COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judges Bumgardner and Humphreys
Argued at Richmond, Virginia
AKEEM JEAN WILSON
MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY
v. Record No. 0433-02-2 CHIEF JUDGE JOHANNA L. FITZPATRICK
DECEMBER 10, 2002
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRICO COUNTY
L. A. Harris, Jr., Judge
(David R. Lett, on brief), for appellant.
Appellant submitting on brief.
Donald E. Jeffrey, III, Assistant Attorney
General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General,
on brief), for appellee.
Akeem Jean Wilson (appellant) was convicted of possession
with intent to distribute more than five pounds of marijuana in
violation of Code § 18.2-248.1. Appellant contends that his
consent to search the car and the motel room was involuntary. We
hold that appellant is procedurally barred from raising this issue
pursuant to Code § 19.2-266.2 and Rule 5A:18.
I. BACKGROUND
Under familiar principles of appellate review, we examine
the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth,
the prevailing party below, granting to that evidence all
reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Juares v.
Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 154, 156, 493 S.E.2d 677, 678 (1997).
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not
designated for publication.
On July 25, 2001, Investigator W.R. Williams (Williams)
responded to a tip that an older model brown Honda with a car seat
was located in the parking lot of the Comfort Inn Motel and
contained a substantial amount of marijuana. Williams drove
through the parking lot, found an older model black Honda with a
car seat and appellant sitting in the driver's seat. Williams and
Investigator Layman, both dressed in plain clothes, but with their
badges displayed, approached the Honda on foot and asked appellant
if they could speak to him. Appellant stepped out of the car and
gave his identification to the officers, which they returned to
him. He said he was staying at the motel, but was in the parking
lot listening to music and waiting for a female friend. Appellant
allowed the officers to pat him down for weapons but refused a
search of the car because the car "belonged to his friend Chris."
The officers told him he was free to leave, but the car was not.
Appellant remained in the area.
The officers called for a canine unit to screen the car for
drugs and took appellant's identification to make sure there were
no outstanding warrants. During the five or six minutes Williams
waited for the license check, he walked past the Honda and
"smell[ed] a strong odor of marijuana coming from the trunk area
of the vehicle." The officers then placed appellant in handcuffs,
told him that he was not under arrest but was being detained
because they believed there was marijuana in the car. The canine
"alerted" on the car, and Williams told appellant they would get a
search warrant for the car and asked him if they could search his
motel room. He consented to the search of the motel room, and the
officers recovered approximately $9,000 and ten grams of
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marijuana. The officers returned to appellant and again asked him
for permission to search the car. Williams said, "I also again
explained to [appellant] that he could give me consent to search
the vehicle, and after he paused, hesitated, and he said, sure. I
asked him again, can I search your vehicle? And he said, yes."
The trunk of the car contained forty-five pounds of marijuana.
Appellant filed no pretrial motions contesting the validity
of his consent to search the car or the motel room. He also made
no objection at any time during the Commonwealth's case to the
admissibility of the drugs or the search of the car or the motel
room. The motion to strike made at the close of Commonwealth's
case was limited to the sufficiency of the evidence on the
1
conspiracy charge. Only during closing arguments did appellant
address the issue of consent in any manner.
The only quirk, as I call it, a small matter
in the case would be whether, in fact, if
[sic] the search was consensual. The only
thing we talked about on the stand, [sic]
the officer told him discreetly but then
kept [sic] driver's license. To some, [sic]
to some extent, not free to leave [sic].
How far that goes as far as the search is
concerned and what money is found, and then
eventual consent to search the car [sic].
I would suggest because he kept his
license, that this was not a consensual
search.
Appellant was found guilty of possession with the intent to
distribute more than five pounds of marijuana.
II. Analysis
Code § 19.2-266.2 provides in pertinent part:
1
Appellant was found not guilty of conspiracy to sell
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Defense motions or objections seeking (i)
suppression of evidence on the grounds such
evidence was obtained in violation of the
provisions of the Fourth, Fifth or Sixth
Amendments to the Constitution of the United
States or Article I, Section 8, 10 or 11 of
the Constitution of Virginia proscibing
illegal searches and seizures and protecting
rights against self-incrimination, . . .
shall be raised by motion or objection, in
writing, before trial. . . . The court may,
however, for good cause shown and in the
interest of justice, permit the motions or
objections to be raised at a later time.
In the instant case, appellant's closing argument is
essentially a motion to suppress the evidence. "[T]he plain
language of Code § 19.2-266.2 requires that a defendant seeking
to suppress evidence based on a violation of his Fourth
Amendment rights must file a suppression motion no later than
seven days before trial, absent 'good cause shown and in the
interest of justice.'" Upchurch v. Commonwealth, 31 Va. App.
48, 51, 521 S.E.2d 290, 291-92 (1999). See also Schmitt v.
Commonwealth, 262 Va. 127, 146, 547 S.E.2d 186, 199 (2001) (tape
recording admitted into evidence because appellant failed to
comply with statutory requirements of Code § 19.2-266.2); Johnson
v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 634, 644-45, 561 S.E.2d 1, 6 (2002)
(constitutionality of a code section not properly before Court
because appellant failed to comply with Code § 19.2-266.2);
Morrison v. Commonwealth, 37 Va. App. 273, 279, 557 S.E.2d 724,
727 (2002) (whether statutes were unconstitutionally vague not
properly before the Court because appellant failed to comply with
marijuana.
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Code § 19.2-266.2). There is no dispute that appellant failed to
file a timely pretrial motion addressing the validity of his
consent to search his motel room and car. The trial court did
not find any good cause or ends of justice exception for
appellant's failure to follow the mandated procedure. As we
stated in Upchurch, the Commonwealth would be prejudiced by
allowing a defendant to disregard, without good cause, the
dictates of Code § 19.2-266.2. This procedure is directly
related to the provisions of Code § 19.2-398, the Commonwealth's
right to appeal evidence excluded as a result of a suppression
hearing. See 31 Va. App. at 52, 521 S.E.2d at 292. Thus, we
hold appellant's failure to comply with the statutory
requirements of Code § 19.2-266.2 bars his raising the issue on
appeal.
Additionally, a ruling of a trial court will not be reversed
unless an objection is stated "together with the grounds therefor
at the time of the ruling, except for good cause shown or to
enable the Court of Appeals to attain the ends of justice." Rule
5A:18. Appellant failed to object to the admission of any of the
evidence regarding the initial stop, the search of his motel
room, the detention, the search of the car, the anonymous tip or
the marijuana. All the evidence was admitted without objection
by appellant.
An accused may not wait until the
Commonwealth has rested its case before
challenging the admissibility of . . .
evidence. This must, of necessity, be the
rule because whether such evidence is
admissible is a question involving inquiry
by the trial court before the evidence is
presented to the [trier of fact]. If no
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objection is raised until the Commonwealth
has rested, the necessity and opportunity
for such inquiry do not arise.
[T]he defendant, by failing to act in a
timely manner to prevent the admission of the
. . . evidence, waived all objection thereto.
Such evidence was, therefore, properly before
the [trier of fact] for its consideration.
Poole v. Commonwealth, 211 Va. 258, 260, 176 S.E.2d 821, 823
(1970) (citations omitted). See also McCary v. Commonwealth, 36
Va. App. 27, 40, 548 S.E.2d 239, 245 (2001) (certificate of
analysis on fourth bag of cocaine admitted because appellant
failed to object to its admission at the time). Appellant's
failure to object to the admission of evidence or make an
appropriate motion to strike waived his objections.
Thus, we affirm the trial court's ruling.
Affirmed.
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