COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Frank, Beales and Powell
Argued at Richmond, Virginia
FRANK A. MONTALBANO
OPINION BY
v. Record No. 0348-10-2 JUDGE ROBERT P. FRANK
NOVEMBER 16, 2010
RICHMOND FORD, LLC, VADA GROUP
SELF-INSURANCE ASSOCIATION
AND PMA MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
FROM THE VIRGINIA WORKERS’ COMPENSATION COMMISSION
David G. Browne (Meyer, Goergen, & Marrs, P.C., on brief), for
appellant.
Angela F. Gibbs (Frederick T. Schubert, II; Midkiff, Muncie & Ross,
P.C., on brief), for appellees.
Frank A. Montalbano, claimant, appeals a decision of the Virginia Workers’
Compensation Commission (commission), that denied him benefits, finding that his termination
from employment was for justified cause. Claimant also contends the commission erred in
finding he is not entitled to an award of permanent partial disability based upon a 46%
impairment rating to his right arm. For the reasons stated, we affirm the decision of the
commission.
BACKGROUND
On July 28, 2006, claimant sustained a compensable injury by accident to both wrists. As
a result, he received various disability awards, the last being a temporary partial disability award
beginning November 29, 2007.
Claimant’s August 26, 2008 claim seeking permanent partial disability was defended by
Richmond Ford, LLC (employer), which alleged claimant refused selective employment and/or
was terminated from light duty for justified cause on July 28, 2008.
Claimant had worked for employer for 23 years prior to the compensable injury,
approximately 15 or 16 years as an auto technician and approximately six years as a group
leader.
After wrist fusion surgery, claimant accepted a light-duty job in June 2007, working for
employer in the detail shop. Several months later, he was promoted to manager of that shop,
supervising between six and ten people. Claimant testified he was given no job description or
training for that position. In his previous capacity with employer, he had no authority to
discipline employees, although as manager of the detail shop, he had full authority to hire,
discipline, and discharge employees under his supervision.
Employer had a written policy prohibiting harassment, which stated in part:
Richmond Ford, LLC does not and will not tolerate harassment of
our employees. The term “harassment” includes, but is not limited
to: slurs, jokes, and other verbal, graphic, or physical conduct
relating to an individual’s race, color, sex, religion, national origin,
citizenship, age or handicap. “Harassment” also includes sexual
advances, request for sexual favors, unwelcome or offensive
touching, and other verbal, graphic, or physical conduct of a sexual
nature.
VIOLATION OF THIS POLICY WILL SUBJECT AN
EMPLOYEE TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION, UP TO AND
INCLUDING IMMEDIATE DISCHARGE.
Claimant indicated he had signed this policy statement on February 2, 2003 and admitted
attending a presentation in January 2008 entitled, “Maintaining Respect in the Workplace:
Understanding and Prevent [sic] Harassment.”
Claimant testified he understood he was not to verbally embarrass or humiliate his
employees, yet he stated his managers cursed and belittled him with impunity. He testified this
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behavior prevailed throughout the entire dealership. He related several incidents where his
supervisor, Mark Higgins, cursed at him. On another occasion, according to claimant, the
commercial truck manager cursed at claimant while a customer was present. Claimant was not
aware of any disciplinary action taken concerning these incidents.
Mark Higgins, claimant’s immediate supervisor, related an incident from April 2008
where an employee came to Higgins, crying and shaking because claimant had screamed at him.
That employee was so upset by claimant’s behavior that he could no longer work that day.
Higgins characterized the employee as “destroyed” by claimant’s verbal attack. Higgins
counseled claimant about his conduct, advising claimant to control himself. Higgins indicated
claimant admitted he had an “anger control” problem. Higgins warned claimant that his
behavior was considered harassment and intimidation. Higgins also told claimant that if such
behavior continued, his job would be in jeopardy. He suggested claimant seek professional help.
Higgins related another incident, occurring in June 2006, when claimant screamed at another one
of his employees.
At the hearing before the deputy, claimant admitted he had been counseled on at least two
occasions by his supervisor, Mark Higgins, regarding improper treatment of employees under
claimant’s supervision. Specifically, claimant was to “watch” what he said to his employees.
Sometime prior to July 25, 2008, claimant had a confrontation with S.L. The encounter
caused S.L. to be upset and visibly shaken. S.L. told Higgins he could not work in that
environment, and Higgins allowed S.L. to leave work for the day. Claimant explained that he
only raised his voice because of the noise level in the shop. Higgins counseled claimant about
this incident.
On July 25, 2008, claimant returned to the detail shop from another assignment and found
his employees not working. He admonished them to return to work. Later that day, claimant and
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S.L. argued as to a missing part of a tool. S.L. testified that during this argument, claimant lost
his temper and said S.L. was “nothing but a mother – f- common dog.” Claimant admitted
calling S.L. a “common dog” but denied using the expletive. Claimant later apologized to S.L.
Claimant was discharged on July 28, 2008 for harassing his co-workers. The employer’s
“termination report” indicated claimant’s supervisor had received numerous complaints about
claimant verbally harassing other employees and that claimant had a temper control issue. The
report said claimant had been counseled “numerous times” concerning his treatment of his
employees and was told such conduct would not be tolerated. The report then recited claimant’s
July 25 confrontation with S.L.
The deputy commissioner found that claimant was terminated for “justified cause”
because his actions were “so recurrent as to manifest a willful disregard of those interests and the
duties and obligations he owes to his employer.”
The full commission affirmed the deputy, finding claimant was terminated for violating
employer’s policy against verbal harassment of other employees. It further found claimant had
been verbally counseled on at least two occasions about the use of profanity, yelling and
screaming at his employees, and had failed to reform his behavior. The commission found
claimant’s wage loss was properly attributable to his wrongful acts and concluded that claimant
was responsible for those wrongful actions.
Claimant had previously sustained a compensable injury to both wrists on July 28, 2006.
In his claim for benefits, claimant described his injury as the hyperextension of both wrists.
Claimant was treated by Dr. John E. Blank, an orthopedist. Dr. Blank diagnosed claimant with a
right greater than left wrist scapholunate ligament tear, triangle fibrocartilage tear, and osseous
wrist bone contusions. Dr. Blank performed several surgeries on claimant’s right wrist to repair
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the injury and to relieve pain. On June 5, 2008, claimant underwent a functional capacity
evaluation (FCE) and impairment rating.
On June 12, 2008, Dr. Blank reviewed the FCE and permanent rating evaluation. He
opined that the permanent impairment rating confirmed that “he has 22% loss of the right hand
and 30% loss of the right wrist, 2% loss of the right elbow, which converts to 46% impairment of
the right upper extremity and 28% impairment of the whole person with 0% impairment of the
left upper extremity.” Dr. Blank concluded that claimant made a valid effort at the FCE and was
found to be capable of occasionally lifting up to 30 pounds, pushing, pulling, and carrying.
Dr. Blank, in a questionnaire completed on October 23, 2008, opined that claimant had
reached maximum medical improvement with respect to his right upper extremity injury of July
28, 2006. He stated that the claimant’s fusion plate could be removed in the future if
symptomatic, but there were no current plans for additional surgical treatment. He agreed that
the claimant has a 46% permanent disability rating to his right upper extremity as a result of the
July 28, 2006 work accident. Dr. Blank concluded that claimant could not return to his
pre-injury job as an auto mechanic, noting that appellant is only capable of performing medium,
not heavy, physical work.
Dr. Stephen Leibovic, an independent medical examiner, performed an examination of
the claimant on December 2, 2008. Dr. Leibovic reviewed claimant’s medical records and
performed an x-ray. He was not certain that the wrist was completely fused, and he believed that
the claimant was suffering from extensor tendon tendonitis over the plate. He stated, “I believe
if we can prove that the fusion is healed completely that the plate should be removed.” He
thought this would provide additional comfort and at the same time “a radial styloidectomy
should be performed.”
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Dr. Leibovic further opined that the claimant had not yet reached maximum medical
improvement. He believed it prudent to assess the integrity of the fusion and then remove the
plate when indicated, as well as performing the radial styloidectomy. He assessed the claimant
as having a 45% permanent partial impairment rating of the right upper extremity as a result of
the July 28, 2006 injury, based upon his wrist fusion, his limited digital range of motion, and in
part on his decrease in strength. He recommended that the claimant lift no more than 15 pounds
with his right hand.
Dr. Blank reviewed Dr. Leibovic’s report and indicated a radial styloidectomy might
relieve claimant’s pain but would not guarantee functional improvement. Dr. Blank continued to
favor waiting 18-24 months before considering the procedure.
The commission denied claimant permanent partial disability benefits, concluding:
On review we find that the evidence is in equipoise about whether
the claimant has reached maximum medical improvement, with
Dr. Leibovic stating that the claimant has not yet reached MMI
after four wrist surgeries, and Dr. Blank stating that he has. The
claimant had not borne his burden of proof of maximum medical
improvement. His claim is held in abeyance.
This appeal follows.
ANALYSIS
Termination for Justified Cause
On appeal, claimant advances a number of reasons why his termination was not
“justified.” He argues that he did not violate the company policy against harassment since that
policy was limited to harassment based on race, national origin, or sex, that his behavior was the
norm in his workplace, that even if the policy encompassed abusive language, that policy was
not enforced by employer, and that his behavior on July 25, 2008 was an isolated act.
“On appeal from a decision of the Workers’ Compensation Commission, the evidence
and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn from that evidence are viewed in the light most
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favorable to the party prevailing below.” Artis v. Ottenberg’s Bakers, Inc., 45 Va. App. 72, 83,
608 S.E.2d 512, 517 (2005) (en banc). Furthermore, “we are bound by the commission’s
findings of fact as long as ‘there was credible evidence presented such that a reasonable mind
could conclude that the fact in issue was proved,’ even if there is evidence in the record that
would support a contrary finding.” Id. at 83-84, 608 S.E.2d at 517 (quoting Westmoreland Coal
Co. v. Campbell, 7 Va. App. 217, 222, 372 S.E.2d 411, 415 (1988)). However, “we review
questions of law de novo.” Rusty’s Welding Serv., Inc. v. Gibson, 29 Va. App. 119, 127, 510
S.E.2d 255, 259 (1999).
“[A]n employee on selective employment offered or procured by the employer, who is
discharged for cause and for reasons not concerning the disability, forfeits his or her right to
compensation benefits like any other employee who loses employment benefits when discharged
for cause.” Timbrook v. O’Sullivan Corp., 17 Va. App. 594, 597, 439 S.E.2d 873, 875 (1994);
see also Marval Poultry Co. v. Johnson, 224 Va. 597, 601, 299 S.E.2d 343, 345 (1983). The
rationale behind this rule is that “[t]he employee is responsible for that loss and not the
employer.” Chesapeake & Potomac Tel. Co. v. Murphy, 12 Va. App. 633, 640, 406 S.E.2d 190,
193 (1991). However, “[a]n employee’s workers’ compensation benefits will be permanently
forfeited only when the employee’s dismissal is ‘justified,’ the same as any other employee who
forfeits her employment benefits when discharged for a ‘justified’ reason.” Eppling v. Schultz
Dining Programs, 18 Va. App. 125, 128, 442 S.E.2d 219, 221 (1994).
Eppling distinguished termination for “justified cause” and termination for “cause.”
Eppling was terminated for absenteeism caused by non-work-related health problems. The issue
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was whether Eppling could “cure” her “refusal” of selective employment, 1 thus allowing her to
receive benefits. Finding Eppling’s termination was not a “justified cause,” we held:
A “justified” discharge (one which warrants forever barring
reinstatement of workers’ compensation benefits) does not simply
mean that the employer can identify or assign a reason attributable
to the employee as the cause for his or her being discharged.
Whether the reason for the discharge is for “cause,” see Murphy,
12 Va. App. at 639, 406 S.E.2d at 193, or is “justified” for
purposes of forfeiting benefits must be determined in the context of
the purpose of the [Virginia Workers’ Compensation] Act and
whether the conduct is of such a nature that it warrants a
permanent forfeiture of those rights and benefits. [T]he
Commission . . . must be mindful of the purposes and goals of the
Act. [Richmond Cold Storage Co. v.] Burton, 1 Va. App. [106,]
111, 335 S.E.2d [847,] 850 [(1985)].
Id. (internal quotations omitted).
We concluded that while Eppling’s employer had “cause” for termination, her absences
were due to health problems, and not due to “wrongful acts” that “justified” her dismissal so as
to permanently bar her from benefits. 2
“[I]t is not necessary to prove ‘that the employee’s wrongful act was intentional, willful,
or deliberate in order to justify a termination for cause and a forfeiture of compensation
benefits.’” Artis, 45 Va. App. at 85, 608 S.E.2d at 518 (quoting Walter Reed Convalescent Ctr.
v. Reese, 24 Va. App. 328, 336-37, 482 S.E.2d 92, 97 (1997)). “Rather, all that is required is a
1
Being terminated for cause is the equivalent of refusing selective employment. See
Artis, 45 Va. App. at 91, 608 S.E.2d at 521 (“A disabled employee who engages in voluntary
misconduct is deemed to have constructively refused an offer of selective employment, thereby
justifying a forfeiture of benefits.”).
2
Virginia courts have considered various acts which provide “justified” cause for
termination. See Marval Poultry, 224 Va. App. 597, 299 S.E.2d 343 (finding that dishonesty
provided justified cause); Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Watson, 219 Va. 830, 252 S.E.2d 310
(1977) (holding that frequent absences, poor work performance and attitude gave justified
cause); Artis, 45 Va. App. 72, 608 S.E.2d 512 (concluding that staging a robbery and committing
attempted murder equaled justified cause); Richfood v. Williams, 20 Va. App. 404, 457 S.E.2d
417 (1995) (ruling that the failure to pass a drug test upon which employment was conditioned
provided justified cause).
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showing: (1) that the wage loss is ‘properly attributable’ to the wrongful act; 3 and (2) that the
employee is ‘responsible’ for that wrongful act.” Id. (quoting Reese, 24 Va. App. at 336, 482
S.E.2d at 97).
Our inquiry, then, is whether claimant’s continued harassment of his subordinates,
including repetitive abusive language, constitutes “justified cause” for termination thus barring
any award of benefits.
We find it does. In the context of unemployment benefits, we have addressed factors to
determine whether abusive language constitutes willful misconduct.
Such factors include the severity of the language used; the quantity
of the language used, i.e., whether it was a lengthy barrage or a
brief incident; whether the language was spoken in the presence of
customers, clients or other employees; whether the employee had a
record of misconduct; whether prior warnings were given
regarding employee’s conduct; and whether the language was
provoked by the employer.
Kennedy’s Piggly Wiggly Stores v. Cooper, 14 Va. App. 701, 706, 419 S.E.2d 278, 281 (1992)
(citations omitted).
We find these factors are equally applicable in evaluating whether abusive language is
“justified cause” for termination. Here, claimant’s outbursts were not isolated or provoked. He
had been counseled on his inappropriate behavior and had, in fact, been warned that termination
could result for continued behavior. Further, this language, on more than one occasion, had great
impact on his subordinates’ ability to perform their jobs. The fact that no customers heard these
outbursts does not, under these facts, mitigate his behavior.
3
Claimant does not claim that he was terminated because of any disability related to the
compensable injury.
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We therefore conclude that claimant’s repetitive harassment of his subordinates through
anger and abusive language was “justified cause” for his termination, thereby justifying a
forfeiture of benefits.
Claimant further maintains because his behavior was not “misconduct” under Murphy, he
is not barred from receiving benefits because he “cured” his “refusal” of selective employment
under Code § 65.2-510. 4 Since we have determined claimant was terminated for “justified
cause,” he cannot “cure” his “refusal” of selective employment.
Claimant also argues he violated no company policy because the written policy is limited
to harassment based on race, color, sex, religion, national origin, citizenship, age or handicap.
This contention ignores the clear language in the written policy that prohibits all harassment.
The policy states that “[t]he term harassment includes but is not limited to . . .” and then provides
specific language prohibiting harassment based on race, color, etc. The latter phrase does not
limit the prohibition on all harassment. Additionally, claimant was counseled several times on
harassment and his use of abusive language. The commission properly concluded claimant was
terminated for violating company policy against harassment.
4
Code § 65.2-510 states in part:
A. If an injured employee refuses employment procured for him
suitable to his capacity, he shall only be entitled to the benefits
provided for in §§ 65.2-503 and 65.2-603, excluding vocational
rehabilitation services provided for in subdivision A 3 of
§ 65.2-603, during the continuance of such refusal, unless in the
opinion of the Commission such refusal was justified.
B. If an injured employee cures his unjustified refusal by
accepting employment suitable to his capacity at a wage less than
that originally offered, the employer shall pay or cause to be paid
to the injured employee during his partial incapacity pursuant to
§ 65.2-502, a weekly compensation equal to 66 2/3 percent of the
difference between his average weekly wages before his injury and
the average weekly wage the employee would have earned by
accepting the original proffered light duty employment.
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Next, claimant contends even if he violated company policy this policy was not enforced
because others used abusive language and such language was the norm in the workplace.
However, claimant, in his brief, never developed this argument nor cited any cases to support
that position. 5 Rule 5A:20 requires that an appellant’s opening brief contain the “principles of
law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question presented.” Pursuant to that rule,
we have held that “[u]nsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’”
Jones v. Commonwealth, 51 Va. App. 730, 734, 660 S.E.2d 343, 345 (2008) (quoting Buchanan
v. Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)). Moreover, “when a party’s
‘failure to strictly adhere to the requirements of Rule 5A:20(e)’ is significant, ‘the Court of
Appeals may . . . treat a question presented as waived.’” Parks v. Parks, 52 Va. App. 663, 664,
666 S.E.2d 547, 548 (2008) (quoting Jay v. Commonwealth, 275 Va. 510, 520, 659 S.E.2d 311,
317 (2008)). We therefore find appellant’s failure is significant, and we consider this argument
waived.
Finally, appellant argues that because he received no written reprimand, his actions were
not sufficient to support termination for “justified cause.” Yet, appellant does not dispute that he
received a number of oral reprimands. He cites Food Lion v. Newsome, 30 Va. App. 21, 515
S.E.2d 317 (1999), to support his position. However, appellant’s argument isolates language in
Newsome that has no bearing on his position. In determining Newsome had cured his refusal of
selective employment, this Court, in reciting background facts, stated that Newsome had
received six “constructive advice” memos. Whether the reprimands were oral or written was not
part of the Newsome analysis. Therefore, appellant cites no relevant case law to support his
contention that reprimands must be written. See Rule 5A:20(e).
5
At oral argument, appellant conceded that he did not develop this specific argument in
his brief.
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Permanent Partial Disability
Claimant contends the commission erred in finding he is not entitled to an award of
permanent partial disability. 6 Specifically, he maintains the commission erroneously concluded
he did not prove he had reached maximum medical improvement. 7
Permanent partial disability benefits are “not awardable ‘until the injury has reached a
state of permanency, i.e. maximum improvement, when the degree of loss may be medically
ascertained.’” Brown v. United Airlines, Inc., 34 Va. App. 273, 277, 540 S.E.2d 521, 523 (2001)
(quoting County of Spotsylvania v. Hart, 218 Va. 565, 568, 238 S.E.2d 813, 815 (1977)). “[I[t
must appear both that the partial incapacity is permanent and that the injury has reached
maximum medical improvement.” Id.
“[A]n employee has reached maximum medical improvement if no reasonable
expectation exists that the employee will obtain further functional improvement from medical
treatment, even though the injury remains symptomatic and disabling.” Gunst v. Childress, 29
Va. App. 701, 707, 514 S.E.2d 383, 386 (1999).
The commission’s determination whether maximum medical improvement has been
reached is a factual finding. See Cafaro Construction Co. v. Struther, 15 Va. App. 656, 660, 426
S.E.2d 489, 492 (1993). Pursuant to statute, the commission’s factual findings are conclusive
and binding on this Court when those findings are based on credible evidence. See Code
§ 65.2-706; McCaskey v. Patrick Henry Hospital, 225 Va. 413, 415, 304 S.E.2d 1, 2 (1983). In
6
Termination for “justified cause” does not bar a claimant from an award of permanent
partial disability. See Code § 65.2-503.
7
While the deputy denied permanent partial disability because claimant’s injury was
limited to his right wrist, and not to his right upper extremity, the commission’s review opinion
did not address that aspect of the deputy’s opinion. The only issue before this Court is whether
claimant met his burden to show he has achieved maximum medical improvement. We cannot
consider alleged error on a ruling the commission never made. See Paul Johnson Plastering v.
Johnson, 265 Va. 237, 243 n.4, 576 S.E.2d 447, 451 n.4 (2003).
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conducting our review, “we are required to construe the evidence in the light most favorable to
the party who prevailed before the commission.” Gunst, 29 Va. App. at 707, 514 S.E.2d at 386
(citing Crisp v. Brown’s Tysons Corner Dodge, Inc., 1 Va. App. 503, 504, 339 S.E.2d 916, 916
(1986)).
The claimant has the burden of proving maximum medical improvement. See Mercy
Tidewater Ambulance Service v. Carpenter, 29 Va. App. 218, 228, 511 S.E.2d 418, 422 (1999)
(“because claimant failed to show that he had reached maximum medical improvement, the
commission was precluded from determining claimant’s permanent loss of function”). The
commission had no authority to make an award for permanent injury without medical evidence
that claimant had achieved maximum medical improvement. See id. (citing Hart, 218 Va. at 568,
238 S.E.2d at 815).
The term “burden of proof” actually refers to two separate burdens:
the burden of producing evidence and the burden of persuasion.
When a party has the burden of producing evidence on an issue,
that party should receive an adverse ruling on the issue as a matter
of law unless he or she produces evidence which a reasonable
mind could accept as proof of the fact in issue. If the party with
the burden of production meets this standard, he or she is entitled
to have the finder of fact then determine whether he or she has met
the applicable burden of persuasion. In the paradigm civil case,
there is no special burden of production (the proponent of the issue
simply must produce evidence sufficient to support a finding on
that issue), and the burden of persuasion is proof by a
preponderance of the evidence. See generally Bacon v. Bacon, 3
Va. App. 484, 488, 351 S.E.2d 37, 39-40 (1986).
Campbell, 7 Va. App. at 222, 372 S.E.2d at 415 (emphasis in original).
The commission found the conflicting medical testimony as to whether claimant had
reached maximum medical improvement was in equipoise. See Haskins v. Commonwealth, 44
Va. App. 1, 9-10, 602 S.E.2d 402, 406 (2004) (defining equipoise as when the facts are “equally
susceptible to two or more constructions” (citing Williams v. Commonwealth, 193 Va. 764, 772,
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71 S.E.2d 73, 77 (1952))). In this case, the commission concluded claimant failed to meet his
burden of proof. We find no error in this ruling.
Clearly, claimant met his burden of production. Dr. Blank opined that claimant had
achieved maximum medical improvement. However, the commission found claimant had not
met his burden of persuasion. Claimant did not convince the fact finder that Dr. Blank’s opinion
was more credible or should have been afforded more weight than Dr. Leibovic’s opinion.
The determination whether the employer has met this burden is
made by the [c]ommission after exercising its role as finder of fact.
In this role, the [c]ommission resolves all conflicts in the evidence
and determines the weight to be accorded the various evidentiary
submissions. “The award of the [c]ommission . . . shall be
conclusive and binding as to all questions of fact.” Code
§ 65.2-706(A); Falls Church Constr. Co. v. Laidler, 254 Va. 474,
478-79, 493 S.E.2d 521, 524 (1997); Ivey v. Puckett Constr. Co.,
230 Va. 486, 488, 338 S.E.2d 640, 641 (1986).
Bass v. City of Richmond Police Dep’t., 258 Va. 103, 114, 515 S.E.2d 557, 563 (1999).
Claimant was unable to convince the commission that his medical evidence should be
afforded greater weight than the conflicting medical testimony presented by employer.
Therefore, he failed to carry his burden of persuasion.
Nonetheless, claimant asserts that the commission misinterprets Dr. Leibovic’s
independent medical examination opinion that suggested the possibility of further treatment.
Claimant argues the commission ignored that the proposed treatment suggested by Dr. Leibovic
would not improve claimant’s function of his upper extremity, but would only relieve pain.
Therefore, there is no evidence, claimant argues, that functional improvement will ever result
from any future treatment. Thus, claimant concludes, the evidence is not in equipoise.
This position is belied by Dr. Leibovic’s opinion. Claimant’s argument is premised on a
selection of isolated statements. Dr. Leibovic noted an enlargement and a bone spur at the radial
styloid, suggesting the need for a radial styloidectomy. He also opined that if the fusion is
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complete, the fusion plate should be removed, thus providing “additional comfort.” Dr. Leibovic
concluded that he did not believe claimant had reached maximum medical improvement.
Interestingly, in Dr. Blank’s response to Dr. Leibovic’s opinion, he agrees with
Dr. Leibovic that removal of the fusion plate would “help with extreme tendonitis symptoms.”
When asked whether radial styloidectomy would result in any significant functional
improvement, Dr. Blank answered, “pain relief perhaps, but unable to guarantee functional
improvement.” In any event, he indicated he favored waiting 18-24 months before performing
either procedure.
Dr. Blank did not opine the radial styloidectomy would not result in any significant
functional improvement, only that he could not guarantee that result. Therefore, he did not refute
Dr. Leibovic’s opinion that claimant had not reached maximum medical improvement.
There was evidence to support the medical opinions of both doctors. As the evidence
was in equipoise, we find the commission did not err in concluding claimant failed to meet his
burden of proof.
Because claimant has not proven maximum medical improvement, an award of
permanent partial disability is premature. This issue is left open for future determination. See
Carpenter, 29 Va. App. at 228, 511 S.E.2d at 423.
CONCLUSION
The commission did not err in denying claimant benefits. The commission correctly
upheld the deputy commissioner’s determination that claimant was terminated for justified cause.
The commission also properly concluded that claimant did not prove he had achieved maximum
medical improvement. We therefore affirm the commission.
Affirmed.
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