COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judges Frank and Powell
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
ARTHUR MARTINEZ WOODSON
MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v. Record No. 1108-08-1 CHIEF JUDGE WALTER S. FELTON, JR.
OCTOBER 6, 2009
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH
Dean W. Sword, Jr., Judge
William Roots, Jr. (Law Office of William Roots, Jr., on brief), for
appellant.
John W. Blanton, Assistant Attorney General (William C. Mims,
Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Following a bench trial, Arthur Martinez Woodson (“appellant”) was convicted of
possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, third offense, in violation of Code § 18.2-248. 1
On appeal, he contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence seized
during what he asserts was a warrantless visual body cavity search. He also contends the trial
court erred in finding the evidence sufficient to prove he possessed cocaine with intent to
distribute and that he had previously been convicted on two prior occasions of possession of
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
1
Appellant was charged in a single, three-count indictment with (1) distribution of a
controlled substance within 1,000 feet of a school bus stop in violation of Code § 18.2-255.2,
(2) possession of cocaine with intent to distribute in violation of Code § 18.2-248, and
(3) possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, third offense, in violation of Code
§ 18.2-248(C). The trial court dismissed the first count of the indictment on appellant’s motion
to strike, and nolle prosequied the second count.
controlled substances with intent to distribute. For the following reasons, we affirm the
judgment of the trial court.
I. BACKGROUND
On appeal, “[w]here the issue is whether the evidence is sufficient, we view the evidence
in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly
deducible therefrom.” Sandoval v. Commonwealth, 20 Va. App. 133, 135, 455 S.E.2d 730, 731
(1995). So viewed, the evidence proved that Portsmouth Police Officer Knorowski was engaged
in a narcotics surveillance operation on November 2, 2006. Around 7:46 a.m., Knorowski, from
a concealed location and using binoculars, saw a woman approach appellant who was sitting on
the front porch of a residence. After the woman handed appellant money, appellant stood up and
gave an object to her. From his vantage point, Knorowski could not determine the nature of the
object appellant handed to the woman. A few minutes later, Knorowski observed another
woman approach appellant. Appellant handed her a cigarette, and she departed. He then left the
porch and walked to a nearby intersection. There, around 8:20 a.m., Officer Knorowski
observed a third woman approach appellant.
[S]he had U.S. currency in her hands, and she appeared to be
counting it. . . . [Appellant] took the U.S. currency from [her] . . .
and put it in [his] right pants pocket. . . . At that point [appellant]
opened his left hand, where [Officer Knorowski] observed a plastic
baggy containing several rocks of suspected crack cocaine
individually wrapped. [Appellant] then gave one rock of suspected
crack cocaine to [the woman].
Following this transaction, appellant “lowered his pants and stuck the plastic bag containing the
suspected crack cocaine in between his buttocks.” Officer Knorowski continued to observe
appellant until Officer Huneycutt arrested him moments later. 2
2
The record reflects that officers also stopped the woman with whom appellant made the
suspected drug transaction, and thereafter released her. However, it is silent as to whether police
recovered any controlled substances from her.
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Following his arrest, appellant was taken to a small private room at the police station.
Consistent with standard procedure, Officers Huneycutt and Martin obtained written permission
from a police supervisor to conduct a strip search of appellant. Pursuant to the two officers’
instructions, appellant removed his outer clothing. The officers searched items of clothing as
appellant removed them. When appellant was clothed only in his boxer shorts, Officer
Huneycutt instructed him to lower those shorts from his waist by approximately “three inches.”
After appellant complied, Huneycutt saw “the top of a piece of plastic” at “the top of his
buttocks,” approximately “an inch, inch and-a-half down from . . . where your back ends and
your rear end starts.” At the officer’s request, appellant removed the plastic bag from his
buttocks area. Neither appellant nor the officers in the room removed appellant’s boxer shorts
during the search, and at no time were his anus or genitals exposed.
The plastic bag recovered from appellant contained .38 gram of cocaine in the form of
“solid material” inside of a “plastic bag corner.” The officers recovered $223 in cash from
appellant’s pants pockets. The trial court admitted two prior conviction orders, one reflecting
that appellant had been previously convicted of possession of heroin with intent to distribute in
the City of Portsmouth in 2001, and another showing he had been convicted in 1996 of
distributing cocaine in the same city.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Motion to Suppress
Appellant contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the cocaine
seized from him during the search following his arrest, asserting that police unlawfully subjected
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him to a warrantless visual body cavity search. 3 We conclude the trial court did not err in
denying appellant’s motion to suppress.
Appellant’s contention that the cocaine was seized from him in violation of the Fourth
Amendment
presents a mixed question of fact and law that an appellate court
reviews de novo. In evaluating the claim, the appellate court must
give deference to the factual findings of the trial court and
independently determine whether the manner in which the
evidence was obtained meets the requirements of the Fourth
Amendment.
While “the Commonwealth has the burden of proving the
legitimacy of a warrantless search and seizure,” [appellant] must
show that the trial court’s denial of his suppression motion, when
the evidence is considered in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, was reversible error.
Whitfield v. Commonwealth, 265 Va. 358, 361, 576 S.E.2d 463, 464 (2003) (quoting Simmons
v. Commonwealth, 238 Va. 200, 204, 380 S.E.2d 656, 659 (1989)) (citations omitted).
“An established exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment exists for
a search incident to a lawful arrest. However, when law enforcement officers perform a ‘full
search’ of an arrestee without a warrant, their authority is ‘only skin deep.’” King v.
Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 717, 723, 644 S.E.2d 391, 394 (2007) (quoting Commonwealth v.
Gilmore, 27 Va. App. 320, 328, 498 S.E.2d 464, 468 (1998)) (citation omitted).
A search of the person may range from a Terry-type pat-down to a
generalized search of the person to the more intrusive strip search
or body cavity search. “A strip search generally refers to an
inspection of a naked individual, without any scrutiny of his body
cavities. A visual body cavity search extends to a visual inspection
of the anal and genital areas.”
3
Appellant does not argue that the officers lacked probable cause to arrest him or to
search him incident to his arrest.
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Hughes v. Commonwealth, 31 Va. App. 447, 455, 524 S.E.2d 155, 159 (2000) (en banc)
(quoting Commonwealth v. Thomas, 708 N.E.2d 669, 672 n.4 (Mass. 1999)).
Here, during the search incident to his arrest, appellant removed his outer clothes,
remaining clothed only in his boxer shorts. When the contraband was discovered, only the upper
portion of his buttocks was visible to the officers. From the record on appeal, we conclude that
the trial court did not err in finding that the officers did not conduct a visual body cavity search
of appellant. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in denying appellant’s motion to
suppress the evidence seized from him.
B. Sufficiency
Where the appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him of the
charged offense, we must “examine the evidence that tends to support the conviction[] and to
permit the conviction[] to stand unless [it is] plainly wrong or without evidentiary support.”
Commonwealth v. Jenkins, 255 Va. 516, 520, 499 S.E.2d 263, 265 (1998) (citing Code
§ 8.01-680). “The credibility of the witnesses and the weight accorded the evidence are matters
solely for the fact finder who has the opportunity to see and hear that evidence as it is presented.”
Sandoval, 20 Va. App. at 138, 455 S.E.2d at 732.
1. Intent to Distribute
Appellant concedes the evidence, if lawfully seized, was sufficient to prove he possessed
cocaine, but contends the evidence failed to prove he intended to distribute that cocaine.
“In determining whether a defendant is guilty of possession with the intent to distribute,
the trier of fact is entitled to weigh all the circumstances in a given case.” Stanley v.
Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 867, 869, 407 S.E.2d 13, 14 (1991) (en banc). “While possession
of a small quantity of a controlled substance creates an inference that the drug is held for
personal use, when considered in conjunction with other circumstances, the small quantity
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possessed may support a finding of an intent to distribute.” Early v. Commonwealth, 10
Va. App. 219, 222, 391 S.E.2d 340, 341 (1990) (citation omitted). Other such circumstances
include the “method of packaging of the controlled substance,” the “presence of an unusual
amount of money, suggesting profit from sales,” Servis v. Commonwealth, 6 Va. App. 507, 524,
371 S.E.2d 156, 165 (1988), and the “person’s conduct,” Long v. Commonwealth, 8 Va. App.
194, 198, 379 S.E.2d 473, 476 (1989). Further, the trier of fact “might well have inferred that
the quantity seized was what remained from a larger supply held for distribution.” Colbert v.
Commonwealth, 219 Va. 1, 4, 244 S.E.2d 748, 749 (1978).
Here, Officer Knorowski, who had witnessed several hundred drug transactions, observed
appellant take an individually wrapped rock of suspected cocaine out of a bag and receive money
in exchange for that item. Officers later recovered that same bag, containing individually
packaged cocaine, from appellant’s person. We conclude the trial court did not err in finding
that evidence sufficient to prove appellant possessed cocaine with intent to distribute it. See
Stamper v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 260, 273, 257 S.E.2d 808, 818 (1979) (“While no single
piece of evidence may be sufficient, the ‘combined force of many concurrent and related
circumstances, each insufficient in itself, may lead a reasonable mind irresistibly to a
conclusion.’” (quoting Karnes v. Commonwealth, 125 Va. 758, 764, 99 S.E. 562, 564 (1919))).
2. Prior Convictions
Appellant also contends the trial court erred in finding the evidence sufficient to prove
that he had previously been convicted of distribution of controlled substances on two prior
occasions, thereby triggering the enhanced punishment provisions of Code § 18.2-248(C). 4
4
“When a person is convicted of a third or subsequent offense under this subsection . . . ,
he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than five years . . . and
he shall be fined not more than $500,000.” Code § 18.2-248(C).
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The trial court admitted two prior conviction orders offered to prove appellant’s prior
controlled substance convictions, both from the City of Portsmouth, one from 1996 and one from
2001. Appellant argues that those prior orders failed to establish that he was the same “Arthur
Woodson” identified in those orders, contending that the birth dates shown on those conviction
orders did not match his date of birth, and that the 1996 order did not show the social security
number of the person convicted.
Where the issue is “a ‘mere question of identification’” under a recidivist statute, “[it] is a
question for the [trier of fact] . . . as to whether . . . [the accused] is [the] person named in [the]
conviction orders.” Holmes v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 690, 693, 589 S.E.2d 11, 12 (2003)
(quoting King v. Lynn, 90 Va. 345, 347, 18 S.E. 439, 440 (1893)).
Officer Huneycutt testified that at the time of his arrest appellant told him his name was
Arthur Martinez Woodson. Appellant also told the officer that his date of birth was “10/16/76”
and that his social security number was “XXX-XX-XXXX.” The indictment for the offense on
appeal reflects the name “Arthur M. Woodson.” During his pretrial colloquy, appellant testified
under oath that his date of birth was “10/16/76.”
The 2001 conviction order reflects that the person convicted by the Circuit Court of the
City of Portsmouth for possession of heroin with the intent to distribute was “Arthur M.
Woodson,” born “10-16-76,” and whose social security number was “XXX-XX-XXXX,” the same
name, date of birth, and social security number given to police by appellant at the time of his
arrest. We conclude that the trial court did not err in finding that the 2001 conviction order
established that appellant was the same person who had been previously convicted of possession
of heroin with intent to distribute.
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The January 18, 1996 conviction order reflects that “Arthur Woodson,” born “January 16,
1976,” was convicted by the Circuit Court of the City of Portsmouth for “selling cocaine.” 5
We have previously held that “‘[i]dentity of names carries with it a [permissible
inference] of identity of person, the strength of which will vary according to the circumstances.’”
Holmes, 41 Va. App. at 692, 589 S.E.2d at 12 (quoting Cook v. Commonwealth, 7 Va. App. 225,
230, 372 S.E.2d 780, 783 (1988)). In addition to the same name as that of appellant, the January
18, 1996 conviction order shows the person convicted had the same day of birth and year of birth
as appellant gave to Officer Huneycutt at the time of his arrest, and which he gave to the trial
court at the beginning of his trial. While the birth month of the person convicted in the 1996
order was January (written numerically as “01”), which differs from that of appellant, October
(written numerically as “10”), the day and year of birth shown on that order are identical to
appellant’s stated day and year of birth. The trial court could reasonably infer from the evidence
presented that appellant was the subject of the 1996 conviction order. See id. at 693, 589 S.E.2d
at 12 (similar “offenses . . . occurred in adjacent jurisdictions, and were committed by adult
males of like age” “add to the strength of the inference”).
From this evidence, the trial court made a specific factual finding that appellant was the
same “Arthur Woodson” named in the 1996 conviction order. A trial court’s factual findings
cannot be disturbed on appeal unless no “‘rational trier of fact’” could have come to the
conclusions it did. Kelly v. Commonwealth, 41 Va. App. 250, 257, 584 S.E.2d 444, 447 (2003)
(en banc) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979)).
We conclude from the record on appeal that the trial court did not err in finding the
evidence presented at trial established that appellant had twice previously been convicted of
5
The 1996 order does not contain a social security number for the person who is the
subject of that order.
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distributing controlled substances. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in imposing the
enhanced punishment for a third conviction of possession with intent to distribute a controlled
substance as required by Code § 18.2-248(C).
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm appellant’s conviction of possession of cocaine with
intent to distribute, third offense, in violation of Code § 18.2-248.
Affirmed.
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Arthur Martinez Woodson v. Commonwealth of Virginia
Combined Opinion