IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs August 5, 2003
ANTONIO VANTRESS BROWN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. C02-161 Roy B. Morgan, Jr., Judge
No. W2002-02256-CCA-R3-PC - Filed September 19, 2003
The Petitioner, Antonio Vantress Brown,1 appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction
relief. He originally pled guilty to various offenses and received an effective sentence of thirty years.
On appeal, the Petitioner contends: (1) he received ineffective assistance of counsel in entering his
guilty pleas; and (2) his guilty pleas were not knowingly and voluntarily entered. Upon review of
the record and the applicable law, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which THOMAS T. WOODA LL
and NORMA MCGEE OGLE , JJ., joined.
Michael D. Rasnake, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, Antonio Vantress Brown.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Michael Moore, Solicitor General; Jennifer L.
Bledsoe, Assistant Attorney General; James G. Woodall, District Attorney General; and Jody S.
Pickens, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
The facts, to which the Petitioner agreed at the time he entered his guilty pleas, were as
follows. On January 14, 2000, the Petitioner entered the ARA Discount Tobacco Store in Madison
County, Tennessee, pointed a gun at Glen Arnaught, demanded money, and shot at Arnaught
intending to kill him. The Petitioner then fled to Tonya Swain’s residence where he remained without
her consent. When police officers attempted to arrest him, he used force to resist their efforts to take
him into custody. The Petitioner pled guilty to attempted aggravated robbery, attempted first degree
murder, aggravated criminal trespass, and resisting arrest. Pursuant to the plea agreement, the
Petitioner received an effective sentence of thirty years.
1
In various plead ings, the Petitioner’s name also appears as “Antonio Vantreese Brown.” Ho wever, we list the
Petitioner’s name as it appears in his petition for po st-conviction relief.
I. POST-CONVICTION RELIEF HEARING
During the post-conviction relief hearing, the Petitioner testified he met with defense counsel
and discussed his case only once for approximately forty-five minutes on the day in which he entered
the guilty pleas. He stated he informed defense counsel that he wanted a trial, but defense counsel
advised him against it due to his prior record. The Petitioner acknowledged he had four prior
aggravated burglary convictions, two prior burglary convictions, and four prior theft convictions.
He stated defense counsel informed him that if he testified at trial, he would likely be questioned
regarding his prior record, and his record would likely have a negative impact on the jury. The
Petitioner testified he was also aware that his prior record would enhance his sentence if he were
convicted at trial. He stated he told defense counsel that he still wished to testify at trial.
The Petitioner testified that despite his requests, defense counsel failed to provide him with
a copy of the State’s discovery materials. He stated he also informed defense counsel that a third
party had committed the offenses, but defense counsel failed to investigate this possible defense.
The Petitioner testified he was merely a passenger in the vehicle of co-defendant Christopher March
and never exited the vehicle while at the store.
The Petitioner testified he and defense counsel never discussed the State’s witnesses, but
defense counsel informed him that his co-defendant planned to testify against him at trial. After he
entered the pleas, the Petitioner learned that Tonya Swain, an ex-girlfriend, also planned to testify
against him but later decided against it. He stated an inmate at the county jail asserted he overheard
the Petitioner and his cousin discussing the case. The Petitioner testified he requested defense
counsel interview the inmate, but defense counsel failed to do so.
The Petitioner testified that while he was in custody, he was sent to Pathways and Western
State for a mental health examination because he was hallucinating and hearing voices. The
Petitioner was placed on medication for “hearing voices,” depression, and high blood pressure. He
acknowledged that according to the report issued by Western State, the doctors found he was
competent to stand trial and there was a 99.4% probability the Petitioner was faking his symptoms.
According to the Petitioner, after his mental health examination was completed, he was
transferred to the Department of Correction. He was later transferred back to the county jail for two
days, during which time he entered his pleas. The Petitioner stated that during those two days, he
did not receive his medication. As a result, he was unable to concentrate and the voices returned.
He stated he informed defense counsel that he was required to take medication. The Petitioner
maintained that the lack of medication interfered with his ability to adequately understand the plea
proceedings.
Defense counsel testified he was appointed to represent the Petitioner in November 2000.
He stated he met with the Petitioner on four occasions for a total of approximately four hours. On
November 17, 2000, defense counsel received a plea offer from the State and met with the Petitioner
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three days later to discuss the offer. Defense counsel testified the State initially offered a forty-five-
year sentence, which the Petitioner believed to be excessive.
Defense counsel testified he received discovery materials from the State on November 22,
2000. He then delivered a copy of the discovery materials to the county jail in order to allow the
Petitioner to review the materials before their next meeting. Defense counsel stated that after the
plea hearing, he provided the Petitioner with an additional copy of the discovery materials.
Defense counsel testified he met with the Petitioner on January 15, 2001, at the county jail,
during which time they discussed the discovery materials, the State’s evidence, and the Petitioner’s
possible sentence if convicted at trial. He also informed the Petitioner that if he testified at trial, the
jury would likely hear about his prior criminal record. Defense counsel was aware the State had filed
a Notice of Enhancement Factors; Tonya Swain had given a statement to the police claiming the
Petitioner had confessed to her; the co-defendant planned to testify against the Petitioner at trial; and
the victims at the store described the Petitioner “to a tee.”
Defense counsel testified he did not interview the State’s witnesses because he had copies
of their statements. He stated he also had a letter from Gerald Jackson, a former inmate at the county
jail, who claimed to have overheard the Petitioner threaten to kill the co-defendant if he testified at
trial. He further stated he was unable to locate Jackson. Defense counsel opined that due to the
State’s strong evidence against the Petitioner and Jackson’s questionable credibility, his statement
would not have been critical to the case.
Defense counsel testified he did not insist the Petitioner enter the guilty pleas, and he would
have taken the case to trial if the Petitioner had requested. He stated he explained to the Petitioner
that the State’s case was “exceedingly strong” and his chances at trial were poor. He further stated
the Petitioner never informed him that a third party had committed the offenses.
Defense counsel testified he was provided with a copy of the Petitioner’s mental health
evaluation report, which had been completed prior to his appointment to the case. He stated he was
unaware that the Petitioner was taking medication. Defense counsel testified that during their
meetings, the Petitioner was “lucid,” and he made no observations leading him to believe the
Petitioner was being denied medication.
II. POST-CONVICTION COURT’S FINDINGS
In its written order denying the Petitioner’s post-conviction relief petition, the post-conviction
court found the Petitioner failed to establish defense counsel’s performance was deficient and that
any alleged deficiency resulted in prejudice. The post-conviction court noted the trial court and
defense counsel took “extraordinary measures” to ensure the Petitioner was competent. It further
noted that according to the Petitioner’s mental health evaluation report, he was found to be
competent to stand trial and was found to be “faking” to some degree his inability to understand the
trial process. The post-conviction court also noted that prior to accepting the pleas, the trial court
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ensured the Petitioner understood the charges against him and the consequences of his pleas. The
post-conviction court then found that upon being advised of his rights, the Petitioner knowingly and
voluntarily entered the guilty pleas.
III. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
The Petitioner contends he was provided with ineffective assistance of counsel in entering
his guilty pleas. Specifically, he maintains defense counsel failed to adequately confer with him and
prepare his case. We disagree.
A. Standard
When a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is made under the Sixth Amendment, the
petitioner bears the burden of proving (1) that counsel’s performance was deficient, and (2) the
deficiency was prejudicial in terms of rendering a reasonable probability that the result of the trial
was unreliable or the proceedings were fundamentally unfair. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S.
668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). In Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936
(Tenn. 1975), our supreme court required that the services be rendered within the range of
competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases. When a petitioner claims ineffective assistance
of counsel in relation to a guilty plea, the petitioner must prove that counsel performed deficiently,
and, but for counsel’s errors, petitioner would not have pled guilty but would have, instead, insisted
upon going to trial. Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59, 106 S. Ct. 366, 370, 88 L. Ed. 2d 203 (1985).
The petitioner bears the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence the factual
allegations that would entitle petitioner to relief. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-210(f). This court is
bound by the post-conviction court’s findings of fact unless the evidence preponderates against those
findings. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 456 -57 (Tenn. 2001).
B. Analysis
The Petitioner alleges defense counsel failed to adequately confer with him in preparing for
his case and failed to discuss the testimony of the State’s witnesses with him. He maintains defense
counsel met with him prior to the plea hearing for a total of forty-five minutes.
However, in its order denying the Petitioner’s post-conviction relief petition, the post-
conviction court implicitly accredited the testimony of defense counsel, who stated he met with the
Petitioner on four separate occasions prior to the plea hearing for a total of four hours. Defense
counsel testified that during the meetings, he and the Petitioner discussed the plea agreement, the
State’s discovery materials, the statements of the witnesses, the Petitioner’s prior criminal record,
its effect on his decision to testify, and its possible effect in enhancing his sentence.
In support of his argument, the Petitioner notes defense counsel admitted he did not interview
the State’s witnesses. However, defense counsel testified he had the witnesses’ prior statements, and
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he was unable to locate Gerald Jackson, the inmate. He opined Jackson’s testimony would not have
been critical to the State’s case due to the State’s strong evidence against the Petitioner.
Furthermore, no potential witness testified at the post-conviction relief hearing. When a
petitioner alleges his defense counsel was ineffective in failing to interview certain witnesses, the
petitioner is required to offer the testimony of those witnesses at the post-conviction relief hearing
in order to allow the post-conviction court to consider the nature of their testimony. See Black v.
State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990). Therefore, the Petitioner did not establish he
was prejudiced by defense counsel’s failure to interview witnesses.
Accordingly, we conclude the Petitioner failed to establish defense counsel’s performance
was deficient and that, but for defense counsel’s alleged deficiencies, he would not have pled guilty
and would have insisted on going to trial.
IV. VOLUNTARINESS OF GUILTY PLEAS
The Petitioner also contends his plea was involuntary and unknowing. Our state supreme
court set forth the following standards:
The cases of Boykin v. Alabama and State v. Mackey are the landmark constitutional
cases for analyses of guilty pleas. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S. Ct. 1709,
23 L. Ed. 2d 274 (1969) (federal standard); State v. Mackey, 553 S.W.2d 337 (Tenn.
1977) (state standard). In Boykin, the United States Supreme Court held that before
a trial judge can accept a guilty plea, there must be an affirmative showing that it was
given intelligently and voluntarily. Id. at 242, 89 S. Ct. at 1711, 23 L. Ed. 2d at 279.
In order to find that the plea was entered “intelligently” or “voluntarily,” the court
must “canvass[ ] the matter with the accused to make sure he has a full understanding
of what the plea connotes and of its consequences.” Id. at 244, 89 S. Ct. at 1712, 23
L. Ed. 2d at 280 (emphasis added).
State v. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 542 (Tenn. 1999).
The Petitioner testified he heard voices and suffered from hallucinations, which he treated
through medication. He maintains that when he entered the guilty pleas, he had not taken his
medication; as a result, he was unable to concentrate, and the voices returned. The Petitioner
contends he, therefore, lacked the mental capacity to knowingly and voluntarily enter the pleas.
However, the Petitioner’s mental health evaluation report from Western State, which was
admitted into evidence during the post-conviction relief hearing, indicates there was a 99.4% chance
the Petitioner was malingering. Furthermore, even if the Petitioner had not taken his medication on
the day of the plea hearing, no evidence was presented, other than the Petitioner’s testimony, regarding
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its effect on his ability to enter a knowing and voluntary plea.2 On the contrary, defense counsel
testified the Petitioner appeared to be “lucid” and understood the plea agreement.
During the plea hearing, the Petitioner stated he was not under the influence of alcohol,
narcotics, or any mind-altering drugs. He further stated he understood the offenses to which he was
pleading guilty and their applicable sentencing ranges. The Petitioner indicated he understood that
by entering the pleas, he was waiving his right to a jury trial, his right to confront witnesses, his right
to testify, and his right to a direct appeal. The Petitioner also stated he had not been forced or
pressured into entering the pleas.
During the plea hearing, defense counsel informed the trial court that the Petitioner had been
cooperative; that he believed the Petitioner understood what he was doing; and that the Petitioner
was entering the pleas based upon “full knowledge of the facts.” The Petitioner affirmed defense
counsel’s statements were true.
Based on the circumstances, we conclude the post-conviction court properly determined the
Petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowingly and voluntarily entered.
V. CONCLUSION
We conclude the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s finding that
Petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowingly and voluntarily entered with the effective assistance of
counsel. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
___________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
2
Although the Pe titioner’s m edica l records from the county jail are included in the appellate record, there is no
indication that they were entered as an exhibit or referred to during the post-conviction relief hearing. Regardless, the
information contained in the record does not pre ponderate against the trial court’s findings of fact.
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