COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Felton, Senior Judges Willis and Annunziata
Argued at Alexandria, Virginia
PATRICK R. DELANEY
MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v. Record No. 0460-07-4 JUDGE JERE M. H. WILLIS, JR.
DECEMBER 27, 2007
MARY C. DELANEY
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA
Lisa B. Kemler, Judge
Patrick R. Delaney, pro se.
George E. Tuttle, Jr., for appellee.
On appeal from the trial court’s denial of his petition to modify his previously ordered
child-support obligation, Patrick R. Delaney contends the trial court erred (1) in granting Mary C.
Delaney’s motion to strike his evidence, (2) in holding that he is voluntarily underemployed, (3) in
holding that his “efforts to obtain employment [were] not sufficient,” and (4) in ordering him to pay
a portion of Ms. Delaney’s attorney’s fees. Ms. Delaney requests that this Court “award to her the
entire attorney’s fees incurred and claimed [by her] in the proceeding below.” We affirm the
judgment of the trial court.
BACKGROUND
On appeal, we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light
most favorable to Ms. Delaney as the party prevailing below. See McGuire v. McGuire, 10
Va. App. 248, 250, 391 S.E.2d 344, 346 (1990).
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
The parties were married on August 1, 1992 and were divorced by final decree dated July
9, 2001. Three children were born of the marriage. A November 13, 2002 consent decree
required Mr. Delaney to pay Ms. Delaney $1,917 monthly child support.
On September 14, 2006, Mr. Delaney moved to modify his child support obligation,
alleging a change in circumstances due to his recent unemployment. He claimed that he had
been effectively terminated from the law firm at which he worked as an associate. He introduced
evidence demonstrating the breakdown in his relationship with his superiors at the firm. It was
uncontroverted, however, that he had not been fired, but had resigned his position with the firm
on September 1, 2006.
The trial court held that Mr. Delaney had failed to meet his burden of establishing a
faultless material change in circumstances warranting a modification of his child support
obligation.
ANALYSIS
I. through III.
“Decisions concerning child support rest within the sound discretion of the trial court and
will not be reversed on appeal unless plainly wrong or unsupported by the evidence.” Smith v.
Smith, 18 Va. App. 427, 433, 444 S.E.2d 269, 274 (1994).
The Virginia Supreme Court has described the burden of proof resting upon a party
seeking reduction of a previously ordered child support obligation as follows:
When invoking the divorce court’s continuing jurisdiction
under Code § 20-108, following entry of a final decree of divorce,
a party seeking a change in court-ordered child support has the
burden to prove by a preponderance of the evidence a material
change in circumstances justifying modification of the support
requirement. Edwards [v. Lowry], 232 Va. [110,] 112, 348 S.E.2d
[259,] 261 [(1986)]. In discharging this burden, a father seeking a
reduction in support payments must also make a full and clear
disclosure about his ability to pay, and he must show his claimed
lack of ability to pay is not due to his own voluntary act or because
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of his neglect. Id. at 112-13, 348 S.E.2d at 261. In other words,
the father must establish that he is not “voluntarily unemployed or
voluntarily under employed.” Code § 20-108.1(B)(3).
Antonelli v. Antonelli, 242 Va. 152, 154, 409 S.E.2d 117, 119 (1991).
Generally, “a trial court determining child support is required to impute income to a
parent who is found to be voluntarily underemployed.” Niemiec v. Department of Soc. Servs.,
27 Va. App. 446, 451, 499 S.E.2d 576, 579 (1998) (citing Code § 20-108.1(B)(3)). “Whether a
person is voluntarily . . . underemployed is a factual determination.” Blackburn v. Michael, 30
Va. App. 95, 102, 515 S.E.2d 780, 784 (1999). In determining whether to impute income to a
party, “the trial court must ‘consider the [party’s] earning capacity, financial resources, education
and training, ability to secure such education and training, and other factors relevant to the
equities of the parents and the children.’” Id. (quoting Niemiec, 27 Va. App. at 451, 499 S.E.2d
at 579 (citing Code § 20-108.1(B))). “The decision to impute income is within the sound
discretion of the trial court and . . . will not be reversed unless plainly wrong or unsupported by
the evidence.” Id.
We have distinguished between an obligor’s burden of proof in cases involving a request
for reduction of an existing court-ordered child support obligation and the burden of proof
imposed on a party seeking imputation of income to another for purposes of an initial support
award, as follows:
Although the word, “imputation,” is used in this context,
the burden of proof remains on husband, not on wife who is
arguing for imputation, unlike cases asking for imputed income at
the time of the initial award. Here, the trial court had previously
set an amount of support, based on husband’s then-salary from [his
job at the time of the initial award]. Thus, wife’s request for
imputation is basically an argument in support of continuing the
initial award. Husband, on the other hand, is asking the court to
reduce the previously set support amount. In meeting his burden
on the motion to reduce the awarded support, husband must prove,
among other issues, that he should not have his previous income
from [his job at the time of the initial award] imputed to him.
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Hatloy v. Hatloy, 41 Va. App. 667, 672 n.3, 588 S.E.2d 389, 391 n.3 (2003); see also Stockdale
v. Stockdale, 33 Va. App. 179, 184, 532 S.E.2d 332, 335 (2000) (“The burdens of production
and persuasion are generally allocated to the party seeking to disturb the status quo.”).
Mr. Delaney, seeking reduction of an existing court-ordered support obligation based on
an alleged decrease in his earning capacity, was obliged to demonstrate that his income at the
time of the original award should not be imputed to him. Id. Cf. Niemiec, 27 Va. App. at 451,
499 S.E.2d at 579. Only after he satisfied that threshold burden did the burden of proof shift to
Ms. Delaney to show that he was voluntarily foregoing more gainful employment. See Hatloy,
41 Va. App. at 673-74, 588 S.E.2d at 392
The evidence disclosed that Mr. Delaney resigned his position on September 1, 2006. He
introduced into evidence correspondence demonstrating his supervisors’ displeasure with his
attitude. His demand for promotion, his personal manner, and his disregard for firm protocol had
created tension within the firm and with his superiors. However, the introduced correspondence
indicated that while his situation at the firm was deteriorating, his supervisors had not decided to
discharge him. Furthermore, he became privy to the correspondence only after resigning his
position, belying his assertion that he left his job due to his impending termination.
The trial court noted that Mr. Delaney “voluntarily resigned from his job and did so at a
time when he had no other viable prospects for employment and, at the same time, had a child
support obligation in the amount of approximately $1,900 per month.” Although Mr. Delaney
claimed his termination from the law firm was imminent, the evidence did not establish this, but
proved rather that his September 1, 2006 resignation was voluntary. Concluding Mr. Delaney’s
“decision to leave his employment without having obtained new employment necessarily
evidenced a careless disregard for [his] support obligations,” the trial court held that there had
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occurred no faultless change of circumstances warranting a change in Mr. Delaney’s support
obligation. The evidence supports this holding.
“The Supreme Court’s analysis in Antonelli makes clear that actions which are either
purposefully taken with the desire to evade one’s support obligations or which evidence a
careless disregard for one’s support obligations, can constitute ‘wrong doing’ sufficient to
warrant imputation of income.” Mansfield v. Taylor, 24 Va. App. 108, 114, 480 S.E.2d 752, 755
(1997). Mr. Delaney’s decision to leave his job without having secured other employment
suitable to meet his support obligation displays a careless disregard of that obligation.
Because Mr. Delaney failed to carry his burden of proving that his income when the
original support order was entered should not be imputed to him, the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in imputing that income to him. Thus, he failed to prove a cognizable change in
circumstances. Accordingly, we find no error in the trial court’s striking Mr. Delaney’s evidence
and its denial of his motion to modify his child support obligation.
IV.
An award of attorney’s fees in a divorce suit is discretionary with the court upon
consideration of the circumstances and equities of the entire case and is reviewable on appeal
only for an abuse of discretion. Gamer v. Gamer, 16 Va. App. 335, 346, 429 S.E.2d 618, 626
(1993). The trial court considered evidence that mother’s counsel was uncooperative in
responding to discovery requests and had unnecessarily protracted the litigation. It awarded wife
half the amount of her attorney’s fees and costs. Based on the record before us, we cannot say
the trial court abused its discretion in making this award.
Affirmed.
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Patrick R. Delaney v. Mary C. Delaney
Combined Opinion