IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
June 25, 2002 Session
KASIEA DELAWN CHANCE, ET AL. v. CARL DENNIS GIBSON, JR.
Appeal from the Juvenile Court for Sevier County
No. 01-M6-469 Jeff D. Rader, Judge
FILED AUGUST 15, 2002
No. E2001-02836-COA-R3-JV
This is a suit by Kasiea Delawn Chance, adult daughter of Kayla D. Leonard, and Ms. Leonard, who
joins in the prosecution of this suit against Carl Dennis Gibson, Jr., seeking to establish his paternity
as to Ms. Chance and recover support from the date of Ms. Chance’s birth, medical expenses
incident thereto, and attorney fees. We affirm in part; vacate in part and remand.
Tenn.R.App.P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Juvenile Court Affirmed in Part and
Vacated in Part; Cause Remanded
HOUSTON M. GODDARD, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which HERSCHEL P. FRANKS and
CHARLES D. SUSANO, JR., JJ., joined.
Scott D. Hall, Sevierville, Tennessee, for the Appellants, Kasiea Delawn Chance and Kayla D.
Leonard
Keith E. Haas, Sevierville, Tennessee, for the Appellee, Carl Dennis Gibson, Jr.
OPINION
At the outset, we note that the case of Shell v. Law, 935 S.W.2d 402 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996),
makes it clear that there is no longer an almost irrebuttable presumption that a child born to a
married couple is presumed to be a product of their union, but may be found--if the proof warrants--
to be the child of a third party.
Mr. Gibson attempts to distinguish the case of Shell v. Law, on the ground that the paternal
rights of Ms. Shell’s husband at the time of conception and birth, had been terminated. We do not
find that this fact is critical to the holding in Shell. Additionally, we note an affidavit from Mr.
Chance wherein he states that he does not believe that he is the father of Ms. Chance.
The Trial Court sustained Mr. Gibson’s motion to dismiss, which in effect was converted into
a motion for summary judgment upon admission of certain exhibits at the hearing below.
The grounds relied upon by the Trial Court for dismissing the Plaintiffs’ suit were judicial
estoppel as a result of the pleading of Ms. Leonard in a divorce action and the later-filed petition
seeking support, as well as collateral estoppel stemming from the divorce decree. Mr. Gibson in his
brief insists the Trial Court should also be affirmed under the doctrines of res judicata and laches.
Our standard of review as to summary judgments is succinctly stated in Staples v. CBL &
Associates, Inc., 15 S.W.3d 83, 89 Tenn. 2000):
The standards governing the assessment of evidence in the summary judgment
context are also well established. Courts must view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the nonmoving party and must also draw all reasonable inferences in
the nonmoving party’s favor. See Robinson v. Omer, 952 S.W.2d at 426; Byrd v.
Hall, 847 S.W.2d at 210-11. Courts should grant a summary judgment only when
both the facts and the inferences to be drawn from the facts permit a reasonable
person to reach only one conclusion. See McCall v. Wilder, 913 S.W.2d 150, 153
(Tenn.1995); Carvell v. Bottoms, 900 S.W.2d 23, 26 (Tenn.1995).
The record discloses that Ms. Leonard and her then-husband, James Darrell Chance, were
divorced in June 1985 and, apparently,1 Ms. Leonard was given full custody of Ms. Chance, although
no provision was made for child support. Thereafter, pursuant to a petition filed by Ms. Leonard,
an order was entered in March 1989 which required Mr. Chance to make child support payments for
Ms. Chance, which he honored until she reached her majority.
The Plaintiffs appeal insisting that the Trial Court improperly received certain exhibits,
including the divorce petition filed by Mr. Chance and the petition seeking support filed by Ms.
Leonard, which had not been certified by the Clerk of the Court wherein the case was heard or
otherwise authenticated.
The statement of the evidence indicates that no proof was introduced at the hearing before
the Trial Court, but that the aforesaid exhibits were presented and considered by the Court over the
objection of the Plaintiffs’ counsel.
1
We say “apparently” because the divorce decree is not a part of the record.
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It is true that the court documents were not authenticated. However, under the facts of this
case in the interest of judicial economy, and the further fact that we are morally certain that these
exhibits are accurate, we will nevertheless consider them as did the Trial Court.
Having done so we conclude that the Trial Court was not in error in dismissing the suit of
the mother, Ms. Leonard. We reach this conclusion because we are satisfied that she is judicially
estopped, in light of her pleadings in the petition seeking support, to contend that Mr. Gibson is the
father of the child. The case of Shell v. Law, 935 S.W.2d 402 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996), states the
doctrine as follows (at page 408):
The question regarding estoppel requires a more careful examination. The
doctrine of judicial estoppel is generally stated as follows:
The doctrine of judicial estoppel provides a litigant who has
deliberately taken a position in one judicial proceeding will not, as a
matter of law, be allowed to advantage his or herself by taking an
inconsistent position in another suit. In Melton v. Anderson, 32 Tenn.
App. 335, 222 S.W.2d 666 (Tenn. App. 1948) this court said, at 669:
A general statement of the doctrine of judicial estoppel is that
where one states on oath in former litigation, either in a
pleading or in a deposition or on oral testimony, a given fact as
true, he will not be permitted to deny that fact in subsequent
litigation, although the parties may not be the same. (Citations
omitted.)
Extine v. TRW Koyo Steering Systems Co, 1994 WL 589557 Unpublished
opinion Tenn. App. 1994.
In reaching our conclusion, we are aware that in Shell we found under similar circumstances
the doctrine did not apply. The reason we reached that conclusion is because, contrary to the facts
of this case, it was shown that at the time of the pleadings filed by the wife in that case she believed
her husband was indeed the father of the child and did not attempt to “advantage” herself.
The present case, as already noted, is different in that the affidavit of Ms. Leonard shows that
she believed at the time she filed the pleadings in question that her husband was not the father of the
child but, rather, Mr. Gibson was.
The assertions of collateral estoppel and res judicata may be disposed of summarily. Both
of these doctrines require a suit between the same parties or their privities which is not present in the
case at bar. State ex rel. Cihlar v. Crawford, 39 S.W.3d 172 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2000).
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Although the Trial Court found that Ms. Chance was in privity with Ms. Leonard insofar as
its findings regarding collateral estoppel, we will assume for the purpose of this opinion it meant to
likewise find privity as to the doctrine of judicial estoppel. Our research has disclosed that privity
is frequently applied in cases involving res judicata and collateral estoppel, but we have found none
to suggest it would apply in a case of judicial estoppel where one party has pleaded a fact
diametrically opposed to that later attempted to be asserted. We do not believe it appropriate to
extend that doctrine to a case of this nature wherein Ms. Chance was not the party pleading the facts
attempted to be refuted and was a minor at the time the pleadings were filed.
As to the assertion by Mr. Gibson that Ms. Chance was barred by laches, we do not believe
minors, who are not able to bring lawsuits in their own names, could be bound by this doctrine.
In our resolution of this appeal, we have not overlooked the Trial Court’s concern that the
child would have two legal fathers should the case proceed and DNA prove that Mr. Gibson is in fact
the father. While we concede this as a rather anomalous situation, we note where an adoption
occurs, the adopting father is father by virtue of the adoption, while the biological father is in fact
also the father.
Finally as to Mr. Gibson’s argument suggesting that when a minor child recovers a judgment
for injuries received in a tort action, the suit may not be re-opened after the child becomes an adult.
The fallacy of applying this analogy is that in the tort action above referenced, the child was a party
to the action, and in the case at bar Ms. Chance was not a party to the divorce proceedings nor the
petition seeking support.
In summary, we hold that Ms. Leonard’s suit must be dismissed under the doctrine of judicial
estoppel, but the suit of the daughter, Ms. Chance, may proceed.
For the foregoing reasons the judgment of the Trial Court is affirmed in part and vacated in
part and the cause remanded for administration of blood tests to determine whether Mr. Gibson is
the father of Kasiea Delawn Chance. If he is found to be the father, the Trial Court shall then make
a determination as to what monies, if any, should be paid by Mr. Gibson as child support, medical
expenses incident to birth, attorney fees, and an appropriate disposition of any amount found to be
owing, which should include a consideration of the payments made by Mr. Chance for Ms. Chance’s
support and whether Mr. Chance should be reimbursed for payments he has made. Costs of appeal
are adjudged one-half against Kayla D. Leonard and her surety and one-half against Carl Dennis
Gibson, Jr.
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HOUSTON M. GODDARD, PRESIDING JUDGE
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