a bit sedated.” Ms. Johnson testified that she did not recall the Petitioner ever telling her that
he wanted a mental health examination.
Mr. Cohan testified that he worked as a private investigator on the Petitioner’s case.
He recalled that he met with the Petitioner at the Hancock County Jail and that the Petitioner
“seemed fine.” He said the Petitioner was able to talk with him and understand what Mr.
Cohan was talking to him about. Mr. Cohan recalled, “It was very clear from [the Petitioner]
from day one that he wanted to avoid the death penalty.”
Mr. Cohan testified that, on September 13, 2005, he accompanied Trial Counsel to
discuss the plea bargain with the Petitioner. He recalled that Trial Counsel went over the
plea bargain with the Petitioner line-by-line and that the Petitioner said he understood it. He
also said that the Petitioner indicated that he wanted to plead guilty and that he even asked
Trial Counsel about whether he would get jail credit for the time he served in Texas before
being transferred to Tennessee. Mr. Cohan testified, “I had no reason to believe that he
didn’t understand everything we were discussing.”
When asked if the Petitioner ever appeared sedated, Mr. Cohan replied, “Not that I
recall. We knew he was medicated on some level, but not to the point that I felt he was
hampered in responding to us.” He acknowledged that the Petitioner “moved slowly,” but
said that he did not appear to be in a trance. Mr. Cohan testified that he did not observe
anything that caused him to question the Petitioner’s mental health status and that he did not
recall the Petitioner ever requesting a mental health evaluation.
On August 21, 2009, the post-conviction court filed a written order finding that the
Petitioner failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that he was denied effective
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assistance of counsel and dismissed the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction relief as a
matter of law. The Petitioner filed his notice of appeal on September 25, 2009.
Analysis
In this appeal, the Petitioner asserts that he was denied effective assistance of counsel
because Trial Counsel failed “to request insanity and competency evaluations.” Initially,
however, we must address the State’s argument that the Petitioner’s appeal should be
dismissed because his notice of appeal was filed more than thirty days after the post-
conviction court denied his petition for relief.
Rule 4(a) of the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure provides that a notice of
appeal “shall be filed with and received by the clerk of the trial court within 30 days after the
date of entry of the judgment appealed from.” However, Rule 4(a) also states that, in
criminal cases, “the ‘notice of appeal’ document is not jurisdictional and the filing of such
document may be waived in the interest of justice.” Upon review, as we will address herein,
we conclude that the interest of justice does not require that we waive the timely filing of the
Petitioner’s notice of appeal.
First, we note that the Petitioner’s brief does not acknowledge that his notice of appeal
was untimely filed, nor does he argue that the late filing should be waived in the interest of
justice. Second, the Petitioner failed to respond to the State’s argument that the appeal
should be dismissed. Third, the Petitioner failed to present clear and convincing evidence
that he was denied effective assistance of counsel.
To sustain a petition for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove his or her
factual allegations by clear and convincing evidence at an evidentiary hearing. See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f); Momon v. State, 18 S.W.3d 152, 156 (Tenn. 1999). Upon
review, this Court will not reweigh or re-evaluate the evidence below; all questions
concerning the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be given their testimony, and
the factual issues raised by the evidence are to be resolved by the post-conviction judge, not
the appellate courts. See Momon, 18 S.W.3d at 156; Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578-
79 (Tenn. 1997). The post-conviction judge’s findings of fact on a petition for post-
conviction relief are afforded the weight of a jury verdict and are conclusive on appeal unless
the evidence preponderates against those findings. See Momon, 18 S.W.3d at 156; Henley,
960 S.W.2d at 578.
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 9 of the
Tennessee Constitution guarantee a criminal defendant the right to representation by counsel.
State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999); Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn.
1975). Both the United States Supreme Court and the Tennessee Supreme Court have
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recognized that the right to such representation includes the right to “reasonably effective”
assistance, that is, within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 461; Baxter, 523
S.W.2d at 936.
A lawyer’s assistance to his or her client is ineffective if the lawyer’s conduct “so
undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied
on as having produced a just result.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686. This overall standard is
comprised of two components: deficient performance by the defendant’s lawyer and actual
prejudice to the defense caused by the deficient performance. Id. at 687; Burns, 6 S.W.3d
at 461. To demonstrate prejudice, a defendant must show “a reasonable probability that but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. The defendant bears the burden of establishing both of these
components by clear and convincing evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f); Burns, 6
S.W.3d at 461. The defendant’s failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice is a sufficient
basis upon which to deny relief on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Burns, 6
S.W.3d at 461; Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1996).
This two-part standard of measuring ineffective assistance of counsel also applies to
claims arising out of a guilty plea. Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 58 (1985). The prejudice
component is modified such that the defendant “must show that there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have
insisted on going to trial.” Id. at 59; see also Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 246 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1998).
In evaluating a lawyer’s performance, the reviewing court uses an objective standard
of “reasonableness.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 462. The reviewing
court must be highly deferential to counsel’s choices “and should indulge a strong
presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional
assistance.” Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 462; see also Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. The court should
not use the benefit of hindsight to second-guess trial strategy or to criticize counsel’s tactics,
see Hellard v. State, 629 S.W.2d 4, 9 (Tenn. 1982), and counsel’s alleged errors should be
judged in light of all the facts and circumstances as of the time they were made, see
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690; Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 246 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998).
A trial court’s determination of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim presents a
mixed question of law and fact on appeal. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).
This Court reviews the trial court’s findings of fact with regard to the effectiveness of
counsel under a de novo standard, accompanied with a presumption that those findings are
correct unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise. Id. “However, a trial court’s
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conclusions of law—such as whether counsel’s performance was deficient or whether that
deficiency was prejudicial—are reviewed under a purely de novo standard, with no
presumption of correctness given to the trial court’s conclusions.” Id. (emphasis in original).
The Petitioner failed to show by clear and convincing evidence that he was denied
effective assistance of counsel. Although he alleges that his Trial Counsel should have
requested that he receive a mental evaluation, he presented no evidence besides his own
testimony that he was prejudiced by his counsel’s failure to do so. Moreover, Trial Counsel
testified that he did not believe that the Petitioner had a defense to the offenses based upon
his mental condition at the time. He also recalled that he had no trouble communicating with
the Petitioner and that the Petitioner did not have any difficulty understanding him. Ms.
Johnson testified that she researched the Petitioner’s mental health history and that, although
he had previously been diagnosed with schizo-affective disorder and substance abuse
disorder, he did not have any “active” diagnoses at the time she was working on his case.
She said that sometimes the Petitioner “seemed a bit sedated,” but “was able to answer
questions and he was able to follow along with what we were doing.” Mr. Cohan also
testified that he did not observe anything to cause him to question the Petitioner’s mental
health status and that the Petitioner did not seem to have any trouble understanding what they
discussed. Based upon our review of the record, we conclude that the interest of justice does
not require that we waive the timely filing of the Petitioner’s notice of appeal.
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we conclude that this appeal should
be dismissed.
_________________________________
DAVID H. WELLES, JUDGE
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