COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, Beales and Senior Judge Annunziata
BARRY LEWIS EVANS
MEMORANDUM OPINION *
v. Record No. 1936-09-3 PER CURIAM
JUNE 29, 2010
TRACIE ANNETTE DONNELLY EVANS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GILES COUNTY
Robert M.D. Turk, Judge
(Patrick Michael McGraw; McGraw Law, P.C., on brief), for
appellant.
(Margaret E. Stone; Stone & Kellerman, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
(Linette Joy Wells, on brief), Guardian ad litem for the minor
children.
Barry Lewis Evans (husband) appeals an order regarding the fees for the guardian ad litem
(GAL) and the distribution of marital property. Husband argues that the trial court erred by
(1) failing to make any findings, or alternatively failing to articulate any such findings, that the
$29,403 bill submitted by the GAL was reasonable; (2) failing to address husband’s specific
objections to the GAL’s bill and failing to make any determination of reasonableness in light of
husband’s objections; (3) assessing eighty percent of the GAL’s fee to be paid by husband; and
(4) entering the September 21, 2009 order which “re-distributed” the marital property, and thereby
impermissibly abrogated the terms of the final decree of divorce and allowed relitigation of the
terms of the equitable distribution order without any intervening appeal, motion to reconsider, or
other basis to change the terms of the final decree of divorce. Upon reviewing the record and
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily
affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.
BACKGROUND
In 2006, husband filed a complaint for divorce. After five days of hearings, on January
29, 2009, the trial court ruled on the custody issues from the bench. It awarded joint legal
custody of the children to husband and Tracie Annette Donnelly Evans (wife), with physical
custody to wife and visitation to husband. The trial court entered the final decree of divorce on
February 11, 2009. Neither the custody ruling nor the final decree, which reflected the parties’
agreement on equitable distribution and marital debt, is at issue in this appeal.
In April 2009, the GAL submitted her itemized bill to the trial court. 1 Her bill totaled
$29,403.78, which represented 228.75 hours of her time and various costs incurred from March
6, 2008 until January 29, 2009. Husband filed an objection to the bill. Wife moved that husband
be responsible for the entire bill. The parties and the GAL submitted written arguments to the
trial court. On May 21, 2009, the trial court issued a letter opinion, approving the GAL’s entire
bill and dividing the bill so that husband was responsible for eighty percent and wife was
responsible for twenty percent.
On July 6, 2009, wife filed a notice for a hearing on July 28, 2009 for entry of the order
reflecting the judge’s ruling in his letter opinion and also sought an order requiring husband to
return and install the cabinets he removed from the former marital residence after the entry of the
final decree. On July 28, 2009, the trial court entered the order reflecting its ruling in the May
1
From 2006 until March 11, 2008, Paul Barnett served as the children’s GAL. In
December 2007, husband sought to have Barnett removed as GAL. The court held a hearing on
February 28, 2008 regarding husband’s motion to remove Barnett as GAL. Wife supported
Barnett as GAL, but did not object to a new GAL. On March 11, 2008, the trial court entered an
order appointing Linette Joy Wells as the children’s GAL in place of Barnett. Lora Keller also
entered an appearance as the children’s counsel of record, which the trial court took under
advisement, since the GAL represented the children’s best interests.
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21, 2009 letter opinion. It also heard testimony about the cabinets. On September 21, 2009, the
trial court entered an order stating that husband was to return and reinstall the cabinets in their
prior location at the former marital residence or, in the alternative, he could keep the cabinets and
pay $2,000 to wife.
On August 27, 2009, husband filed a notice of appeal, stating that he intended to appeal
the order entered July 28, 2009 regarding the GAL’s fee.
ANALYSIS
Issues 1 and 2
Husband argues that the trial court erred by (1) failing to make any findings, or
alternatively failing to articulate any such findings, that the $29,403 bill submitted by the GAL was
reasonable and (2) failing to address husband’s specific objections to the GAL’s bill and failing to
make any determination of reasonableness in light of husband’s objections.
“No ruling of the trial court . . . will be considered as a basis for reversal unless the
objection was stated together with the grounds therefore at the time of the ruling, except for good
cause shown or to enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice.” Rule 5A:18. We
“will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented to the trial court.” Ohree v.
Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998). “The purpose of Rule
5A:18 is to allow the trial court to correct in the trial court any error that is called to its
attention.” Lee v. Lee, 12 Va. App. 512, 514, 404 S.E.2d 736, 737 (1991) (en banc).
Although husband argued below that the GAL’s fee was unreasonable, he did not raise as
grounds the trial court’s failure to make findings and specifically address his objections to the
bill. “[A] specific argument must be made to the trial court at the appropriate time, or the
allegation of error will not be considered on appeal. . . . Making one specific argument on an
issue does not preserve a separate legal point on the same issue for review.” Edwards v.
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Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 752, 760, 589 S.E.2d 444, 448 (2003) (en banc) (citations
omitted). See also Scialdone v. Commonwealth, 279 Va. 422, 437, 689 S.E.2d 716, 724 (2010).
Pursuant to Rule 5A:18, we decline to consider on appeal issues not raised in the trial court.
Husband did not file a transcript or statement of facts. Therefore, we do not know what
oral arguments he made to the trial court. The record includes husband’s “Objections to
Itemized Bill of Guardian Ad Litem, Linette Joy Wells” and his written argument regarding the
GAL’s fees and division thereof. The record also includes the final order in which husband
stated the following objections:
Objections on bases [sic] of all previous written submissions
including Plaintiff’s Objections to the GAL’s written itemized bill
submitted by separate pleading, Plaintiff’s written position
previously submitted to the court, all of which objections are
incorporated herein by this reference and all arguments of counsel
upon the hearing of this matter.
The record does not contain husband’s specific objections that the trial court should have made
findings on the reasonableness of the GAL’s fees and should have addressed each one of
husband’s objections to the bill. Therefore, Rule 5A:18 precludes us from considering these
issues.
The second part of husband’s second question presented is properly preserved. He
contends the trial court erred in failing to make any determination of reasonableness in light of
husband’s specific objections.
“‘[A]n award of attorney’s fees is a matter submitted to the trial court’s sound discretion
and is reviewable on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.’” Richardson v. Richardson, 30
Va. App. 341, 351, 516 S.E.2d 726, 731 (1999) (quoting Graves v. Graves, 4 Va. App. 326, 333,
357 S.E.2d 554, 558 (1987)). “[T]he key to a proper award of counsel fees [is] reasonableness
under all of the circumstances revealed by the record.” McGinnis v. McGinnis, 1 Va. App. 272,
277, 338 S.E.2d 159, 162 (1985).
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The trial court explained in its letter opinion that “[e]ach of the parties had an opportunity
to brief these issues [including the GAL fees] and I have reviewed them in arriving at my
decisions herein.” The trial court approved the GAL’s bill finding that “the unusual
circumstances of this case justify the expenses set forth in Ms. Wells’ statement.” The trial court
noted that the case lasted “some three to four years” and that there were “numerous hearings.”
The final hearing took five days. The GAL “was required to make numerous visits with the
children and speak with the counselor on a number of occasions.” Two custody evaluations were
conducted and, on June 30, 2008, the trial court ordered the GAL to schedule the children’s
counseling appointments and the custody evaluation, as well as to transport the children to the
custody evaluator’s office, if requested.
After considering husband’s objections to the GAL’s fees and the unusual circumstances
of this case, the trial court found the GAL’s fees to be “justif[ied].” Based on the record before
us, we find the trial court did not err in making any determination of reasonableness in light of
husband’s specific objections.
Issue 3
Husband argues that the trial court erred in assessing eighty percent of the GAL’s bill to
him. “The decision to apportion guardian fees between both parties or to one party alone also
involves a matter within the chancellor’s discretion.” Kane v. Szymczak, 41 Va. App. 365, 375,
585 S.E.2d 349, 354 (2003).
Indivisible from the power of appointment is the associated power
equitably to apportion the fees and expenses of the guardian ad
litem as costs to the parties. Code §§ 20-79(b) and 20-99(5)
provide the statutory basis for the award of such costs as equity
and justice may require. Such an award is considered remedial and
is within the recognized “discretion of a court of equity over the
subject of costs.” Code § 14.1-177.
Verrocchio v. Verrocchio, 16 Va. App. 314, 322, 429 S.E.2d 482, 487 (1993).
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The trial court stated in its letter opinion that husband “created the majority of this
scenario and he, therefore, should be the one to bear the burden of the costs for that.” The trial
court noted that Wells was the second GAL involved in this case because husband requested a
new GAL when he was “not comfortable” with Barnett’s findings; however, Wells’ findings
were similar to Barnett’s findings. The trial court also explained, “this was a very unusual case
that took extensive time and effort from the guardian ad litem.”
Given the circumstances of this case, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
ordering that husband be responsible for eighty percent of the GAL’s bill.
Issue 4
By an order entered on September 21, 2009, the trial court directed husband to return and
reinstall the cabinets to the former marital residence, or alternatively pay wife $2,000. Husband
failed to file a notice of appeal for this order. The notice of appeal filed by husband on August 27,
2009 notes his appeal of the court order entered on July 28, 2009, not the September order.
Therefore, appellant failed to perfect an appeal of the September 21, 2009 order. “This Court has
held that filing a timely notice of appeal is a mandatory prerequisite to an appellate court
acquiring jurisdiction over a case.” Ghameshlouy v. Commonwealth, 279 Va. 379, 390, 689
S.E.2d 698, 703-04 (2010). See also Vaughn v. Vaughn, 215 Va. 328, 329, 210 S.E.2d 140, 141
(1974) (finding a notice of appeal that fails to identify accurately the cause being appealed does not
perfect an appeal within the allotted time); Lyons v. Galanides, Inc., 207 Va. 874, 876, 153 S.E.2d
221, 225 (1967) (holding a notice of appeal identifying the wrong order does not effect an appeal of
another order that an appellant intends to appeal); Rule 5A:6 (“No appeal shall be allowed unless,
within 30 days after entry of final judgment or other appealable order or decree, . . . counsel files
with the clerk of the trial court a notice of appeal . . . .”).
Therefore, husband’s appeal of the September 21, 2009 order is dismissed.
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Attorney’s fees
Wife has requested an award of attorney’s fees and costs incurred on appeal, and husband
has requested an award of costs incurred on appeal. See O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App.
690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). Because husband’s appeal is entirely “without merit,” and
on consideration of the entire record before us, we find that sufficient reason exists to grant
wife’s request for attorney’s fees and costs incurred in this appeal. Robinson v. Robinson, 54
Va. App. 87, 98, 675 S.E.2d 873, 879 (2009); O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. at 695, 479 S.E.2d at
100. As a result, we decline husband’s request for an award of costs incurred in this appeal.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
However, we remand this case to the trial court in order for it to award to wife the reasonable
attorney’s fees and costs that she incurred in defending this appeal.
Affirmed.
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