George Campbell, Jr. v. Tennessee Department of Correction

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Submitted on Briefs July 20, 2010

GEORGE CAMPBELL, JR.
v.
TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; REUBEN HODGE,
ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER; CAROLYN JORDAN; CHERRY
LINDAMOOD, WARDEN; STEPHEN PAYNE; GREGORY B. PONDS;
AND SARAH DELTEDESCO

Appeal from the Chancery Court for Wayne County
No. 2009-cv-4600 Stella L. Hargrove, Judge (by interchange)1

No. M2009-02218-COA-R3-CV - Filed September 21, 2010

This appeal involves a petition for writ of certiorari filed by a prisoner seeking review of a
disciplinary conviction. The respondents did not oppose the issuance of the writ, and a
certified copy of the record of the disciplinary proceedings was filed with the trial court. The
respondents filed a motion for judgment on the record. After review of the parties’ briefs and
the administrative record, the trial court granted the respondents’ motion for judgment on the
record. The petitioner inmate appeals. We affirm.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Affirmed

H OLLY M. K IRBY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which A LAN E. H IGHERS, P.J.,
W.S., and J. S TEVEN S TAFFORD, J., joined.

Petitioner/Appellant George Campbell, Jr., Clifton, Tennessee, pro se

Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter, Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General,
and Kellena Baker, Nashville, Tennessee, for the Respondents/Appellees, Tennessee
Department of Correction, et al.

1
This matter was filed in the Chancery Court of Wayne County, Tennessee, and adjudicated by the Honorable
Stella L. Hargrove, Judge of the Circuit Court of Wayne County. The record is unclear, but we presume
Judge Hargrove was sitting by interchange on this matter.
 MEMORANDUM OPINION 2

F ACTS AND P ROCEDURAL H ISTORY

Petitioner/Appellant George Campbell, Jr. (“Mr. Campbell”), is an inmate in the
custody of Respondent/Appellee the Tennessee Department of Correction (“TDOC”). TDOC
contracted with the Corrections Corporation of America (“CCA”) to operate the South
Central Correctional Facility (“South Central”) in Clifton, Wayne County, Tennessee. At all
pertinent times, Mr. Campbell has been housed at South Central. Inmate disciplinary matters
at South Central are handled pursuant to TDOC’s Uniform Disciplinary Procedures.3

On February 11, 2009, South Central mail clerk Respondent/Appellee Sara Deltedesco 4
(“Officer Deltedesco”) received an envelope addressed to Mr. Campbell. Officer Deltedesco
believed the envelope looked suspicious, so she alerted her supervisors. CCA employee
Lieutenant Huffman5 escorted Mr. Campbell to the mail room, where Mr. Campbell was
directed to sign the mail room log book for receipt of his mail, including the envelope in
question. There is some dispute about whether Mr. Campbell signed the mail room log book.
At any rate, the envelope was opened and determined to contain tobacco, which is considered
contraband.

2
Rule 10. Memorandum Opinion

This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm, reverse
or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal opinion
would have no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum opinion it shall
be designated “MEMORANDUM OPINION”, shall not be published, and shall not be cited
or relied on for any reason in any unrelated case.

Tenn. R. App. P. 10.
3
Under Tennessee Code Annotated § 41-24-110, a contract for correctional services may not delegate the
authority of the TDOC Commissioner to take disciplinary actions against inmates. T.C.A. § 41-24-110(5)
(2006). Consequently, the TDOC’s Uniform Disciplinary Procedures provide for the appointment of a
liaison between the Department and a privately managed prison facility to review and approve or modify
recommendations of the facility’s employee-staffed disciplinary board. See Mandela v. Campbell, 978
S.W.2d 531, 532-33 (Tenn. 1998). The Uniform Disciplinary Procedures refer to this liaison as the
“Commissioner’s Designee.” Id. at 532.
4
Officer Deltedesco is at times referred to as “Sara Hisle” in the appellate record.
5
The record does not reveal Lieutenant Huffman’s first name.

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The next day, Mr. Campbell was served with a disciplinary report charging him with
possession of tobacco, a Class B disciplinary infraction.6 A hearing before the TDOC
Disciplinary Board was scheduled and then continued four times. The first continuance was
at Mr. Campbell’s request, to prepare his defense of the charge. The Board chairperson and
hearing officer, Respondent/Appellee Stephen Payne (“Payne”), continued the hearing three
times, twice due to scheduling conflicts and once because of Officer Deltedesco’s absence.

On March 13, 2009, the Board conducted a hearing on the charge against Mr. Campbell. Mr.
Campbell was represented at the hearing by an inmate advisor. Officer Deltedesco and
Lieutenant Huffman testified, and Mr. Campbell’s advisor questioned both. Officer
Deltedesco said that Mr. Campbell signed for the envelope containing the tobacco, while
Mr. Campbell maintained that he did not. A photograph of the tobacco and the envelope
addressed to Mr. Campbell containing the tobacco were introduced into evidence at the
hearing.

After considering the evidence and the testimony, the Board found Mr. Campbell guilty of
the offense. As punishment for the infraction, the Board recommended that Mr. Campbell
receive a four dollar fine and five days of probation with the sentence suspended. Five days
later, the Commissioner’s Designee, Respondent/Appellee Carolyn Jordan, reviewed and
approved the Board’s recommendation.

Mr. Campbell appealed the conviction on the disciplinary infraction to South Central’s
Warden, Respondent/Appellee Cherry Lindamood, who concurred in the decision. Mr.
Campbell then appealed to TDOC Assistant Commissioner, Respondent/Appellee Reuben
Hodge, who likewise affirmed the conviction on April 2, 2009.

On May 18, 2009, Mr. Campbell filed the instant petition for a common law writ of
certiorari, pro se, seeking judicial review of his disciplinary offense conviction. TDOC was
named as Respondent. Also named as Respondents were Assistant Commissioner Hodge,
Commissioner’s Designee Jordan, Warden Lindamood, Disciplinary Board Chairperson
Payne, Officer Deltedesco, and shift-supervisor Officer Gregory Ponds.

In the petition, Mr. Campbell alleged substantial, prejudicial deviations from TDOC policies
and procedures. Mr. Campbell’s petition alleged that (1) the Commissioner’s Designee did
not observe or review his disciplinary hearing, as required; (2) his disciplinary hearing was
continued three times by the hearing officer, who lacked the authority to grant such a

6
Apparently, Mr. Campbell did not take physical possession of the envelope containing tobacco. Rather, it
was alleged that he came into “possession” of the envelope within the meaning of TDOC policies by signing
for it in the mail room log book.

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continuance; (3) his disciplinary proceedings were not fair and impartial because he was
denied an opportunity to view the evidence presented against him; (4) he was denied the right
to call Lt. Huffman as a witness; (5) the disciplinary report failed to adequately state an
offense; (6) the mailed envelope was opened without his being present; and (7) the mail was
not properly returned to sender under TDOC policy.

In July 2009, the Respondents filed a notice that they did not oppose the granting of the
petition. Consequently, the trial court entered an order granting the petition for a writ of
certiorari, and directing the Respondents to prepare, certify, and file with the trial court the
record of Mr. Campbell’s disciplinary proceedings. The record was then filed with the trial
court.

Subsequently, TDOC moved for dismissal of Respondents Lindamood, Ponds, Payne, and
Deltedesco on the basis that these individuals were employed by Corrections Corporation of
America, not TDOC. On August 6, 2009, the trial court granted the motion, and the order
of dismissal was certified as final pursuant to Rule 54.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil
Procedure.

After the certified record of Mr. Campbell’s disciplinary proceedings was filed, TDOC filed
a motion for judgment on the record. Mr. Campbell filed a motion seeking an extension of
time to respond to TDOC’s motion for judgment on the record. This motion was not granted.

The trial court granted TDOC’s motion for judgment on the record. The trial court found
that the disciplinary hearing officer was presented with sufficient evidence to find Mr.
Campbell guilty of the offense, that Mr. Campbell was provided with a fair and impartial
hearing because he was given the opportunity to testify on his own behalf and to present a
defense, and that Mr. Campbell was not denied the right to present the testimony of Lt.
Huffman, who was present at the hearing. The trial court also determined that there were no
violations of TDOC policy because Mr. Campbell was not prevented from viewing the
adverse documentary evidence that was presented at the hearing. Additionally, the trial court
found that the continuances of the hearing were in compliance with TDOC policy and that
the Commissioner’s designee was not required to observe the hearing. Finally, the trial court
found that Mr. Campbell’s petition failed to state a due process claim because his punishment
did not implicate minimal due process requirements.

Mr. Campbell now appeals.

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 ISSUES ON A PPEAL AND S TANDARD OF R EVIEW

On appeal, Mr. Campbell asserts that (1) the trial court erred in dismissing his writ of
certiorari; (2) the Board’s decision is without evidentiary support; (3) the record indicates
that the Board acted illegally, fraudulently, arbitrarily, and beyond the scope of its
jurisdiction, and that the Board violated TDOC disciplinary procedures; (4) the trial court
erred in finding that Mr. Campbell’s punishment consisted only of a $4.00 fine and five days’
probation/suspended sentence; and (5) the trial court erred in dismissing Corrections
Corporation of America employees Lindamood, Payne, Ponds, and Deltedesco from the
lawsuit.

The common-law writ of certiorari is the proper procedural vehicle through which a prisoner
may seek review of the decision of the Disciplinary Board. See Willis v. TDOC, 113 S.W.3d
706, 712 (Tenn. 2003). The issuance of the writ, however, is not an adjudication of anything;
it is simply an order to the administrative tribunal to file the complete record of its
proceedings with the trial court, so that the trial court can determine whether the petitioner
is entitled to relief. Keen v. TDOC, No. M2007-00632-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 539059, at
*2 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb.25, 2008) (citing Hawkins v. TDOC, 127 S.W.3d 749, 757 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 2002); Hall v. McLesky, 83 S.W.3d 752, 757 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001)). Once the
administrative record has been filed, “the reviewing court may proceed to determine whether
the petitioner is entitled to relief without any further motions, and if the court chooses,
without a hearing.” Jackson v. TDOC, No. W2005-02240-COA-R3-CV, 2006 WL 1547859,
at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 8, 2006) (citing Jeffries v. TDOC, 108 S.W.3d 862, 868 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 2002)).

The grounds for relief under a writ of certiorari are quite limited. Review is limited to
whether “the inferior board or tribunal (1) has exceeded its jurisdiction, or (2) has acted
illegally arbitrarily, or fraudulently.” State ex rel. Moore & Associates, Inc. v. West, 246
S.W.3d 569, 574 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2005) (citing Petition of Grant, 987 S.W.3d 842, 844-45
(Tenn. 1996). The reviewing court “may not (1) inquire into the intrinsic correctness of the
lower tribunal's decision, (2) reweigh the evidence, or (3) substitute its judgment for that of
the lower tribunal.” Keen, 2008 WL 539059, at *2; see also Arnold v. Tenn. Bd. of Paroles,
956 S.W.2d 478, 480 (Tenn. 1997); Powell v. Parole Eligibility Review Bd., 879 S.W.2d
871, 873 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1994). Thus, a trial court’s scope of review under the writ of
certiorari does not involve an inquiry into the intrinsic correctness of the decision reached
by the administrative tribunal, but only the manner in which the decision was reached. Meeks
v. TDOC, No. M2007-01116-COA-R3-CV, 2008 WL 2078054 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 15,
2008); Keen, 2008 WL 539059, at *2. Accordingly, “[a]bsent a showing of some illegality
or arbitrariness in the proceedings, a dispute over the outcome of a prison disciplinary
hearing does not state a claim for writ of certiorari.” Meeks v. Traughber, No.

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M2003-02077-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 280746, *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb.4, 2005). The
reviewing court also looks to whether the record contains any material evidence to support
the Board’s findings. Jackson, 2006 WL 1547859, at *3 (citing Watts v. Civil Serv. Bd. of
Columbia, 606 S.W.2d 274, 276-77 (Tenn. 1980)). The common law writ of certiorari has
been used to remedy (1) fundamentally illegal rulings; (2) proceedings inconsistent with
essential legal requirements; (3) proceedings that effectively deny a party his day in court;
(4) decisions beyond the authority of the lower tribunal; and (5) plain and palpable abuses
of discretion. Willis, 113 S.W.3d at 712 (citing State v. Willoughby, 594 S.W.2d 388, 392
(Tenn. 1980)).

A NALYSIS

At Mr. Campbell’s disciplinary hearing before the Board, it was undisputed that an envelope
containing contraband, namely tobacco, was mailed to the prison facility, and addressed to
Mr. Campbell. The factual dispute at the hearing was whether Mr. Campbell came into
“possession” of the envelope within the meaning of TDOC policy by signing for the envelope
in the mail room log book. Mr. Campbell maintained that he did not. The mail room clerk,
Officer Deltedesco, testified that Mr. Campbell signed the log book. The mail room log book
itself was not entered into evidence at the hearing.

At the outset, Mr. Campbell asserts that the decision by the Board is unsupported by material
evidence, because the mail room log book he allegedly signed was not entered into evidence
and he was not allowed to review it. However, he cites no TDOC policies or other authority
entitling him to see documents not entered into evidence, or requiring that the log book be
entered into evidence. Disciplinary reporting official Officer Deltedesco testified at Mr.
Campbell’s disciplinary hearing that Mr. Campbell signed for the package containing four
envelopes of tobacco. Clearly the Board found Officer Deltedesco’s testimony to be
credible. It is the function of the prison disciplinary board in the first instance to evaluate the
credibility of the witnesses who appear at the hearing. State v. Brazelton, No. M1999-
02477-CCA-R3-CD, 2000 WL 1717560, at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000) (citing State v. Prueh,
788 S.W.2d 559, 561). A court reviewing such a board’s decision must defer to the board’s
determinations on the witnesses’ credibility. Id.

Additionally, TDOC entered into evidence photographs of the tobacco and the envelope
containing the tobacco, addressed to Mr. Campbell. Only “some evidence” is required to
uphold a disciplinary conviction. Perry v. Campbell, 2001 WL 46988 at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App.
2001). The reviewing court looks to whether the record contains material evidence to
support the Board’s findings. Jackson, 2006 WL 1547859, at *3 (citing Watts, 606 S.W.2d
at 276-77). The testimony provided by Officer Deltedesco, the photographs of the tobacco,

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and the envelope addressed to Mr. Campbell, taken altogether, clearly constitute material
evidence to support the Board’s findings.

Mr. Campbell additionally claims that he was denied the right to present testimony from a
witness. Specifically, Mr. Campbell asserts that his request to have Lt. Huffman present as
a witness at the hearing was denied. In response, TDOC asserts that its policy requires an
inmate to file a witness request with the disciplinary board hearing officer at least twenty-
four hours before the hearing, and that Mr. Campbell failed to do so. Regardless, Lt.
Huffman was in fact present and testified at Mr. Campbell’s disciplinary hearing. Therefore,
TDOC’s handling of any witness request that may have been made by Mr. Campbell had no
bearing on his ability to present Lt. Huffman’s testimony. Although Mr. Campbell asserts
that TDOC falsified records regarding Lt. Huffman’s testimony, he points to nothing in the
record to support his assertion. Accordingly, this issue is without merit.

Mr. Campbell also asserts that the continuances of his hearing violated TDOC policy; he
claims that only the Warden or the Commissioner’s Designee may request such a
continuance. In response, TDOC points to its policy permitting the following parties to
request a continuance of a disciplinary hearing: the inmate himself, the inmate/staff advisor,
the reporting employee, and the warden/designee/Commissioner’s designee at a privately
managed facility.7 The policy also states that “at any time during the formal disciplinary
process, the disciplinary hearing officer . . . may order that the hearing be continued.” Mr.
Campbell’s hearing was continued a total of four times — once by him in order to prepare
his defense, and three times by the disciplinary board chairperson/ hearing officer. This was
in accordance with TDOC policy. This issue is also without merit.

Mr. Campbell argues that the Board’s hearing was conducted illegally because the
Commissioner’s Designee was required to observe the hearing, rather than simply review the
recommendation of the Board. As noted above, under Tennessee Code Annotated § 41-24-
110, the TDOC Commissioner’s authority to discipline inmates may not be delegated to a

7
TDOC Policy 502.01(J)(1) provides:

Any or all of the following parties may request a continuance of the SCHEDULED hearing:

a. Inmate who is the subject of the hearing
b. Inmate/staff advisor
c. Reporting employee
d. Warden/designee/CD at privately managed facility

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private contractor for correctional services.8 Pursuant to this statute, TDOC policies provide
as follows:

At privately managed facilities, the Commissioner’s designee shall observe all
Class A disciplinary hearings and all Class B hearings where good conduct
credits may potentially be lost and approve and/or modify recommendations
at this time. The Commissioner’s designee shall review and approve or
modify recommendations of the disciplinary hearing officer for Class B or C
infractions upon completion of the hearing and before sanctions are imposed.

TDOC Policy #502.01(VI)(L)(3). Mr. Campbell appears to acknowledge that the
Commissioner’s Designee is not required to be present unless “good conduct credits may
potentially be lost” as a result of his conviction of the disciplinary offense. However, in a
related issue, Mr. Campbell insists that the punishment imposed on him for his infraction
included raising his custody level from minimum restrictions to medium restrictions, and that
this in fact affects his good conduct credits. Consequently, he argues, the Commissioner’s
Designee was required to be present at his hearing.

We have thoroughly reviewed the record on appeal. The administrative record that is the
subject of this appeal states clearly that the punishment assessed against Mr. Campbell for
his offense was a $4.00 fine and five days probation/suspension. No more and no less. The
only mention of the additional punishment asserted by Mr. Campbell is in his pleadings.
Accordingly, we must reject this issue on appeal as well.

Finally, Mr. Campbell claims that the trial court erred in dismissing the Corrections
Corporation of America employees Cherry Lindamood, Stephen Payne, Gregory Ponds, and
Sara Deltedesco. The dismissal of these employees from the lawsuit is not an issue properly
before the Court. The trial court issued the amended order granting the motion to dismiss

8
The statute provides:

Powers and duties not delegable to contractor. – No contract for correctional services shall
authorize, allow or imply a delegation of the authority or responsibility of the commissioner
to a prison contractor for any of the following:
****

(5) Granting, denying or revoking sentence credits; placing an inmate under less restrictive
custody or more restrictive custody; or taking any disciplinary actions.

TENN . CODE ANN . § 41-24-110(5) (2010).

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filed by Lindamood, Payne, Ponds and Deltedesco on August 19, 2009, that was made final
and appealable under Rule 54.02 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure. Under
Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a), any notice of appeal “...shall be filed with and
received by the clerk of the trial court within 30 days after the date of the entry of the
judgment appealed from.” T ENN. R. A PP. P. 4. Mr. Campbell filed no such appeal.
Therefore, this issue may not be raised in this appeal.

C ONCLUSION

The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs on appeal are to be taxed to
Appellant George Campbell, Jr., for which execution may issue, if necessary.

_______________________________________
HOLLY M. KIRBY, JUDGE

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