IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
February 17, 2005 Session
WANDA SHAW v. SHELBY COUNTY GOVERNMENT
A Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Shelby County
No. CT-005574-02 The Honorable Kay S. Robilio, Judge
No. W2004-01110-COA-R3-CV - Filed April 22, 2005
Shelby County employee appealed denial of review by the County’s Civil Service Merit
Board following elimination of her position. The Shelby County Circuit Court affirmed the denial
of a review by the Board because employee’s position was eliminated due to loss of funding as
opposed to disciplinary action against her. Employee appeals. We affirm.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID R. FARMER ,
J. and HOLLY M. KIRBY , J., joined.
Emma L. Cole of Memphis For Appellant, Wanda Shaw
Brian L. Kuhn, Shelby County Attorney; Robert B. Rolwing, Senior Assistant County Attorney, For
Appellee, Shelby County Government
OPINION
This case was submitted to the trial court upon Stipulations of Fact. For purposes of
consistency, we reproduce those facts herein:
12. Wanda Shaw [“Plaintiff,” or “Appellant”] began service with
Shelby County Government [“Defendant,” or “Appellee”] as a
durational1 employee in the Private Industry Council Grants program,
in the classified Civil Service Merit System on March 1, 1985,
completing her six (6) month probationary period on August 1, 1985.
13. In 1996, Wanda Shaw applied, qualified for, and was selected for
an Accounting position in the Shelby County Tax Assessor’s Office.
She began her position in the Assessor’s Office on June 15, 1996, and
served a six (6) [month] probationary term, becoming a regular
permanent employee in the Civil Service Merit System.2
14. Wanda Shaw’s position in the Tax Assessor’s Office was
eliminated pursuant to a reduction in force on June 11, 1999, and
pursuant to preferential placement rights was placed back into the
position in the Private Incentive Program.
15. Shelby County, by letter dated June 11, 1999, stated that it “will
honor all benefits and other commitments made to [Wanda Shaw],
and your civil rights will be protected.”3
1
The Shelby County Government Personnel Management System, a handbook made pursuant to the authority
of the Civil Service Merit System to make personnel policy and rules, defines a durational employee as follows:
“Durational employee” - - An employee who is employed for a specific period (i.e.
grant, contract or project) of twelve months or longer. Durational employees
receive all benefits and are considered to be in the classified service and the
equivalent of permanent employees except for the term nature of their employment.
2
The Shelby County Government Personnel M anagement System handbook defines “permanent employee”
as follows:
“Permanent employee” - - An employee whose permanent status has been approved
at the completion of the original employment probationary period and is eligible for
all benefits and rights under the Civil Service System.
3
This letter, from Rita Clark, Assessor of Property, to W anda Shaw, dated June 11, 1999, reads, in pertinent
part, as follows:
W ith the current budget cutbacks in Shelby County Government, it has become
necessary for us to restructure our operations to complete the 2001 Reappraisal in
a timely and efficient manner.
After carefully reviewing all departments within our office, we are eliminating the
six Accountant B positions in Personal Property. The audit work performed by
these positions will be outsourced along with the larger accounts now being handled
by an outside firm.
(continued...)
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16. On June 16, 2000, Wanda Shaw was hired as a durational
employee as a Grants Coordinator for a Juvenile Accountability
Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG), within the Shelby County Revenue
Department.
17. Wanda Shaw was informed by memorandum dated, August 3,
2001, that her position with the Shelby County Revenue Department
would end on September 30, 2001, because the grant which funded
the JAIBG program would no longer be received by Shelby County.4
18. Wanda Shaw was terminated from that position on September
30, 2001.
19. On October 3, 2001, Wanda Shaw sent a request to the Shelby
County Civil Service Merit Board, to appeal her termination to that
Board.5
3
(...continued)
Jay Bailey, our Director of Personnel, has already met with County Personnel
officials to put your name on the priority list for other Accountant B positions
within County Government. They will help us move you into openings as they
occur.
This decision was not made easily or lightly. W e weighed all the options available
and made our decision based on what was best for the overall operation and our
obligation to taxpayers. I appreciate your contributions to this office and will
support your efforts to move on within Shelby County Government.
W hile June 11, 1999 will be your last day at work, you will be paid through July 15,
1999, with the full amount included on your June 30 paycheck. We will honor all
benefits and other commitments made to you, and your civil service rights will be
protected.
4
The Memorandum from Martha Lott, M anager, to W anda Shaw, dated August 3, 2001, reads, in relevant part,
as follows:
This memo is to inform you that the JAIBG Coordinator position will end
September 30, 2001. This position will not be refunded with FY 2000 JAIBG
funds.
I talked with Danny Kail and Jim Martin who state that you applied for and were
hired into a durational position at PIC. Due to the durational status, there are no
preferential hiring rights.
5
A letter from Mark Allen, attorney, to Trish Monteil, Assistant Secretary for the Civil Service Merit Board,
dated October 3, 2001, reads, in pertinent part, as follows:
(continued...)
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20. On October 4, 2001, Danny Kail, then Shelby County
Administrator of Personnel, sent a letter denying Wanda Shaw’s
request for appeal, stating that since Wanda Shaw was not terminated
for disciplinary reasons, “she is not eligible to appeal to the Civil
Service Merit Board.”6
21. The Administrator of Personnel also stated in the October 4,
2001 letter that Wanda Shaw was a durational employee and therefore
had no placement rights.7
(Citations to Record omitted).
On September 30, 2002, Ms. Shaw filed a “Complaint for Violation of Due Process”against
the Shelby County Government. Concerning causes of action, Ms. Shaw’s Complaint reads as
follows:
16. The Defendant’s stated reason that the funding for the Plaintiff’s
position was no longer available was not the true reason for the
Plaintiff’s termination and the Defendant acted in bad faith to avoid
5
(...continued)
I hereby appeal the termination of M s. W anda Shaw from Shelby County
Government effective September 30, 2001 and request a hearing before the Shelby
County Civil Service Merit Board.
6
This letter reads, in relevant part, as follows:
The Shelby County Employee Handbook (p. 34) states the following:
“Civil Service M erit Board–For discipline involving a
demotion in rank or compensation, suspension without pay for
more than t[en] (10) days and termination.
To be eligible for a Civil Service Merit board appeal, an
employee must file a written reqBest with the Administrator of
Personnel within seven calendar days of receipt of the written
notice of the disciplinary action.”
It is our position that she was not terminated from her position for disciplinary
reasons. Therefore, she is not eligible to appeal to the Civil Service Merit Board.
Furthermore, Ms. Shaw was in a durational position and has no placement rights
within the Civil Service System. Ms. Shaw is welcome to apply for any position
that she meets the minimum qualifications for.
7
See footnote 6, supra.
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the Civil Service Merit System disciplinary requirements entitling the
Plaintiff to appeal a termination to the Civil Service Merit Board.
17. The Defendant violated its own Civil Service Merit Act,
Tennessee Private Acts of 1971 Chapter 110, as amended, when it
terminated the Plaintiff, a classified civil service employee without
cause.
18. The Defendant deprived the Plaintiff of her civil rights in
violation of 42 United States Code, Section 1983 when it terminated
the Plaintiff, a tenured employee, from her position without a pre-
termination or post-termination hearing depriving her of her job
without due process of law.
19. The Defendant has continued to violate the Shelby County Merit
Act, Tennessee Private Act of 1971 Chapter 110, as amended by its
failure and refusal to grant the Plaintiff priority placement over other
applicants, even though, the Plaintiff was a regular employee, not
durational when she was terminated, having gained her tenure as a
regular civil service employee after completing probation in the
County Assessor’s Office in 1996.
Ms. Shaw was allowed to amend her pleading. The Amended Complaint, filed on February 18,
2003, references the June 11, 1999 letter from the Shelby County Assessor, in which the Assessor
stated that Ms. Shaw’s civil service rights would be protected, see supra at footnote 3. The
Amended Complaint asserts that “at no time did the plaintiff waive her civil service status as a
regular employee.”
On February 20, 2003, Shelby County filed its Answer. The Answer asserts a violation of
the applicable statute of limitations and states that “at no time was [Ms. Shaw’s] status changed from
durational employee to regular employee;” that Ms. Shaw’s position was eliminated due to lack of
funding; and that because Ms. Shaw was not terminated for a disciplinary reason, she did not qualify
for a hearing before the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Board.
On September 16, 2003, the case was submitted to the trial court upon “Stipulations for Trial
on the Record.” The Stipulations included both statements of fact, see above, and of law.
On March 25, 2004, the trial court entered Judgment in favor of Shelby County. The
Judgment reads, in relevant part, as follows:
1. Wanda Shaw was a permanent employee under the Shelby County
civil service merit system from June 1996 to June 1999.
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2. That permanent status changed to a durational status when her
permanent position with the Shelby County Assessor was eliminated
and she accepted a grants coordinator position with the Shelby
County Revenue Department in June 2000.
3. The block grant which funded that grants coordinator position
ended in September 2001.
4. Ms. Shaw’s grants coordinator position was eliminated when the
grant which funded her position ended.
5. Ms. Shaw remained a durational employee at the time of
termination of her position in September 2001.
6. According to the language of Tennessee 1971 Private Acts,
chapter 110, creating the Civil Service Merit System of Shelby
County, as well as the Shelby County Government personnel
Management System handbook, set out in the Stipulations, a
durational employee is not entitled to a civil service hearing upon
elimination of the employee’s position for loss of funding.
7. For those reasons, Wanda Shaw is not entitled to a civil service
hearing before the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Board.
Ms. Shaw appeals from this Judgment and raises the following issue for review as stated in
her brief:
Whether the Appellant was entitled to a hearing before the Civil
Service Merit Board for her September 30, 2001, termination from
the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG) Program?
A. Whether the Appellant, who was in the classified service with
permanent employee status had the right to challenge her transfer
from permanent employee status to durational employee status in an
appeal to the Shelby County Civil Service Merit Board?
B. Whether the Appellant, who was told that her civil service rights
would be protected when she transferred from permanent status to
durational status, has a right to challenge her termination from
employment?
As noted above, this case was submitted to the trial court upon stipulations of fact. It is well
settled in Tennessee that, when a trial court is called upon to make a finding of fact based on
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uncontroverted evidence, its conclusion is one of law, and the appellate courts will review that
finding as a question of law. Billington v. Crowder, 553 S.W.2d 590, 595 (Tenn. Ct. App.1977);
Continental Ins. Co. v. Cooper, 58 Tenn. App. 316, 430 S.W.2d 661 (1968). As a question of law,
our review of the trial court’s Judgment is de novo upon the record with no presumption of
correctness accompanying the trial court’s conclusions of law. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Waldron
v. Delffs, 988 S.W.2d 182, 184 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998); Sims v. Stewart, 973 S.W.2d 597, 599-600
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1998).
Ms. Shaw first asserts that she had the right to challenge her transfer from permanent
employee status to durational employee status in an appeal to the Shelby County Civil Service Merit
Board. As set out above, in 1996, Ms. Shaw was hired for an Accounting position in the Shelby
County Tax Assessor’s Office. She completed her six month probationary period and became a
permanent employee. On June 11, 1999, her position in the Tax Assessor’s Office was eliminated
due to a reduction in force. At that time, Ms. Shaw received a letter from the Assessor of Property
(see footnote 3 above), which indicated that Shelby County would “honor all benefits and other
commitments made to you, and [that Ms.Shaw’s] civil rights [would] be protected.” On June 16,
2000, Ms. Shaw accepted a durational position with the Shelby County Revenue Department.
On appeal, Ms. Shaw asserts that the 1999 letter from the Assessor of Property in effect
allows her to maintain her status as a permanent employee despite the fact that she accepted a
durational position on June 16, 2000. Because her durational position was later eliminated, Ms.
Shaw now asserts that she should be able to challenge her reclassification from permanent to
durational employee. We disagree.
The Civil Service Merit System of Shelby County was created by the Tennessee Private Acts
of 1971, Chapter 110 (hereinafter, “the Act”) to provide a unified personnel system for employees
of the Shelby County Government. The Act provides in Section 21, “Appointments permanent:”
Except as otherwise provided in the Act, no employee
in the classified service who is not a durational
employee and who shall have successfully completed
the prescribed period of probation and therefore has
been permanently appoint or inducted into the
system under the provisions of this Act, shall be
dismissed, suspended, demoted or subjected to other
discipline, except for cause.
(Emphasis added).
Under Section 21 of the Act, when Ms. Shaw completed her probationary period and became
a permanent employee in the Tax Assessor’s Office in 1996, she gained a property interest in that
position. Consequently, she could only be removed from that position “for cause.” Section 22 of the
Act describes the types of “Disciplinary Action” that may be levied against an employee, to wit:
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For unsatisfactory performance of duties or other just cause, an
employee in the classified service may be subject to the following
discipline by the appointing authority:
(a) Reprimand;
(b) Suspension without pay for a period not to
exceed 30 days;
(c) Reduction in pay within allowable range
for class of employee;
(d) Demotion to a lower classification;
(e) Dismissal from service;
(f) Retirment under the terms of the
Retirement Act, as applicable.
In the first instance, there is no indication in this record that Ms. Shaw was terminated from her
position with the Tax Assessor’s Office for any disciplinary reason. Rather, the “Stipulations of
Fact” indicate that her job was lost as a result of a reduction in force. Section 23 of the Act, is
entitled “Reply to Discipline; appeal from discipline” and reads, in pertinent part, as follows:
Any employee demoted in rank or compensation, suspended without
pay for a period exceeding ten days, or dismissed, may, within seven
days after service of the order of demotion, suspension, or dismissal
as hereinabove provided, appeal to the board.
Consequently, even if we assume arguendo that Ms. Shaw had a cause of action under the Act, by
the terms of that Act, she had seven (7) days from her dismissal to file an appeal with the Board.
There is no indication in the record, that Ms. Shaw followed this procedure.
Again, there is no indication that Ms. Shaw lost her position in 1999 due to any disciplinary
action against her. In terms of Ms. Shaw’s rights in the case of a layoff, the Act provides in Section
25, “Layoff,” as follows:
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this
Act, in the event that conditions in any department or
office of the county or the financial condition of the
county necessitates a reduction in the workforce, the
required reduction shall be made in such class or
classes as the appointing authority designates.
Favorable consideration must, however, be given
toward retention of those employees in the highest
class of positions. If necessary to achieve their
retention employees may be temporarily demoted to
a lower class of position. The determination as to
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which employees within a particular class are to be
laid off rests with the sound discretion of the
appointing authority and will be based on such
considerations as service ratings, seniority and other
relevant factors. Any employee laid off or
temporarily demoted to a lower class of position
under this section shall be given priority over other
applicants to reinstatement to his former position or to
a comparable position in the system.
The Shelby County Government Personnel Management System handbook addresses layoffs and
reductions in force as follows:
Policy No. 411, “Layoffs”:
The appointing authority may separate any
permanent employee, without prejudice, because of
lack of funds, curtailment of work or reasons of
efficiency. The order of layoffs shall be based upon
performance ratings, length of service and other
pertinent factors under the formula established by the
Administrator [of Personnel]. No bumping is
permitted of other employees in other departments
who hold the same class position unless specified by
a bargaining unit agreement. The names of all
employees who are laid off shall be reported to the
Administrator by the department or agency, and at the
request of the individual employee, the administrator
shall place these names on a re-employment register.
No permanent employee, however, shall be separated
for such reason while there are emergency, temporary,
provisional, or probationary employees serving in the
same class or position in the County service.
The Shelby County Employee Handbook states as to reduction in force that:
In the event of a layoff, consideration will be given to
length of service and performance ratings. If laid off,
a regular classified employee may request the
Administrator of Human Resources to place his or her
name on a re-employment register that allows for
preferential placement for as long as one year.
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Following the reduction in force in 1999, Ms. Shaw accepted a position as a durational employee
with the Shelby County Revenue Department. There is no indication that she was caused to take this
position under any duress or coercion. Ms. Shaw’s permanent employee position with the Assessor
was one of six positions abolished as a result of a reduction in force and, according to the 1999 letter
the position were to “be outsourced along with the larger accounts now being handled by an outside
firm.” Before the notification letter was delivered to Ms. Shaw, the Assessor’s director of personnel
had “already met with County Personnel officials to put [Ms. Shaw’s] name on the priority list” for
other jobs in the County. Pursuant to the applicable sections of the Act and the Handbook dealing
with layoffs and reductions in force, it appears that Ms.Shaw’s civil service preferential re-
employment rights, as a permanent employee with the Assessor, were honored just as the Assessor
promised in the notification letter when Ms. Shaw was placed back into Shelby County employment
in her durational employee position as a Grants Coordinator.
Wanda Shaw was informed by memorandum, dated August 3, 2001, that her position as
Grants Coordinator with the Shelby County Revenue Department would end on September 30, 2001,
because the grant that funded the JAIBG program would no longer be received by Shelby County.
Ms. Shaw filed a notice of appeal with the Board within the seven (7) day period discussed above.
The Board denied her request to review the termination and Ms. Shaw asserts that such was in direct
violation of her civil rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. We disagree.
To support her position, Ms. Shaw relies upon this Court’s opinion in Armstrong v.
Tennessee Dep’t. of Veterans Affairs, 959 S.W.2d 595 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997). In that case, one
month after a change in the gubernatorial administration, Mr. Armstrong’s new superior “reclassified
Mr. Armstrong’s position from career service [i.e. civil service protection] to executive service
status. Only two days following the reclassification...[the new superior] terminated Mr. Armstrong
from this position.” Id. at 596. Unlike the case at bar, Mr. Armstrong’s case involved a blatant
subterfuge in that he was clearly reclassified in order to bypass due process. Here, no such
subterfuge is apparent from the stipulated facts. In addition, the civil service system at issue in
Armstrong provided that “Mr. Armstrong could not be deprived of his property right by ‘suspension,
demotion, dismissal, or any other action’ without minimal due process.” Id. at 598 (emphasis in
original). The Armstrong Court relied upon this language to rule that a hearing was required based
upon the subterfuge present in Mr. Armstrong’s case. In contrast, the Shelby County civil service
system provides for due process hearings under certain, specified circumstances that all arise from
disciplinary actions against an employee. We find nothing, however, in the Act that gives rise to a
right to a hearing if an employee’s position is abolished for a legitimate reason such as restructuring
or, as in the case at bar, the ending of a grant. As set out in 15A Am.Jur.2d Civil Service § 82
(2000):
As a general rule, the abolition of a civil service office or position in
the interests of economy may be done without notice or hearing to the
employee affected thereby, unless a statute requires notice and
hearing before the position is abolished. If such rights are provided to
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the employee, the failure to give them invalidates the abolishment of
the position.
The abolition of the position cannot be arbitrary or done in bad faith.
If the abolition of a position is not in good faith, the affected
employee has the right to a full hearing on the issue.
(Footnotes omitted).
Although we can find no Tennessee cases directly supporting the proposition set out in the
above section of Am.Jur.2d, other jurisdictions have long held that good faith abolishment of a civil
service position does not give rise to a right to a hearing. See, e.g., Wood v. Loveless, 244 Iowa 919,
58 N.W.2d 368 (1953) (“The authority which creates an office may abolish it, if it does so in good
faith.”); Covey v. City of Plainfield, 11N.J. 375, 94 A.2d 669 (1953) (“The city, however, could at
any time abolish plaintiff’s [position] for any legitimate reason...without first giving him a
hearing.”); City and County of Denver v. Norris, 131 Colo. 259, 281 P.2d 160 (1955) (“It may be
accepted as well established that civil service laws do not guarantee tenure positions that are no
longer required. Such positions may be abolished if, in good faith, such are considered to be no
longer a public necessity.”).
As discussed above, there is no indication in this record that Ms. Shaw was terminated from
her position as Grants Coordinator for any reason other than the loss of a grant. Likewise, there is
no indication that she was terminated from her position in the Tax Assessor’s Office for any reason
other than a legitimate reduction in force. In the absence of bad faith on the part of the employer,
as was the case in Armstrong, a legitimate abolishment of a civil service office or position does not
give rise to the right to a hearing under the Shelby County civil service system. As this Court stated
in Case v. Shelby County Civil Serv. Merit Board, 98 S.W.3d 167, 172 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2002) “[t]he
most fundamental element of due process is the opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in
a meaningful manner.” The Court goes on to say that due process requires an opportunity to confront
and cross-examine witnesses “where the decision to terminate employment turns on determinations
of issues of fact.” Id. at 175. In the instant case, there is a stipulation of fact indicating that Ms.
Shaw’s positions were eliminated because of “a reduction in force” and “because the grant which
funded the [position] would no longer be received by Shelby County.” There is no indication of
subterfuge or coercion. The positions are simply gone. Consequently, nothing would be gained by
a hearing.
For the foregoing reasons, the Judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of this appeal
are assessed against the Appellant, Wanda Shaw, and her surety.
__________________________________________
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W. FRANK CRAWFORD, PRESIDING JUDGE, W.S.
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