IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
AUGUST 6, 2003 Session
MARY CATHERINE WATKINS v. BRYAN KEITH WATKINS
Direct Appeal from the Chancery Court for Rutherford County
No. 01-1958DR Royce Taylor, Chancellor
No. M2002-01777-COA-R3-CV - Filed December 30, 2003
This is an appeal from an order denying a Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 motion to set aside a default
judgment entered in favor of Wife in her divorce from Husband. For the following reasons, we
vacate the order of the trial court and remand for further proceedings.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court Vacated and
Remanded
ALAN E. HIGHERS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which W. FRANK CRAWFORD , P.J., W.S.,
and HOLLY M. KIRBY, J., joined.
Tusca R.S. Alexis, Luvell L. Glanton, Nashville, TN, for Appellant
Donald M. Bullorch, Murfreesboro, TN, for Appellee
MEMORANDUM OPINION1
Facts and Procedural History
Mary Catherine Watkins (“Wife”) filed her petition for divorce from Bryan Keith Watkins
(“Husband”) on January 23, 2001 in the Rutherford County Chancery Court. On January 28,
Husband was served with the complaint at the couple’s marital residence, where both parties were
still living at the time. The complaint set a date of January 31, 2001 for a hearing to determine the
temporary custody of the marital residence. This hearing was subsequently continued to February
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Rule 10 (C ourt of App eals). Memorandum Opinion. – (b) The Court with the concurrence of all judges
participating in the case, may affirm, reverse or modify the actions of the trial court by memorand um opinion when a
formal opinion would have no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum opinion it shall be
designated “MEM OR AN DU M OP INION ,” shall not be published, and shall not be cited o r relied on for any reason in
a subsequent unrelated case.
12, 2001. Husband did not appear at the hearing, nor did he file an answer. On March 3, 2001, Wife
filed a motion for default judgment, and a hearing was conducted on April 6, 2001, at which time
the lower court granted default judgment in favor of Wife. As part of its judgment, the trial court
awarded Wife the parties’ marital residence, their time share in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, a twenty-five
acre parcel of land in Normandy, Tennessee, all household goods and furnishings, a Plymouth
automobile, all assets and income from her hair salon, as well as a one-half interest in Husband’s
pension plan.
On May 25, 2001, Husband filed a Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 motion to set aside the default
judgment. Husband alleged that he took no action in the divorce proceeding because Wife deceived
him into believing that she would not pursue the matter. Husband gave several bases for this
allegation. First, he noted that Wife had previously filed for divorce multiple times and had failed
to pursue any of the actions to a conclusion. He maintained that Wife gave him assurances that she
would follow this pattern again by declining to follow up on her complaint for divorce. Husband
then argued that he was convinced by her assurances because the couple continued to live together
and share marital relations in the weeks following the filing of the complaint. Finally, Husband
maintained that he was unaware of any hearings or motions in the divorce proceedings because he
never received any notice of these developments. Husband did not dispute that he received the
complaint for divorce at 3509 Coleman Hill Road, Rockvale, TN 37153, the address of the parties’
marital residence. The record indicates that it was served on his person by a sheriff’s deputy.
Husband did contend, however, that he received no further correspondence regarding the divorce and
that Wife was responsible for this lack of notice throughout the proceedings. Specifically, Husband
argued that Wife hid any correspondence relating to the divorce so that he would remain ignorant.
Husband explained that Wife was in a unique position to control his receipt of mail because she was
the only one to retrieve the couple’s mail. This was because, beginning sometime in 2000, the
parties had all mail sent to the Coleman Hill address forwarded to a post office box in College
Grove, Tennessee. The post office box was near Wife’s place of work, so, for the sake of
convenience, she assumed the duty of picking up the couple’s mail each day. Husband argued that
Wife withheld or hid any correspondence relating to the divorce, effectively ensuring that Husband
would remain uninvolved in the litigation.
Wife denied all of Husband’s allegations, maintaining that she clearly indicated to Husband
her intent to go through with the instant divorce. She also argued that she dutifully delivered all
mailings pertaining to the litigation to Husband. The trial court allowed the parties to conduct
discovery, including depositions, on the limited issues raised in Husband’s rule 60.02 motion. After
considering the arguments and proof marshaled by each party, the lower court denied Husband’s
motion to set aside the default judgment on July 5, 2002. Upon Wife’s motion, the trial court also
directed Husband to pay the $6,825 in attorney’s fees incurred by Wife in defending the rule 60.02
motion. Husband then timely filed the instant appeal challenging the judgment of the lower court.
Issues
Husband raises the following issues for our consideration:
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I. Whether the trial court erred in denying Husband’s motion to set aside the final
decree of divorce entered by default.
II. Whether the trial court erred in its award of attorney’s fees to Wife for the defense
of the rule 60.02 motion.
Wife raises an additional issue on appeal:
III. Whether the instant appeal is frivolous.
Standard of Review
We employ an abuse of discretion standard when reviewing a trial court’s entry of default
judgment and its refusal to set aside the judgment pursuant to a rule 60.02 motion. Reynolds v.
Battles, 108 S.W.3d 249, 251 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003). We note, however, that courts have expressed
a clear preference for a trial on the merits. Id. As such, rule 60.02 should be construed liberally in
the context of default judgment. Id. There are three criteria for courts to consider when determining
whether to grant a rule 60.02 motion to set aside a default judgment: (1) whether the default was
willful; (2) whether the defendant has asserted a meritorious defense; (3) the amount of prejudice
which may result to the non-defaulting party if the motion is granted. Id. “If there is any reasonable
doubt about whether the judgment should be set aside, the court should grant relief.” Id. (citing
Nelson v. Simpson, 826 S.W.2d 483, 486 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991)). In our review of the lower court’s
award of attorney’s fees, we again employ the abuse of discretion standard. Aaron v. Aaron, 909
S.W.2d 408, 411 (Tenn. 1995); Knox County ex rel. Schumpert v. Union Livestock Yard, Inc., 59
S.W.3d 158, 166 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001).
Rule 60.02 Motion
We begin our analysis with Husband’s first issue on appeal, which challenges the trial court’s
denial of the rule 60.02 motion to set aside the default judgment granting Wife a divorce. Husband
maintains that he is entitled to have the default judgment set aside for one of two reasons: either
because Wife misrepresented her intent to seek a final divorce or, at the least, because Husband
committed an excusable mistake in misinterpreting Wife’s intent. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 55.02 states that
a default judgment may be set aside for “good cause shown . . . in accordance with Rule 60.02."
Rule 60.02 then provides, in part, that a party may be relieved from a judgment in the event of
“mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect” or “fraud . . . misrepresentation, or other
misconduct of an adverse party.”
The movant bears the burden of setting forth facts which establish the basis for relief. Tenn.
Dept. of Human Services v. Barbee, 689 S.W.2d 863 (Tenn. 1985); Pirkle v. Parker, No. E2002-
01751-COA-R3-CV, 2003WL 104662, at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003). However, courts should
construe the requirements of Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 liberally when a party seeks relief from default
judgment. Nelson v. Simpson, 826 S.W.2d 483, 485 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991). Specifically, courts
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should examine the moving party’s proof to determine whether the default was willful, whether the
movant has asserted a meritorious defense, and the amount of prejudice which may result to the non-
defaulting party. Reynolds v. Battles, 108 S.W.3d 249, 251 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003); Nelson, 826
S.W.2d at 485. Although a rule 60.02 motion is addressed to the discretion of the trial court, such
a motion should be granted whenever any reasonable doubt exists concerning whether the default
judgment should be set aside. Reynolds, 108 S.W.3d at 251. In the present matter, the lower court
denied Husband’s rule 60.02 motion, finding that:
The proof offered under Rule 60.02 to set aside the judgment even when taken in the
best light for the defendant, does not show that the judgment should be set aside for
a mistake, inadvertence, surprise, excusable neglect or fraud. Rather, it shows a
defendant who sat on his hands after being served with a divorce complaint and
continued to sit on his hands and take no action within 30 days from the entry of the
divorce during which time he admittedly was fully aware of the final decree.
Having reviewed the record, and in light of the strong preference for a trial on the merits, we must
respectfully disagree with the conclusion of the trial court. In his affidavit, Husband swore both that
Wife reassured him she would not pursue the divorce and that he never received any notice of the
divorce proceedings beyond the initial complaint. Wife countered with her own affidavit, and that
of her housekeeper, to contradict Husband’s version of events. The result is, admittedly, a muddled
scenario, but questions of fairness and equity are unquestionably raised by the testimony. We cannot
ignore the preference for a trial on the merits and the admonition to grant relief should any
reasonable doubt exist as to whether the default judgment should be set aside.
In this case there is insufficient evidence that Husband’s default was willful, rather than the
result of mistake or possible misrepresentation by Wife. In addition, we note that Husband has
raised a meritorious defense in his affidavit, challenging the distribution of property set forth in the
final divorce decree. Finally, there is no showing that Husband’s failure to timely file an answer or
enter an appearance has resulted in prejudice to Wife. There has been no loss of evidence nor any
increase in the difficulty of discovery, and “[t]he mere passage of time is not the sort of prejudice
that supports declining to set a default judgment aside.” Nelson, 826 S.W.2d at 486. Accordingly,
we vacate the default judgment entered by the lower court and remand the case for a trial on the
merits. In addition, we vacate the award of attorney’s fees to Wife for her defense of the rule 60.02
motion. The award of attorney’s fees, which was predicated upon the underlying failure of
Husband’s motion, cannot stand where Husband’s motion is successful.
Frivolous Appeal
Wife raises the issue of whether Husband should be held liable for damages, pursuant to
Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-1-122 (2003), for instituting a frivolous suit. In light of our holding in favor
of Husband on the previous two issues, we clearly do not consider his appeal to be frivolous. As
such, we decline to award attorney’s fees for this appeal to Wife.
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Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the default judgment of the lower court, as well as its
award of attorney’s fees, and remand for further proceedings. We instruct the lower court to allow
Husband thirty days to file an answer and to then conduct a trial on the merits. Costs of this appeal
are taxed to the Appellee, Mary Catherine Watkins, for which execution may issue if necessary.
___________________________________
ALAN E. HIGHERS, JUDGE
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