IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs August 2, 2005
ANTHONY LEON MOORE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. C-03-35 Donald H. Allen, Judge
No. W2004-02039-CCA-R3-PC - Filed September 12, 2005
The petitioner, Anthony Leon Moore, appeals from the post-conviction court’s denial of post-
conviction relief. On appeal, he contends that the post-conviction court erred in finding that he
received the effective assistance of counsel. Following our review, we affirm the denial of post-
conviction relief.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
J.C. MCLIN , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and NORMA MCGEE
OGLE , JJ. joined.
J. Colin Morris, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Anthony Leon Moore.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Seth P. Kestner, Assistant Attorney General;
James G. Woodall, District Attorney General; and Alfred Lynn Earls, Assistant District Attorney
General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
A Madison County jury convicted the petitioner of aggravated robbery, a Class B felony, and
aggravated burglary, a Class C felony. The trial court sentenced him as a Range II, multiple offender
to consecutive sentences of fifteen years for the aggravated robbery conviction and ten years for the
aggravated burglary conviction in the Tennessee Department of Correction. His convictions and
sentences were affirmed on direct appeal. See State v. Anthony Leon Moore, No.
W2000-02862-CCA-R3-CD, 2002 WL 1482667 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, Feb. 11, 2002)
perm. app. denied (Tenn. July 8, 2002). The petitioner moved for post-conviction relief alleging the
ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. More specifically, he alleged that trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to adequately investigate his case and prepare for trial.
FACTS PRESENTED TO THE JURY
The following facts are taken from this Court’s opinion on the direct appeal of the
petitioner’s convictions:
This case relates to the robbery of Larry Felts. The victim testified that he was an art
broker and that on November 4, 1999, he was in Madison County on a business trip.
He said that he was staying in a first-floor room at the Comfort Inn in Jackson and
that about 9:30 p.m., he was talking on the telephone to a client. He said that he was
smoking a cigarette and that he opened the room's sliding glass door to let in fresh
air. He said that suddenly, the glass door slammed open. He said that the defendant
ran into his room and put a black handgun, with clear tape on its handle, to his head.
The victim testified that he put the telephone down and told the defendant to take his
money and leave. He said that the defendant told him repeatedly that the defendant
was going to kill him. He said that the defendant picked up the telephone and that the
client, who was still on the line, told the defendant that the client was going to call
the police. He said that the defendant told the client, "I don't give a damn. I don't care
if you call the f* * *ing police because this is--I'm going to kill this mother f* * *er."
He said that the defendant stayed on the telephone with the client for about ten
minutes. He said that one time, the defendant dropped the gun and then challenged
the victim to try to get it. He said that otherwise, the defendant kept the gun pointed
at the victim's head during the robbery.
The victim testified that after the defendant hung up the telephone, the defendant
went through the victim's wallet, briefcase, and suitcase. He said that the defendant
took one hundred twenty dollars, a pack of cigarettes, and a red cigarette lighter. He
said that the defendant used the telephone to call someone to come and get the
defendant. He said that the defendant smoked a couple of cigarettes and that the
defendant stayed in his hotel room for thirty to forty-five minutes. The victim said
that he was not physically injured but that the defendant kissed him on his right cheek
before the defendant left the room. He said that as soon as the defendant left the
room, he shut the sliding glass door, locked it, and called the police.
The victim testified that the defendant was wearing a Dallas Cowboys jacket and a
stocking over his hair. He said that he could see the defendant's face clearly. He said
that the day after the robbery, Investigator Jeff Austin showed him a photograph array
and that he identified the robber's picture.
Terri Wallace testified that she knew the defendant and that he used to stay at her
house occasionally. She acknowledged that about November 5, 1999, Investigators
Austin and Golden came to her home and asked if they could search it. Ms. Wallace
gave them permission to search, and the investigators took a Dallas Cowboys jacket
that belonged to the defendant and a pellet gun from the house. At the time of the
search, the defendant was not at Ms. Wallace's house, and she had not seen him for
a couple of days. She said that her child had found the pellet gun outside and that it
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did not belong to anyone.
Investigator Jeff Austin of the Jackson Police Department testified that at 11:10 p.m.
on November 4, 1999, he got a telephone call at his home. He said that in response
to the call, he went to the Comfort Inn and that other officers were already present.
He said that he took the victim to the police department and that the victim gave a
formal statement. He said that after the victim gave a statement, he gave the victim
a chance to calm down and took the victim back to the Comfort Inn. He said that the
victim got a different room and spent the night at the hotel. He said that when he
returned to work the next morning, Crime Stoppers had gotten a tip that the
defendant robbed the victim. He said that based on the tip, he put together a
photograph array, took the array to the Comfort Inn, and showed the array to the
victim. He said that the victim identified the defendant as the robber.
Investigator Austin testified that he got a warrant to arrest the defendant. He said that
while he was obtaining the warrant, Crime Stoppers got another tip that the defendant
could be found at Terri Wallace's house. He said he and Investigator Rodney Golden
went to Ms. Wallace's residence and asked her if they could search her home for any
clothing or weapons that the defendant used in the robbery. He said that Ms. Wallace
gave them permission to search and that they found a Dallas Cowboys jacket with a
red lighter in one of the pockets. He said that they also found a Marksman BB gun
upstairs in a chest of drawers. He said that the lighter and the gun were tested for
fingerprints but that no usable prints were obtained. He said that the victim's hotel
room was also tested for fingerprints but that no usable prints were found on the
room's telephone or sliding glass door.
The prosecution showed Investigator Austin an evidence bag containing a Marksman
BB gun, and he identified it as the gun that was found in Ms. Wallace's residence.
When the prosecution asked Investigator Austin if the gun was secured in order that
it could not be fired, he answered that it did not have a trigger housing in it. On cross-
examination, Investigator Austin testified that when he and Investigator Golden
found the gun, the gun's top slide would fall off and that the gun had clear tape on its
slide and body.
Sergeant Jim Collum of the Jackson Police Department testified that on November
7, 1999, the police department received information that the defendant was at an
apartment complex. He said that he went to the complex and found the defendant
hiding in some shrubbery. He said that he arrested the defendant and escorted him to
a police car. He said that without being asked any questions, the defendant stated, "I
didn't do all these by myself" and "How many have ya'll charged me with?"
The defendant testified that about 9:00 or 9:30 p.m. on November 4, 1999, he was
buying a pack of cigarettes at a store. He said that when he left the store, the victim
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confronted him and asked him about restaurants or nightclubs where the victim could
get a drink. He said that he offered to show the victim some nightclubs and that the
two of them walked in the direction of the clubs. He said that he asked the victim if
the victim wanted to smoke marijuana and that the victim said yes. He said that he
and the victim smoked a marijuana cigarette and then went back to the victim's hotel
room to have a drink. He said that they drank whiskey and smoked another marijuana
cigarette. The defendant testified that he left the hotel to buy a can of beer at a nearby
gas station.
The defendant testified that when he returned to the victim's hotel room, the sliding
glass door was open and that he walked into the room. He said that the victim was
on the telephone. He said that the victim hung up the telephone and asked the
defendant if the defendant could get more marijuana. The defendant said that he told
the victim that he could get more marijuana for eighty dollars. He said that the victim
gave him the money and that he left the victim's room. He said that he kept the eighty
dollars and did not get the drugs for the victim.
The defendant denied having a gun on November 4, taking the victim's red lighter,
or making any statements to Sergeant Collum. He acknowledged that the Dallas
Cowboys jacket that the police found at Ms. Wallace's home belonged to him. On
cross-examination, he said that he owned the red lighter. The defendant said that after
Sergeant Collum arrested him, Sergeant Collum read him his rights and that he
elected to remain silent and did not say anything to Sergeant Collum. He said that
Sergeant Collum and the victim were lying. He said that the victim was mad at him
for taking the victim's money. He acknowledged being convicted in 1993 for theft of
property valued over one thousand dollars.
The victim was called as a rebuttal witness and testified that he had never seen the
defendant before the robbery. He denied going to clubs with the defendant or having
a drink with him. He said that the defendant took one hundred twenty dollars, a pack
of cigarettes, and a red lighter from him. Sergeant Collum was called as a rebuttal
witness and testified that he never Mirandized the defendant. He said that
investigators, not patrol officers, Mirandized suspects.
The jury found the defendant guilty of aggravated robbery and aggravated burglary.
It assessed fines of fifteen thousand dollars and five thousand dollars respectively.
Moore, 2002 WL 1482667 at *1-3.
PROOF AT THE HEARING
At the post-conviction relief hearing, trial counsel testified that she represented the petitioner
at trial. She testified that she was appointed to represent the petitioner on his arraignment date of
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February 18, 2000. Counsel testified that she obtained a discovery packet and plea offer from the
prosecutor which she hand-delivered and conveyed to the petitioner. Further, she testified that the
petitioner refused to accept any offer that did not include probation. Counsel testified that she
prepared and filed motions on petitioner’s behalf including a Motion for Bond Reduction, which was
denied by the trial court. Counsel testified that she explained to the petitioner that aggravated
robbery was not a probatable offense. She testified that she interviewed witnesses on the face of the
indictment as that was her practice and had her cases investigated. Counsel testified that the
petitioner was not happy with her representation and that petitioner was looking for post-conviction
issues. She stated that the petitioner wrote letters to the judge, the Board of Professional
Responsibility and to her boss concerning his dislike of her representation. She testified that the
petitioner refused to accept her professional judgment and this continued throughout the trial.
Counsel testified that regardless of how the petitioner felt about her, that she fully prepared for the
case and acted in a professional manner. Counsel further testified that she did not object as often
as petitioner would have liked at trial because she did not want to alienate the jury by “over
objecting.”
The petitioner testified that he withheld information from his trial counsel because he felt
uncomfortable with her. Petitioner challenged the extent of trial counsel’s investigation and was of
the opinion that more witnesses should have been interviewed and called upon to testify on his
behalf. However, petitioner failed to name any additional witnesses needing to be interviewed and
the substance of their testimony.
POST-CONVICTION COURT’S FINDINGS
The post-conviction court filed exemplary written findings of fact and conclusions of law.
It accredited the testimony of trial counsel and found the petitioner’s trial counsel did adequately
prepare, investigate, and represent petitioner at trial. It further found that the evidence was sufficient
to support the convictions for both aggravated robbery and aggravated burglary and that petitioner
failed to prove any violations of his constitutional rights. The court found that many of the grounds
and issues alleged in the petitioner’s petition had been previously determined or waived and that
petitioner simply failed to produce sufficient proof to support his allegations of ineffective assistance
of counsel.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
To succeed on a post-conviction claim, the petitioner must prove the allegations set forth in
his petition by clear and convincing evidence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). On appeal, this
Court is required to affirm the post-conviction court’s findings unless the petitioner proves that the
evidence preponderates against those findings. State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3rd 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999).
Those findings of fact are afforded the weight of a jury verdict, and this Court is bound by the
findings unless the evidence in the record preponderates against those findings. Henley v. State, 960
S.W.2d 572, 578 (Tenn. 1997); Alley v. State, 958 S.W.2d 138, 147 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997). This
court may not re-weigh or re-evaluate the evidence, nor substitute its inferences for those drawn by
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the post-conviction court. State v. Honeycutt, 54 S.W.3d 762, 766 (Tenn. 2001). However, the post-
conviction court’s conclusions of law are reviewed under a purely de novo standard with no
presumption of correctness. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
In order to prove ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must prove (1) that
counsel’s performance was deficient, and (2) that the deficiency was prejudicial in terms of rendering
a reasonable probability that the result of the trial was unreliable or the proceedings were
fundamentally unfair. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). In Baxter v. Rose, 523
S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975), our supreme court established that the services rendered should be
within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases. Further, the court stated
that the range of competence was to be measured by the duties and criteria set forth in Beasley v.
United States, 491 F.2d 687 (6th Cir. 1974), and United States v. DeCoster, 487 F.2d 1197 (D.C. Cir.
1973).
In Beasley, the court stated:
[T]he assistance of counsel required under the Sixth Amendment is counsel
reasonably likely to render and rendering reasonably effective assistance. It is a
violation of this standard for defense counsel to deprive a criminal defendant of a
substantial defense by his own ineffectiveness or incompetence. . . . Defense counsel
must perform at least as well as a lawyer with ordinary training and skill in the
criminal law and must conscientiously protect his client’s interest, undeflected by
conflicting considerations. . . . Defense counsel must investigate all apparently
substantial defenses available to the defendant and must assert them in a proper and
timely manner.
491 F.2d at 696 (citations omitted). In DeCoster, the court stated:
In General--Counsel should be guided by the American Bar Association Standards
for the Defense Function. They represent the legal profession’s own articulation of
guidelines for the defense of criminal cases.
Specifically--(1) Counsel should confer with his client without delay and as often as
necessary to elicit matters of defense, or to ascertain that potential defenses are
unavailable. Counsel should discuss fully potential strategies and tactical choices
with his client.
(2) Counsel should promptly advise his client of his rights and take all actions
necessary to preserve them. . . . Counsel should also be concerned with the accused’s
right to be released from custody pending trial, and be prepared, where appropriate,
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to make motions for a pre-trial psychiatric examination or for the suppression of
evidence.
(3) Counsel must conduct appropriate investigations, both factual and legal, to
determine what matters of defense can be developed. The Supreme Court has noted
that the adversary system requires that “all available defenses are raised” so that the
government is put to its proof. This means that in most cases a defense attorney, or
his agent, should interview not only his own witnesses but also those that the
government intends to call, when they are accessible. The investigation should
always include efforts to secure information in the possession of the prosecution and
law enforcement authorities. And, of course, the duty to investigate also requires
adequate legal research.
487 F.2d at 1203-04.
In reviewing counsel’s conduct, a “fair assessment of attorney performance requires that
every effort be made to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct the circumstances
of counsel’s challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from counsel’s perspective at the time.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689; see Nichols v. State, 90 S.W.3d 576, 587 (Tenn. 2002). Accordingly,
the fact that a particular strategy or tactic hurt the defense does not, alone, support a claim of
ineffective assistance. Deference is made for sound trial strategy if the choices are informed and
based upon adequate preparation. See Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996).
ANALYSIS
Upon review, we conclude that the record supports the post-conviction court’s findings. The
petitioner’s claim that his trial counsel was ineffective is contradicted by trial counsel’s testimony
and some of the petitioner’s own admissions at the post-conviction hearing. Counsel’s testimony,
accredited by the post-conviction court, indicated that she promptly filed discovery motions, shared
and reviewed all available discovery with the petitioner, conveyed all plea offers to the petitioner,
contacted the petitioner a number of times prior to trial, investigated the case, interviewed potential
defense witnesses, attempted to locate the State’s witnesses, and made informed strategic decisions
regarding the petitioner’s case. Further, it is interesting to note that petitioner testified that he did
not reveal all the facts of his case to trial counsel prior to trial nor did petitioner present witnesses
in support of his defense at the post-conviction hearing. “When a petitioner contends that trial
counsel failed to discover, interview, or present witnesses in support of his defense, these witnesses
should be presented by the petitioner at the evidentiary hearing.” Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752,
757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). “As a general rule this is the only way the petitioner can establish that
(a) a material witness existed and the witness could have been discovered but for counsel’s neglect
in his investigation of the case, (b) a known witness was not interviewed, (c) the failure to discover
or interview a witness inured to his prejudice, or (d) the failure to have a known witness present or
call the witness to the stand resulted in the denial of critical evidence which inured to the prejudice
of the petitioner.” Id. Neither the post-conviction court nor this Court can speculate on what a
witness’ testimony might have been if introduced by trial counsel. Therefore, the petitioner failed
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to establish that he was prejudiced. Accordingly, it is clear from the record that the evidence at the
post-conviction hearing does not preponderate against the post-conviction court’s findings and the
petitioner is not entitled to relief on this issue.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
___________________________________
J.C. McLIN, JUDGE
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