COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Felton, Judge Elder and Senior Judge Willis
Argued at Richmond, Virginia
LATASHA ALON GARDNER, S/K/A
LATHASHA A. GARDNER
MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v. Record No. 0789-07-2 JUDGE LARRY G. ELDER
JULY 1, 2008
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY
William R. Shelton, Judge Designate
Lacey R. Parker, Assistant Public Defender (Office of the Public
Defender, on brief), for appellant.
Joshua M. Didlake, Assistant Attorney General (Robert F.
McDonnell, Attorney General; Office of the Attorney General, on
brief), for appellee.
Latasha Alon Gardner (appellant) appeals from her jury trial conviction for
embezzlement in violation of Code § 18.2-111. On appeal, she contends the circumstantial
evidence was insufficient to support her conviction because it failed to prove the money
allegedly embezzled was actually received by the roofing company for which she was working
as a temporary employee and failed to exclude the possibility that the money, if received, was
not taken by someone else. We hold the evidence was sufficient to support her conviction, and
we affirm.
When considering the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal to support a criminal
conviction, this Court views the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth.
Higginbotham v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 349, 352, 218 S.E.2d 534, 537 (1975). The fact
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
finder is not required to believe all aspects of a witness’s testimony; it may accept some parts as
believable and reject other parts as implausible. Pugliese v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 82, 92,
428 S.E.2d 16, 24 (1993). The jury’s verdict will not be set aside unless it appears that it is
plainly wrong or without supporting evidence. Code § 8.01-680; Traverso v. Commonwealth, 6
Va. App. 172, 176, 366 S.E.2d 719, 721 (1988).
A conviction for embezzlement under Code § 18.2-111 may be sustained on proof that
the accused “wrongfully and fraudulently use[d], dispose[d] of, conceal[ed] or embezzle[d] any
money . . . [s]he shall have received . . . for [her] employer . . . or by virtue of [her] . . .
employment.” Code § 18.2-111; see Waymack v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 547, 549, 358
S.E.2d 765, 766 (1987). Proof of the “‘[u]nauthorized and wrongful exercise of dominion and
control over another’s personal property, to the exclusion of or inconsistent with [the] rights of
the owner,” is sufficient to prove embezzlement. Evans v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 292, 297,
308 S.E.2d 126, 129 (1983) (quoting Black’s Law Dictionary 300 (5th ed. 1979)).
“Circumstantial evidence is as competent and is entitled to as much weight as direct evidence,
provided it is sufficiently convincing to exclude every reasonable hypothesis except that of
guilt.” Coleman v. Commonwealth, 226 Va. 31, 53, 307 S.E.2d 864, 876 (1983). Intent may,
and usually must, be proved by circumstantial evidence, Servis v. Commonwealth, 6 Va. App.
507, 524, 371 S.E.2d 156, 165 (1988), such as a person’s conduct and statements, Long v.
Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 194, 198, 379 S.E.2d 473, 476 (1989). Proof of deceitful conduct,
for example, may establish the requisite fraudulent intent. See Smith v. Commonwealth, 222 Va.
646, 652, 283 S.E.2d 209, 212 (1981) (noting the defendant’s prior inconsistent statements about
his contact with the missing property established his untruthfulness and provided evidence of the
requisite criminal intent, which, in turn, was relevant to establish he was the criminal agent);
Waymack v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 547, 550, 358 S.E.2d 765, 766 (1987) (in reversing the
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defendant’s conviction, noting the absence of evidence that she attempted to conceal her
allegedly criminal activity).
Here, the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, supported
the jury’s finding that appellant “wrongfully and fraudulently use[d], dispose[d] of, conceal[ed]
or embezzle[d] any money . . . [s]he shall have received . . . for [her] employer . . . or by virtue of
[her] . . . employment.” Code § 18.2-111. Immediately before Paula Spradlin—the roofing
company’s “meticulous” officer manager of more than thirty years—departed for her vacation
and left appellant in charge of the company’s administrative office, Spradlin reconciled the cash
and cash tickets in the company safe’s cash drawer and counted the money in the petty cash box,
which was stored on a shelf in the safe. The safe was located in a fireproof “vault” room that
was accessible only through the main administrative office Spradlin normally occupied and
which appellant occupied in her absence. The building was designed such that customers
entering the lobby to conduct business could see into the main administrative office, but the
administrative office was separated from the lobby by a counter and window, and all transactions
conducted with customers were “handled through” that window. The door to the vault room was
kept unlocked during the day only after the person staffing the administrative office had arrived
in the morning.
Before Spradlin departed for her vacation on August 12, 2005, she gave appellant five
hours of training, in which she explained that tickets for cash sales made at the counter, along
with the cash paid for those sales, were to be placed in the safe’s cash drawer. Spradlin also
explained that tickets for charge customers were to be placed in the charge folder at Spradlin’s
desk, which appellant believed Spradlin checked once a month. Upon Spradlin’s return, she
found tickets for two of five cash sales that had occurred in her absence had been misfiled in the
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charge ticket folder she kept at her desk. Upon further investigation, Spradlin determined the
cash drawer was short $623.82 and the petty cash box was short $305.18.
Appellant claimed to have handled only two cash transactions, including one she
completed with Company President Mark Bridenhagen’s assistance, and to have filled out the
cash tickets for only those two cash transactions in Spradlin’s absence. Appellant said those two
transactions were the ones for which Spradlin had found the tickets misfiled with the charge
tickets in the folder at her desk. Appellant claimed she placed those two cash tickets in the
folder because she did not know where else to put them and that she had put the cash received
for those transactions in the cash drawer in the safe. When Spradlin said she and appellant
should reunite the misfiled cash tickets with the money in the cash drawer, 1 appellant “just sat
there” at her desk and made no move to accompany Spradlin to the safe. When Spradlin
discovered the discrepancy in both the cash drawer and the petty cash box and was “frantically
running around the office,” appellant said, “I did what I was told to do.” Appellant then just “sat
there playing a game on her cell phone,” “never got up out of her seat,” and “never looked at
[Spradlin].” Although appellant worked for the company for an additional three days after
Spradlin discovered the money missing, appellant never asked Spradlin if “[she] [found] the
money” or if “everything turn[ed] out all right.”
Despite appellant’s claims that she completed tickets for only two cash transactions and
put those two tickets in the charge folder because she did not know what else to do with them,
both the two misfiled cash tickets, as well as three cash tickets properly placed in the safe’s cash
drawer, bore the same initials, l.g., which were appellant’s initials. The evidence supported a
finding that the handwritten product and pricing information on all five tickets, and the
accompanying “l.g.” initials, were in appellant’s handwriting. Further, in contrast to appellant’s
1
This occurred before Spradlin had determined the drawer and cash box were “short.”
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testimony that she put both of the cash tickets she admitted completing—including the one
Bridenhagen assisted her with—in the charge folder because she did not know what to do with
them, Bridenhagen testified that, as to the transaction in which he participated, he himself put
both the ticket and the cash in the cash drawer.
Finally, the Commonwealth offered testimony from Spradlin, Bridenhagen and the
remaining employees who knew the combination to the safe or were routinely present in the
company’s offices that no one other than appellant could have taken the money. The evidence
established that the safe and vault were locked during non-business hours and that the safe was
kept “closed” even during business hours so it would not be obvious to a casual observer that the
safe could be accessed without the combination. Further, Spradlin, Bridenhagen and the
remaining employees who knew the combination to the safe or were present in the company’s
business offices during that period of time testified that they did not take the money missing
from the safe. Those same employees testified that they saw no unauthorized people present in
the building, no sign that anyone had broken into the vault or safe, and no sign that anything,
other than the money later discovered missing, had been taken. Appellant, whose desk was
closest to the safe and who completed the paperwork for all five cash transactions, told the
detective who interviewed her following her arrest that other than the company’s office
employees, no one was left alone in the company’s office while she was working there that week
and that she was with all guests “the whole time.” The map of the offices introduced at trial
showed that a customer transacting business at the sales window would have to pass through
three doors, in addition to the door to the vault room, in order to gain access to the safe.
The only reasonable hypothesis flowing from this testimony, viewed in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth, is that appellant removed from the cash drawer the ticket and
$323.82 in cash Bridenhagen had deposited there; pocketed that money, along with an additional
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$300 from the cash drawer; and placed that cash ticket and one other in the charge folder, which
she believed Spradlin checked only once a month, in an effort to delay Spradlin’s discovering
$623.82 was missing from the cash drawer. This same evidence, including the denial of all other
employees with access to the safe that they had taken any of the money and appellant’s lack of
concern for the fact that it was missing, supported the finding that appellant also took the
$305.18 missing from the petty cash box, which was also stored in the safe.
The facts of this case are readily distinguishable from those in Simmons v.
Commonwealth, 219 Va. 181, 247 S.E.2d 359 (1978), and Webb v. Commonwealth, 204 Va. 24,
129 S.E.2d 22 (1963), relied upon by appellant. In Simmons, although the defendant’s
unexplained absence from his job site after a theft there was suspicious, no evidence established
whether the defendant ever appeared to work his shift as scheduled on the night in question, and
it was undisputed that the gas station had been robbed on 24 previous occasions and was left
unlocked and unguarded overnight before the theft at issue was discovered. 219 Va. at 182-83,
247 S.E.2d at 359-60. On those facts, the Court held “resolution of the critical issue of whether
Simmons asported the missing items from the station depend[ed] upon conjecture and surmise
rather than upon proven facts” and, thus, that reversal of his conviction was required. Id. at 183,
247 S.E.2d at 360. In appellant’s case, in contrast to Simmons, the evidence supported a finding
that appellant was the only person who could have taken the money. Coupled with appellant’s
untruthful statements about the number of cash tickets she prepared in Spradlin’s absence and the
indifferent attitude she displayed when Spradlin discovered the money was missing, this
evidence was sufficient to prove appellant’s guilt.
In Webb, the Court held the evidence was insufficient to support the defendant’s
conviction for embezzlement because “[a]ll of the employees of the office received payments on
accounts, made change from the cash drawer, borrowed money from it, and cashed their own
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checks and those of customers out of the cash drawer.” 204 Va. at 35, 129 S.E.2d at 30. In
addition, the shortage claimed in that case involved several years’ worth of financial records, and
the Court held a detailed accounting would be required before it could be determined whether the
defendant was responsible for any shortfalls. Id. In appellant’s case, by contrast, the period of
time involved was approximately ten days rather than several years; the evidence supported a
finding that appellant handled the paperwork for all relevant cash transactions during that period
of time; and the audit performed by Spradlin, known for her “meticulous[ness]” in performing
her job, definitively established a shortfall of $929. Finally, as set out above, the evidence
supported a finding that the only other people with access to the funds were other employees of
the company who worked in the office, and those employees all testified and denied taking the
money. Unlike in Webb, the evidence established appellant was the only person who could have
converted the funds.
The only reasonable hypothesis flowing from the evidence, viewed in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth, was that appellant embezzled from her employer United States
currency having a value of more than $200, as charged in the indictment. Thus, we hold the
evidence was sufficient to support appellant’s conviction for embezzlement, and we affirm.
Affirmed.
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