IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs March 30, 2010
AUTHOR RAY TURNER v. DAVID MILLS, WARDEN and the STATE OF
TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Morgan County
No. 9422 E. Eugene Eblen, Judge
No. E2009-00194-CCA-R3-HC - Filed May 13, 2010
The petitioner, Author Ray Turner, claims that the habeas corpus court erred in summarily
dismissing his petition for writ for habeas corpus relief. The petition claims that his sentence
is illegal because his release eligibility of 30 percent violates statutory law requiring that he
served 100 percent of his sentence as a “multiple rapist.” See T.C.A. § 39-13-523 (Supp.
1994). We agree that the defendant’s aggravated rape sentences are illegal and that the
habeas corpus court erred in summarily dismissing his claim. We remand to the Morgan
County Circuit Court for appointment of counsel and a hearing to determine the proper
remedy.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Circuit Court Reversed and Remanded
J AMES C URWOOD W ITT, J R., J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which D. K ELLY
T HOMAS, J R., and C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, JJ., joined.
Author Ray Turner, Wartburg, Tennessee, pro se.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; and Benjamin A. Ball, Assistant
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
In November 1995, the petitioner pleaded guilty pursuant to an agreement to
one count of especially aggravated kidnapping, one count of aggravated robbery, and two
counts of aggravated rape. The trial court sentenced him to 20 years’ incarceration for each
aggravated rape conviction, 20 years’ incarceration for his especially aggravated kidnapping
conviction, and 10 years’ incarceration for his aggravated robbery conviction. The trial court
ordered the petitioner’s kidnapping and robbery convictions be served concurrently to each
other and that the rape sentences be served concurrently to each other. The court ordered that
20-year sentence imposed for especially aggravated kidnapping and aggravated robbery be
served consecutively to the 20-year sentence imposed for the aggravated rapes for an
effective 40 years’ incarceration.
The petitioner filed a series of unsuccessful post-conviction petitions as well
as an untimely petition for writ of habeas corpus in federal court and an unsuccessful petition
for writ of habeas corpus in the Circuit Court for Hardeman County. The petitioner’s
previous state habeas corpus claim “alleg[ed] that he received an illegal sentence because he
was sentenced beyond the presumptive minimum sentence on each of his convictions to
which he pled guilty in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial as set forth in
Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004) and its progeny.” See Author Ray Turner v.
Stephen Dotson, Warden, No. W2008-00011-CCA-R3-HC, slip op. at 2 (Tenn. Crim. App.,
Jackson, July 1, 2008). This court upheld the habeas corpus court’s denial of the petitioner’s
writ. Id., slip op. at 3.
In the instant case, the petitioner again challenges the legality of his sentence.
He argues that his sentences and corresponding judgments, which reflect a 30 percent release
eligibility for each conviction, directly contradict the statutory mandate of Tennessee Code
Annotated section 39-13-523 that any offender convicted of two counts of aggravated rape
“shall be required to serve the entire sentence imposed by the court.” T.C.A. § 39-13-
523(a)(2), (b) (Supp. 1994). The petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on
December 9, 2008, and the habeas corpus court dismissed the petition on January 20, 2009,
ruling that the petitioner failed to make a cognizable claim for relief. The petitioner filed a
timely notice of appeal and asserts that the habeas corpus court erred in denying him a full
hearing and the appointment of counsel.
“The determination of whether habeas corpus relief should be granted is a
question of law.” Faulkner v. State, 226 S.W.3d 358, 361 (Tenn. 2007) (citing Hart v. State,
21 S.W.3d 901, 903 (Tenn. 2000)). Our review of the habeas corpus court’s decision is,
therefore, “de novo with no presumption of correctness afforded to the [habeas corpus]
court.” Id. (citing Killingsworth v. Ted Russell Ford, Inc., 205 S.W.3d 406, 408 (Tenn.
2006)).
The writ of habeas corpus is constitutionally guaranteed, see U.S. Const. art.
I, § 9, cl. 2; Tenn. Const. art. I, § 15, but has been regulated by statute for more than a
century, see Ussery v. Avery, 432 S.W.2d 656, 657 (Tenn. 1968). Tennessee Code Annotated
section 29-21-101 provides that “[a]ny person imprisoned or restrained of liberty, under any
pretense whatsoever, except in cases specified in [section] 29-21-102, may prosecute a writ
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of habeas corpus, to inquire into the cause of such imprisonment and restraint.” T.C.A. §
29-21-101 (2000). Despite the broad wording of the statute, a writ of habeas corpus may be
granted only when the petitioner has established a lack of jurisdiction for the order of
confinement or that he is otherwise entitled to immediate release because of the expiration
of his sentence. See Ussery, 432 S.W.2d at 658; State v. Galloway, 45 Tenn. (5 Cold.) 326
(1868). The purpose of the state habeas corpus petition is to contest a void, not merely a
voidable, judgment. State ex rel. Newsom v. Henderson, 424 S.W.2d 186, 189 (Tenn. 1968).
A void conviction is one which strikes at the jurisdictional integrity of the trial court. Archer
v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn. 1993); see State ex rel. Anglin v. Mitchell, 575 S.W.2d
284, 287 (Tenn. 1979); Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 627 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).
Because in the petitioner’s case the trial court apparently had jurisdiction over the actus reus,
the subject matter, and the person of the petitioner, the petitioner’s jurisdictional issues are
limited to the claims that the court was without authority to enter the judgments. See Anglin,
575 S.W.2d at 287 (“‘Jurisdiction’ in the sense here used, is not limited to jurisdiction of the
person or of the subject matter but also includes lawful authority of the court to render the
particular order or judgment whereby the petitioner has been imprisoned.”); see also Archer,
851 S.W.2d at 164; Passarella, 891 S.W.2d at 627.
Our review of the record shows that the petitioner was originally charged with
one count of especially aggravated kidnapping, one count of aggravated robbery, four counts
of aggravated rape, and one count of attempted aggravated rape. He pleaded guilty on
November 15, 1995, to the especially aggravated kidnapping count, the aggravated robbery
count, and two aggravated rape counts pursuant to a plea agreement. The written agreement
reflected that the petitioner agreed to serve a “[t]otal effective sentence of 40 y[ears], Range
I.” The plea hearing transcript reveals that the trial court ordered, pursuant to the plea
agreement, “a total effective sentence of . . . forty years as a range one offender with thirty
percent for all purposes.” The judgment forms for both counts of aggravated rape reflect that
the petitioner was classified as a Range I offender with 30 percent release eligibility and not
a multiple rapist.
First, we acknowledge that the defendant’s sentences for aggravated rape are
illegal on the face of the judgments. Our state’s multiple rapist statute requires that a
defendant who qualifies as a multiple rapist serve 100 percent of his sentence. See T.C.A.
§ 39-13-523.1 The statute defines a multiple rapist as an offender convicted two or more
times of rape or aggravated rape. See id. This court has noted that qualifying convictions
“render[] [a petitioner] ‘“a multiple rapist” as a matter of law,’ and neither the prosecutor nor
the judge c[an] deviate from the release eligibility requirement.” Andre Lamont Mayfield v.
1
Because the offenses occurred prior to the effective date of Code section 40-35-501(i)(2), 100
percent service of the especially aggravated kidnapping sentence was not required.
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State, No. M2004-01408-CCA-R3-HC, slip op. at 3 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, July 18,
2005) (quoting Mark A. Percy v. Tenn. Dep’t of Corr., No. M2001-01629-COA-R3-CV, slip
op. at 2 (Tenn. Ct. App., Nashville, Feb. 26, 2003)). Our supreme court has held that a
judgment allotting for sentencing credits contrary to the 100 percent service mandates of
Code section 39-13-523 was “void upon its face.” Smith v. Lewis, 202 S.W.3d 124, 128
(Tenn. 2006).
The State argues that the petitioner’s sentences are at most voidable and not
void. The State’s brief argues that a “guilty plea waives any irregularities as to offender
classification or release eligibility.” Hoover v. State, 215 S.W.3d 776, 780 (Tenn. 2007).
Although the State’s proposition of law is correct, we distinguish Hoover from the instant
case. In Hoover, the petitioner accepted a plea agreement as a Range I offender and a
sentence that exceeded the maximum penalty prescribed for a Range I offender. Id. at 777.
“Hoover argued that the sentence is illegal because it exceeds the maximum twenty-five-year
sentence statutorily authorized for a Range I offender convicted of second degree murder.”
Id. at 777-778 (citing T.C.A. § 40-35-112(a)(1) (2006)). Our supreme court held that
“[w]hile Hoover’s plea-bargained thirty-five-year sentence is outside the parameters of
Range I offenders, the plea-bargained sentence is well within the overall punishment range
authorized for Class A felony offenses, such as second degree murder.” Id. at 779. Although
the court noted that “offender classification and release eligibility are non-jurisdictional and
may be used as bargaining tools by the State and the defense in plea negotiations,” id. at 780,
it cautioned that “the State may not confer through plea negotiations release eligibility for
criminal offenses that are statutorily ineligible for early release,” id. at 780 n.4 (citing Smith,
202 S.W.3d at 128). Thus, our supreme court has explicitly distinguished cases involving
the flexibility of offender status and release eligibility in plea bargaining from cases, such
as the present case, where a statute specifically prohibits early release of an offender.
Our determination that the petitioner’s aggravated rape sentences are illegal
and void does not, however, end our inquiry. “[W]hen a petitioner attaches to his petition
documentation from the record showing that his sentence is indeed illegal, the trial court
must appoint counsel and hold a hearing to determine the scope of the remedy available to
the petitioner.” Summers v. Fortner, 267 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2008). Because the
habeas corpus court afforded no hearing or counsel to the petitioner, we must remand. In
Summers, this court provided a procedural guideline for the habeas corpus court on remand:
At such a hearing, the issue would be whether the illegal
sentence was a material element of a plea agreement with the
State, and the proof would be limited to the face of the record of
the underlying proceedings. If the record establishes that the
illegal sentence was not a bargained-for element of the plea
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agreement, then . . . the sentence is void, but the conviction
remains intact, and the only remedy is correction of the
sentence. If the record establishes that the illegal sentence was
a material part of a package deal, then the petitioner is entitled
to withdraw his plea if he cannot reach an agreement with the
State. See McConnell v. State, 12 S.W.3d 795, 800 (Tenn.
2000) (holding that withdrawal of the guilty plea is unnecessary
when the parties agree to replace an illegal sentence with a legal
one).
Id. at 6-7. We note that, from our review of the record, all relevant transcripts are attached;
however, we do not serve as a fact-finding court and must remand to the habeas corpus court
for determination of whether the original 30 percent release eligibility was a material
bargained-for element of the petitioner’s plea agreement.
Conclusion
Accordingly, the judgment of the habeas corpus court summarily dismissing
the petition for writ of habeas corpus is reversed, and the case is remanded to that court for
the appointment of counsel and an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the petitioner
is entitled to withdraw his guilty plea.
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JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., JUDGE
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