IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
October 8, 2003 Session
THOMAS K. BOWERS v. GUTTERGUARD OF TENNESSEE, INC.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County
No. 02C-2175 Hamilton V. Garden, Jr., Judge
No. M2002-02877-COA-R3-CV - Filed December 17, 2003
The defendant challenges the Circuit Court’s dismissal of an appeal from General Sessions Court
for failure to comply with Davidson County Local Rule of Practice 20(b). The Local Rule required
the appealing party to set the matter for trial no more than 45 days following the Circuit Court
Clerk’s receipt of the appeal. Though the defendant had filed a motion to set, an order setting the
matter for trial had not been entered when the Circuit Judge dismissed the appeal and made the
judgment of the General Sessions Court the final judgment. The defendant/appellant sought Rule
60.02(1) relief, claiming excusable neglect, which was denied. Based upon recent authority,
determination of “excusable neglect” for Rule 60 purposes now requires an evaluation of three
factors: whether the defaulting party’s conduct was willful, whether there exists a meritorious
defense, and whether the non-defaulting party has been prejudiced. We find the defendant’s
negligence was not willful and that the plaintiff suffered no prejudice; however, the record is silent
concerning whether the defendant has a meritorious defense. Therefore, we reverse the trial court
and remand the matter to the Circuit Court for further proceedings consistent with this ruling.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of right; Judgment of the Circuit Court
Reversed and Remanded
FRANK G. CLEMENT , JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which WILLIAM C. KOCH , JR.,
PJ, M.S., and PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, J., joined.
Michael D. Fitzgerald, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Gutterguard of Tennessee, Inc.
W. H. (Steve) Stephenson, II, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellee, Thomas K. Bowers.
OPINION
The issue presented is whether the Circuit Court abused its discretion by denying
Appellant/Gutterguard relief under Tenn.R.Civ.P. 60.02(1) and dismissing its case for failure to
comply with Davidson County Local Rule Of Practice 20(b). Specifically, Appellant argues that it
filed its Motion to Set Trial while the matter was active on the docket, that no delay resulted from
the noncompliance, and Appellee suffered no prejudice from the delay.
The procedural history of the case is brief. Appellee, Thomas Bowers, sued Gutterguard of
Tennessee, Inc., Appellant, in the General Sessions Court of Davidson County alleging that
Gutterguard had breached its contract and had damaged his lawn. The General Sessions Court
awarded judgment against Gutterguard in the amount of $6,000, and Gutterguard appealed to the
Davidson County Circuit Court.
On July 25, 2002, Gutterguard filed its appeal bond and, on the same date, the attorney for
Gutterguard signed a document entitled “Notice to the Appellant” which succinctly states in bold
print, “As the Appellant, it is your responsibility to take the necessary steps to have this case set on
the docket within 45 days of its arrival in Circuit Court.” In a letter to Bowers’ attorney, dated
August 2, 2002, the Circuit Court Clerk advised that the appeal had been received by the Clerk’s
office on August 1, 2002, that the appeal had been assigned to the First Circuit Court, and that
“Pursuant to Local Rule 20(b), the case shall be set for trial within forty-five (45) days from the date
the Circuit Court Clerk files the appealed warrant.” In its letter the Clerk further advised, “If the case
is not set within 45 days, an order will be entered making the judgment of the General Sessions
Court the judgment of the Circuit Court with costs taxed to the appellant.” This notice from the
Clerk was received by Bowers’ attorney on August 6, 2002; however, Gutterguard’s attorney did not
receive the notice.
Two pertinent motions were filed 46 and 47 days, respectively, following the “arrival” of the
appeal in Circuit Court. On September 17, 2002, Bowers filed a motion to dismiss the appeal
pursuant to Local Rule 20(b) and to have the judgment of the General Sessions Court entered as the
judgment of the Circuit Court. The following day, Gutterguard filed a motion to set the matter for
trial. Neither motion was heard until October 4, 2002. At the hearing, the Circuit Court denied
Gutterguard’s motion to set the matter for trial and granted Bowers’ motion awarding judgment of
$6,000 against Gutterguard.
Gutterguard promptly filed a motion seeking relief under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1).
Gutterguard’s motion for Rule 60 relief was supported by the affidavit of its attorney, Michael
Fitzgerald, who testified that he did not receive a copy of the August 2, 2002 letter from the Clerk,
which had been sent to Bowers’ attorney. Thus, he asserts he did not know when the 45-day time
period began to run. Fitzgerald further testified that he contacted the Clerk’s office on September
13, 2002 to obtain available trial dates and that he filed a motion to set the case for trial while the
case was still active. Furthermore, Fitzgerald stated that the available trial dates provided by the
Clerk were not until January, 2003.
Bowers filed a response in opposition to Gutterguard’s Rule 60 motion supported by a
memorandum of law and facts. The facts Bowers relied on were limited to the procedural history
set forth in the court’s record. Bowers did not file affidavits, nor did he provide any evidence in
opposition to the Rule 60 motion.
2
Gutterguard’s Rule 60 motion was heard on November 1, 2002 and was denied by the Circuit
Court. The order denying Gutterguard’s motion does not set forth findings of fact; it merely states
that the Court is of the opinion that Gutterguard’s motion is not well taken and should be denied.
Gutterguard asserts that the Circuit Court committed reversible error when it denied its
motion seeking relief under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1). It relies on three primary facts: (1) the case
was active when it filed the motion to set, (2) no delay resulted from the noncompliance for the
matter could not be heard until January, 2003 at the earliest, and (3) Bowers suffered no prejudice.
Standard of Review
Appellate Courts review decisions dealing with Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02 under an abuse of
discretion standard since these requests for relief are “addressed to the trial court’s discretion.”
McCracken v. Brentwood United Methodist Church, 958 S.W. 2d 792, 795 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1997).
We give great deference to the trial court’s decision to grant or deny relief pursuant to Rule 60.02.
Henry v. Goins, 104 S.W. 3d 475, 479 (Tenn. 2003); See Underwood v. Zurich Ins. Co., 854 S.W.
2d 94, 97 (Tenn. 1993). Therefore, the trial court’s ruling will not be set aside unless it has abused
its discretion. Henry at 479; See Underwood at 97. An appellate court is not permitted to substitute
its judgment for that of the trial court under an abuse of discretion standard. Henry at 479; See
Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W. 3d 82, 85 (Tenn. 2001). Only when a trial court has “ ‘applied an
incorrect legal standard, or reached a decision which is against logic or reasoning that caused an
injustice to the party complaining’” is the trial court found to have abused its discretion. State v.
Stevens, 78 S.W. 3d 817, 832 (Tenn. 2002) (quoting State v. Shuck, 953 S.W. 2d 662, 669 (Tenn.
1997)).
Analysis
The issue before the Court centers on the interplay between Rule 20(b), Davidson County
Local Rules Of Practice, and Rule 60.02(1), Tenn. R. Civ. P. Specifically, it pertains to the technical
application of a local rule, which forecloses a litigant's day in court, and the stated goal of the
Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, which is “to insure that cases and controversies be determined
upon their merits and not upon legal technicalities or procedural niceties.” Doyle v. Frost, 49 S.W.
3d 853, 856 (Tenn. 2001) (quoting Karash v. Pigott, 530 S.W. 2d 775, 777 (Tenn. 1975)). (See also
Rule 1, Tenn. R. Civ. P., which provides that the Rules should “be construed to secure the just,
speedy and inexpensive determination of every action.”)
While the judges of each district are authorized by the legislature to promulgate rules of
practice, “Such rules shall be consistent with the statutory law, the Rules of the Supreme Court and
the Rules of Criminal and Civil Procedure.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 16-2-511. The Tennessee Rules of
Civil Procedure are “laws” of this state and cannot be modified or abrogated by a rule of Court.
Brown v. Daly, 884 S.W. 2d 121 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1994).
3
Davidson County Local Rule of Practice 20(b) provides:
Once the warrant being appealed is received by and filed with the Circuit
Court Clerk, the appellant has the duty to set the appeal for a hearing before a trial
judge. The appellant has forty-five (45) days to secure a trial date from the court.
This time is counted from the date the Circuit Court Clerk files the appealed warrant.
If the appellant fails to secure this order within the 45-day time period, an order will
be entered making the judgment of the General Sessions Court the judgment of the
Circuit Court with costs taxed to the appellant. At the time the appeal is perfected
in the Clerk’s office, the clerk shall give the appellant or the appellant’s attorney
written notice of this rule.
Rule 60.02(1), Tenn. R. Civ. P., authorizes a court to relieve a party or its legal representative
from a final judgment, order or proceeding because of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable
neglect. Discussing the purpose of Rule 60.02, the Court of Appeals reasoned:
Rule 60.02 “was designed to strike a proper balance between the competing
principles of finality and justice.” (citations omitted). Rule 60.02 “acts as an escape
valve from possible inequity that might otherwise arise from the unrelenting
imposition of the principle of finality imbedded in our procedural rules.” (citations
omitted). Because of the importance of this “principle of finality,” the “escape
valve” should not be easily opened. (citations omitted).
Rogers v. Estate of Russell, 50 S.W. 3d 441, 444-445 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001).
While Rule 60 is a vehicle for relief from excusable neglect, it is not intended to be liberally
applied in the absence of appropriate grounds for relief. The movant has the burden to show just
cause for relief. “The burden is upon the movant to set forth in a motion or petition and supporting
affidavits facts explaining why the movant was justified in failing to avoid the mistake, inadvertence,
surprise or neglect.” Tennessee State Bank v. Lay, 609 S.W. 2d 525, 527 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980)
(citing Hopkins v. Hopkins, 572 S.W. 2d 639 (Tenn.1978)).
An insight as to the spirit under which rules of procedure should be interpreted is provided
by the Tennessee Supreme Court in Childress v. Bennett:
The prime function and purpose of the judicial system is to settle, determine and end
differences between contending parties. Tenn. Juris., 1983, Vol. 8, Courts, Sec. 2.
Courts should not act arbitrarily in their judgments, and it is the general rule that
courts are reluctant to give effect to rules of procedure which seem harsh and unfair,
and which prevent a litigant from having a claim adjudicated upon its merits.
Childress v. Bennett, 816 S.W. 2d 314, 316 (Tenn. 1991).
4
Moreover, a view in favor of deciding cases on the merits is explained in Keck v. Nationwide
Systems, Inc., 499 S.W. 2d 266, 267 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1973):
One can find numerous decisions where the courts make it clear they are anxious to
see cases determined on the merits whenever such is possible. It seems to be a
universal rule that when there is a reasonable doubt as to whether a default judgment
should be set aside upon proper application, the court should exercise its discretion
in favor of granting the application so as to permit a determination of the cause upon
the merits.
Id. at 267.
In Abbott v. Gateway, an unreported opinion, the court dealt with another case involving the
interpretation and application of Local Rule 20(b) in conjunction with Rule 60.02(1), Tenn. R. Civ.
P., under facts that are similar to the instant case. Abbott v. Gateway, No. M1999-00653-COA.-R3-
CV, 2000 WL 1038113 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 28, 2000). In Abbott, the party who appealed from the
General Sessions Court to the Circuit Court failed to timely file a Motion to Set. As a consequence,
the trial court, just as here, dismissed the appeal and made the General Sessions judgment a
judgment of the trial court. The aggrieved party then sought relief under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1),
which was denied. The aggrieved party’s attorney asserted in his affidavit that he did not receive a
notice from the clerk indicating that the case had been docketed and not set as required by Local Rule
20(b) and was on the verge of being dismissed. The appellee on the other hand, stated that she had
received a notice of appeal filed by the appellant and a letter from the clerk indicating that the case
had been docketed.
In its analysis of whether relief was proper under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1), the Abbott Court
commented, “This Court has held that ‘[n]egligence on the part of the moving party[is] precisely the
type of error a Rule 60 motion is designed to relieve.’” Abbott at *2 (quoting Tennessee State Bank
v. Lay, 609 S.W. 2d 525, 527 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980) (wherein the court held that, “mistake,
inadvertence, surprise excusable neglect or misfortune of the moving party’s attorney may be
grounds for vacating a default judgment”). Moreover, the Abbott Court found as important the
efforts of the moving party to correct its error and the level of prejudice that the moving party has
suffered as a result of the mistake or inadvertence. Abbott at *3.
In finding relief under Rule 60.02(1) proper, the Abbott Court considered that appellant’s
counsel was at fault, not the appellant, and that appellant’s counsel “took immediate action to correct
his oversight” by filing a motion to set aside the dismissal within a day of receiving the Circuit
Court’s order of dismissal. Abbott at *3. As for prejudice to the appellee, the Court found that there
was no evidence that she would be prejudiced by the delay of the appeal in the circuit court.
In a very recent opinion, May 2003, the Tennessee Supreme Court thoroughly addressed a
Rule 60.02(1) request for relief from the dismissal of a case for failure to prosecute under the Local
Rules of Practice of the Courts of Record of Davidson County 37.02. Henry v. Goins, 104 S.W.3d
5
475 (Tenn. 2003). (Unlike the facts in the instant case, the trial judge granted the request for Rule
60.02 relief and the intermediate appellate court held that the trial court had erred in setting aside the
dismissal.) In Henry, the Court reasoned that the dismissal of a case for failure to prosecute “is
analogous to a default judgment.” Id. at 481. Comparing the two, the Court said:
When a defendant fails to answer a complaint, the plaintiff may obtain a default
judgment without a hearing on the merits. When a plaintiff fails to prosecute the
case, the defendant may receive a judgment of dismissal without a hearing on the
merits. Both dismissals and default judgments are drastic sanctions. (citations
omitted) Neither dismissals nor default judgments are favored by the courts.
(citations omitted) Dismissals based on procedural grounds like failure to prosecute
and default judgments run counter to the judicial system’s general objective of
disposing of cases on the merits. See, e.g., Childress v. Bennett, 816 S.W.2d 314,
316 (Tenn. 1991) (observing that “it is the general rule that courts are reluctant to
give effect to rules of procedure . . . which prevent a litigant from having a claim
adjudicated upon its merits”); Barbee, 689 S.W.2d at 866 (stating that in the interests
of justice, courts express a clear preference for a trial on the merits).
Id. at 481.
Following its analysis, the Henry Court concluded that the factors pertinent to setting aside
a default judgment should apply when relief from an order of dismissal is sought under Rule
60.02(1). Specifically, the Court held:
Because of the similarity between default judgments and dismissals, we find
instructive those factors that are used to determine if a default judgment should be
vacated under Rule 60.02(1). Those factors include: (1) whether the default was
willful; (2) whether the defendant has a meritorious defense; and (3) whether the non-
defaulting party would be prejudiced if relief were granted. (citations omitted).
These same factors should apply in cases when relief from an order of dismissal is
sought under Rule 60.02(1).
Id. at 481.
Analyzing the first factor, the Henry Court found that the movants were not at fault for the
trial court's sua sponte dismissal because the trial court had not provided notice that it was
considering dismissal of the case, thus preventing the movants from taking action to prevent the
dismissal. Further, the movants showed proof that the parties had been negotiating toward a
settlement and thus the case had not been "dormant." In regards to the second factor, the Court
found that it was clear that movant's claim was meritorious because after reinstatement of their
claims, the movants prevailed at trial. With respect to the third factor, the Court found that the party
who opposed Rule 60.02(1) relief did not contend that any specific prejudice would result by
reinstatement of the claims. The Court stated, " Simply having to proceed to trial does not constitute
6
prejudice, nor does the mere passage of time." Id. at 482. Ultimately, the Court found that the
movants were entitled to Rule 60.02(1) relief under the ground of excusable neglect.
Henry placed particular importance on the fact the movant had no notice of the impending
dismissal stating, "When a party has no notice of a critical step in a court proceeding, the
circumstances may make out a case of excusable neglect." Id. at 480. Observing that Rule 55.01,
Tenn. R. Civ. P., requires notice to be given before a default judgment is granted, the Court
concluded that such liberality is especially warranted in a Rule 60 proceeding when an order of
dismissal is entered without procedural safeguards such as notice. A request to vacate an order of
dismissal pursuant to Rule 60.02 should be granted under the same circumstances as a motion to
vacate a default judgment when there is no notice. Id. at 481. The Court reasoned that, "A request
to vacate a default judgment in accordance with Rule 60.02 should be granted if there is reasonable
doubt as to the justness of dismissing the case before it can be heard on its merits." Henry at 481.
While Henry applies Rule 55 factors1 to a Rule 60.02(1) motion, it does not address how the
Rule 55 factors are to be applied in relation to the Rule 60.02(1) reasons of “mistake, inadvertence,
surprise or excusable neglect.” Accordingly, we must consider whether the Henry/Rule 55 factors
supersede the Rule 60.02(1) reasons2 or whether they are to be applied along with Rule 60.02(1)
reasons, such as excusable neglect.
There is a substantial body of case law interpreting the application of the Rule 60.02(1)
reasons. This Court discussed excusable neglect at great length in another context (dealing with
excusable neglect under Rule 6.02,3 Tenn. R. Civ. P.) in State ex rel. Sizemore v. United Physicians
Ins. Risk Retention Group, 56 S.W.3d 557, 566-571 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001), and found the following
factors (circumstances) pertinent:
1
W e refer to the three new factors as Rule 55 factors however they are not found in Rule 55. They find their
origin in case law and have frequently been applied in the Federal courts to Rule 55 and Rule 60(b)(1), F. R. Civ. P.
In applying Rule 60(b)(1) in the context of default judgments, courts have gone beyond the bare
wording of the rule and established certain criteria which should be considered in deciding whether
the designated standards have been satisfied. These criteria, which are conspicuously absent from
the decision below, include (1) whether the default was willful; (2) whether defendant has a
meritorious defense; and (3) the level of prejudice that may occur to the non-defaulting party if
relief is granted.
Davis v. Musler, 713 F.2d 907, 915 (2 nd Cir. 1983), (citing Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 836 (D.C. Cir. 1980)
and Medunic v. Lederer, 533 F.2d 891,893 (3d Cir. 1976)). cf. Meehan v. Snow, 652 F.2d 274, 277 (2d. Cir. 1981)
(applying these criteria in reviewing a motion to set aside the entry of a default under the more lenient “good cause
shown” standard of Rule 55(c)).
2
The reasons under subsection (1) of Rule 60.02, Tenn. R. Civ. P., are “mistake, inadvertence, surprise or
excusable neglect.”
3
Not to be confused with Rule 60.02, Tenn. R. Civ. P .
7
[N]ot all negligence can be indulged. To do that would read out of the excusable
neglect principle the requirement that the neglect must first be found excusable.
Finding whether neglect is excusable is an equitable determination "taking account
of all relevant circumstances surrounding the party's omission." Pioneer Inv. Servs.
Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Ltd. P'ship, 507 U.S. at 395, 113 S.Ct. at 1498; Dubuc v.
Green Oak Township, 958 F.Supp. 1231, 1241 (E.D.Mich.1997). The relevant
circumstances envelop the big picture of both causes and effects, including (1) the
danger of prejudice to the party opposing the late filing, (2) the length of the delay
and its potential impact on proceedings, (3) the reason why the filing was late and
whether that reason or reasons were within the filer's reasonable control, and (4) the
filer's good or bad faith. Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs. Ltd. P'ship,
507 U.S. at 395, 113 S.Ct. at 1498; In re SPR Corp., 45 F.3d 70, 72 (4th Cir.1995);
In re Nunez, 196 B.R. 150, 157 (9th Cir.BAP 1996). These circumstances must be
weighed both with and against each other because, if considered separately, they may
not all point in the same direction in a particular case. In re Keene Corp., 188 B.R.
903, 909 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1995); In re Nickels Performance Sys., Inc., 169 B.R. 647,
651 (Bankr.E.D.Tenn.1994).
Id. at 567.
If we interpret the Henry/Rule 55 factors as superseding Sizemore and other cases which
construed Rule 60.02(1) it would constitute an amendment to Rule 60.02 for the consequence would
be a substitution of “willfulness, meritorious defense and prejudice” for the Rule 60.02(1) reasons
of “mistake, inadvertence, surprise and excusable neglect.” We do not believe our Supreme Court
intended such and hold that the Rule 60.02(1) reasons, such as excusable neglect, are still applicable
as well as the relevant cases such as Sizemore.
Having found that reasons such as excusable neglect survive Henry, we are presented with
yet another issue, that being how these factors and reasons are to be weighed with and against each
other. The origin of the three Henry/Rule 55 factors can be found in the Federal courts. Tennessee
Department of Human Services v. Barbee, 689 S.W.2d 863 (Tenn. 1985), cited frequently in Henry,
quoted several Federal cases. See Barbee and Davis v. Musler, 713 F.2d 907 at 915 (2nd Cir. 1983).
These cases lead us back to Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831 (D.C. Cir. 1980). Jackson, which applied
the same three factors as Henry. Jackson held that Rule 55 default judgments are designed to handle
a “totally unresponsive” party and that trial courts should not grant default judgments in cases that
do not present the problem of a totally unresponsive party.
This is not a case in which a default judgment was necessary because the defendants
were “essentially unresponsive.” Within twenty days of the filing of the complaint,
the defendants moved to stop proceedings pending arbitration, and, by the time the
default judgment was entered, they had filed a motion for permission to answer out
of time and an answer. Since this case does not present the problem that default
judgments are designed to handle a totally unresponsive party the district court
8
should have considered three criteria in deciding whether to set aside the default:
“whether (1) the default was willful, (2) a set-aside would prejudice plaintiff, and (3)
the alleged defense was meritorious.” (citation omitted). Balancing these factors as
they appear in the case at bar indicates that the default should have been set aside.
Id. at 836.
The pertinent aspect of Jackson is the realization that courts distinguish when the three
Henry/Rule 55 factors apply, or do not apply. While Jackson is merely persuasive in its holding that
Rule 60.02(1) reasons are less relevant than the three Henry/Rule 55 factors when the defaulting
party is not essentially unresponsive, Henry makes it mandatory. Accordingly, we find that when
the defaulting party is not essentially unresponsive, the Henry/Rule 55 factors not only apply but they
are more relevant than the reasons under Rule 60.02(1) of mistake, inadvertence, surprise or
excusable neglect.
Therefore, we will consider the Henry/Rule 55.02 factors along with the Rule 60.02(1)
reasons, weighing them with and against each other to obtain a proper perspective, as suggested
above and in Sizemore, under the umbrella of the general rule that courts are reluctant to give effect
to rules of procedure which prevent a litigant from having a claim adjudicated upon its merits. See
Barbee at 866 and Henry at 481 (stating that in the interests of justice, courts express a clear
preference for a trial on the merits.)
The first Henry factor is whether the default was willful. In preparation for setting the matter
for trial, Gutterguard’s attorney had inquired with the Clerk prior to the expiration of the 45-day
period to obtain available trial dates. When Gutterguard filed its motion to set the case for trial, the
case was still active, though the motion was filed two days after the expiration of the 45-day period.
Further, Gutterguard’s attorney insists that he did not receive notice of the commencement of the 45-
day period. In finding relief under Rule 60.02(1) proper in Abbott, the Court considered that the
appellant’s counsel was at fault, not the appellant, and that the appellant’s counsel “took immediate
action to correct his oversight” by filing a motion to set aside the dismissal within a day of receiving
the Circuit Court’s order of dismissal. Abbott at *3. Accordingly, though we find that Gutterguard
was in violation of Local Rule 20(b) when it filed its motion, we also find that such violation was
not willful.
The second Henry factor requires Gutterguard to show it has a meritorious defense. Neither
party presented any evidence concerning whether Gutterguard has a meritorious defense. In fairness
to counsel and the trial court, this was not a relevant factor when the motion was heard; however,
while this matter was on appeal our Supreme Court mandated that this factor be considered. Id. at
481.
The third Henry factor is prejudice. Bowers acknowledges it has suffered no prejudice other
than the cost of this appeal and the delay resulting from the dismissal and this appeal. As stated in
Henry, “Simply having to proceed to trial does not constitute prejudice, nor does the mere passage
9
of time.” Henry at 482. Accordingly, we find that Bowers would not have been prejudiced if the
relief had been granted by the trial court.
Sizemore factor number one (prejudice) is consistent with Henry factor three (prejudice) and
Sizemore factor number four (good or bad faith) is consistent with Henry factor one (willfulness).
They, therefore, require no further discussion. Accordingly, we will evaluate the second and third
Sizemore factors.
The second Sizemore factor is the length of the delay and its potential impact on the
proceedings. Gutterguard filed the motion to set two days after the 45 day period expired. Indeed,
this is in violation of the Local Rule, yet the motion was filed prior to the dismissal of the action.
Moreover, once the trial court dismissed the action upon motion of the plaintiff, Gutterguard filed
its Rule 60 motion within one week of the dismissal. Accordingly, we find the delay of two days
a violation that is less than egregious considering the fact that Gutterguard did not have actual
knowledge of the commencement of the 45 day deadline4. Moreover, the record shows that the
matter could not have been tried until January 27 of the following year, some four months after the
motion was filed, had the motion to set for trial been granted.
The final factor to be considered is the third Sizemore factor, which pertains to the reason for
the delay and whether the reasons were within Appellant’s reasonable control. Clearly, filing the
motion to set the matter for trial was within the control of Gutterguard. Specifically, counsel could
have immediately filed a motion to set without waiting 47 days following the arrival of the file in
the Circuit Court Clerk’s office. While Gutterguard’s counsel may not have received notice of the
date the file “arrived” in the Circuit Court Clerk’s office, its counsel was aware of the time
constraints and was aware that it was his affirmative duty to see that the matter was set for trial no
later than 45 days from the arrival of the file in the Clerk’s office. While counsel may not have
known the exact date the clock started ticking, he was clearly negligent in waiting 47 days from the
arrival of the file in the Circuit Court Clerk’s office and 54 days from the date he perfected his appeal
to the Circuit Court. Accordingly, the “reason for the delay” is obvious, it was the inattention and
neglect of counsel for Gutterguard.
While the facts before us are consistent with Abbott, wherein the Court of Appeals granted
Rule 60 relief, we must consider factors that were not applicable when Abbott was decided.
Particularly, one of the three Henry factors, meritorious defense, was not considered by the parties
or the trial court. In fairness, the parties and the trial court did not consider the new Henry factors
for Henry was decided after this appeal was perfected. As a result, there is no evidence in the record
for us to make a determination. In Blount County Educ. Ass’n v. Blount County Bd. of Educ., 78
S.W. 3d 307, 320 (Tenn. Ct. App., 2002), the Court was confronted with a record that was
4
Nevertheless, Gutterguard’s counsel was clearly negligent in not inquiring with the Circuit Court Clerk’s
Office, having actual notice that he had the affirmative duty to act within a short time period to set the matter for
trial.
10
incomplete on the details of a mandatory subject.5 The Court concluded that “we must remand this
case to the Trial Court for a factual determination as to whether the parties bargained in good faith
on this subject . . . .” Id. at 320.
Since our record contains no information concerning the now mandatory factor of
“meritorious defense,” we too must remand this case to the trial court for a factual determination of
whether the defendant has a meritorious defense. Furthermore, the trial court should then evaluate
all of the pertinent factors, weighing them with and against each other to obtain a proper perspective
of how they apply to this case, along with the general rule that courts are reluctant to give effect to
rules of procedure which prevent a litigant from having a claim adjudicated upon its merits.
Accordingly, we reverse and remand the matter for a further hearing on Gutterguard’s Motion
for Rule 60.02(1) relief. Since this appeal is the direct result of Gutterguard’s failure to comply with
Local Rule 20(b), costs of this appeal are taxed to Gutterguard.
______________________________
FRANK G. CLEMENT, JR., JUDGE
5
The Blount County dispute pertained to whether an impasse had been reached on one of several mandatory
subjects in negotiations for a new memorandum of agreement pursuant to the Education Professional Negotiations
Act. The Court concluded that the case could be remanded to the trial court for a factual determination as to whether
the parties bargained in good faith on the mandatory subject. Id. at 320.
11