COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judge Kelsey and Retired Judge Stephens*
Argued at Richmond, Virginia
THE MATTAPONI INDIAN TRIBE,
CARL T. LONE EAGLE CUSTALOW, CHIEF
OPINION BY
v. Record No. 2581-03-1 JUDGE D. ARTHUR KELSEY
AUGUST 31, 2004
VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION
AND THE CITY OF NEWPORT NEWS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NEWPORT NEWS
Marc Jacobson, Judge
Eric D. Albert (Hope M. Babcock; Jesse Travis, Law Student Intern;
David S. Bailey; Georgetown University Law Center Institute for
Public Representation; David S. Bailey, L.L.C., on briefs), for
intervenor appellant.
John K. Byrum Jr., Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore,
Attorney General; Roger L. Chaffe, Senior Assistant Attorney
General; Carl Josephson, Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for
appellee Virginia Marine Resources Commission.
George A. Somerville (James E. Ryan, Jr.; M. Scott Hart; Stuart E.
Katz, City Attorney; Allen L. Jackson, Chief Deputy City Attorney;
Troutman Sanders, LLP, on brief), for appellee City of Newport
News.
The City of Newport News filed a circuit court appeal under the Virginia Administrative
Process Act (VAPA), Code § 2.2-4000 et seq. challenging a decision of the Virginia Marine
Resources Commission (VMRC). The Mattaponi Indian Tribe and Chief Carl T. Lone Eagle
Custalow (collectively, the Tribe) sought to intervene in the VAPA circuit court case. On
*
Retired Judge J. Warren Stephens took part in the consideration of this case by
designation pursuant to Code § 17.1-400.
September 25, 2003, the circuit court denied the motion to intervene. The Tribe filed a notice of
appeal on October 7, 2003, which we recorded as Record No. 2581-03-1.
On December 19, 2003, we directed the parties to file briefs addressing the question
whether Code § 17.1-405(4) authorizes this Court to exercise appellate jurisdiction over the
circuit court’s order denying intervention. Having reviewed the briefs and heard oral argument,
we hold that the circuit court’s order was not final and falls outside our interlocutory appellate
jurisdiction under Code § 17.1-405(4). See generally Thrasher v. Lustig, 204 Va. 399, 403, 131
S.E.2d 286, 289 (1963) (noting that “as a general rule interlocutory decrees or orders overruling
motions as to joinder of parties, or a substitution of parties, are not appealable”); cf. Stringfellow
v. Concerned Neighbors in Action, 480 U.S. 370 (1987) (holding that denial of permissive
intervention cannot be subject to interlocutory appeal); Bagwell v. United Mine Workers, 244
Va. 463, 474, 423 S.E.2d 349, 356 (1992), rev’d on other grounds, 512 U.S. 821 (1994) (holding
that an “order denying intervention was not a final, appealable order because it did not dispose of
the whole subject matter of the case,” and thus, the denial order motion can be challenged in an
appeal of the final order).1
1
We disagree that Jones v. Rhea, 130 Va. 345, 369, 107 S.E. 814, 822 (1921), concludes
otherwise. In that case, the Virginia Supreme Court held that it had appellate jurisdiction over an
interlocutory order denying intervention under a statute authorizing appeal of “any” order of the
State Corporation Commission. Id. The statute did “not use the word ‘final.’” Id. Though we
acknowledge the remark in Jones along the lines that the denial order was “final” as to the
intervenors, we reject it as non-binding dicta. See generally Newman v. Newman, 42 Va. App.
557, 566, 593 S.E.2d 533, 538 (2004) (en banc) (“Dicta cannot ‘serve as a source of binding
authority in American jurisprudence.’” (citation omitted)). Cf. Richmond, Fredericksburg and
Potomac R.R. Co. v. Johnson, 99 Va. 282, 284, 38 S.E. 195, 195 (1901) (referring to Jeter v.
Board, 68 (27 Gratt.) Va. 910, 1876 Va. LEXIS 82 (1876), the only citation relied upon in Jones
for its dicta, the Supreme Court stated: “In that case, however, the court was dealing with a final
order, and a glance at the opinion is sufficient to show that the language used by the learned
judge was obiter, and it has been so held by this court in Tucker v. Sandridge, 82 Va. 532.”).
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In their briefs, the parties advise that the underlying VAPA circuit court action has been
settled by Newport News and the VMRC. Based upon that settlement, the circuit court entered a
“Final Decree” remanding the matter back to the VMRC for further proceedings and dismissing
“with prejudice” the VAPA proceeding commenced by Newport News. On April 8, 2004, the
Tribe filed a notice of appeal from the Final Decree. We recorded this appeal as Record No.
0846-04-1. Our decision to reject interlocutory jurisdiction over the intervention order has no
effect on the disposition of the appeal in Record No. 0846-04-1. See generally Smith v.
Woodlawn Constr. Co., 235 Va. 424, 429, 368 S.E.2d 699, 702 (1988) (recognizing the general
rule that an “adverse interlocutory adjudication may be the subject of appeal from the final
adjudication”).
For these reasons, we dismiss without prejudice Record No. 2581-03-1 as outside our
interlocutory appellate jurisdiction under Code § 17.1-405(4).
Dismissed without prejudice.
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