IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs July 22, 2003
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. MICHAEL SALVATORE MORANI
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Cumberland County
No. 6395 Leon Burns, Jr., Judge
No. E2002-02394-CCA-R3-CD
August 14, 2003
The defendant, Michael Salvatore Morani, was convicted of one count of attempted first degree
murder and one count of theft over $10,000. The trial court imposed consecutive Range I, standard
sentences of twenty-three years and five years respectively. The defendant was fined a total of
$60,000. In this appeal of right, the defendant contends that the twenty-three-year sentence for
attempted murder is excessive and that the trial court erred by imposing the maximum fines on each
count. The judgments are affirmed.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgments of the Trial Court Affirmed
GARY R. WADE, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOSEPH M. TIPTON and NORMA
MCGEE OGLE , JJ., joined.
Gregory D. Smith, Clarksville, Tennessee (on appeal), and Cynthia S. Lyons, Assistant Public
Defender (at trial), for the appellant, Michael Salvatore Morani.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General & Reporter; P. Robin Dixon, Jr., Assistant Attorney General;
and Thomas Tansil and Gary McKenzie, Assistant District Attorneys General, for the appellee, State
of Tennessee.
OPINION
The defendant first met the victim, Alan Logan, in August of 1999 when he applied for
benefits at the Department of Human Services in Roane County, where the victim worked. As the
victim testified at the trial court, he allowed the defendant to share his Cumberland County residence
for approximately two months, providing both "emotional and financial support." Two years later,
the defendant arrived unexpectedly at the residence of the victim, apparently "on foot" and
attempting to rekindle their friendship. Approximately one hour into the conversation, Jennifer
Reynolds, the defendant's girlfriend, arrived in a vehicle. The defendant spoke to her privately and
she left. About twenty minutes later, she returned, talked with the defendant and left again. After
returning to the residence, the defendant remarked, "I've killed a man . . . because he had something
I wanted and he wouldn't give it to me." He then displayed a handgun. As the victim reached for
his drink, the defendant ordered him to "freeze." In response, the victim threw a table at the
defendant and fled toward the door. The defendant shot the victim once in the arm before his gun
jammed, allowing the victim to run to a nearby residence, where the neighbor telephoned 911. The
victim hid in the woods as the defendant took the victim's 1999 Buick Regal and drove away.
On September 4, 2001, the defendant was indicted for attempted first degree murder, a Class
A felony, see Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 39-12-101, 39-13-202, and theft over $10,000, a Class C felony,
see Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-14-105(4). Twenty-four days later, the defendant was transferred to the
Cumberland County Sheriff's Department from the Knox County Detention Center. At trial, the
issues were whether the state had established premeditation for attempted first degree murder and
whether it had demonstrated that the defendant took the vehicle with the intent to deprive.
At the sentencing hearing, Danny Williams, the probation officer who prepared the
presentence report, described the defendant as uncooperative and testified that the defendant refused
to provide any information, other than that his "childhood was a bitch." Williams's report indicated
that the defendant had committed two previous misdemeanor offenses in Roane County, two
misdemeanors in Knox County, and had pending charges in Roane County for the sale of cocaine
and in Knox County for aggravated robbery. The presentence investigation further established that
the bullet was lodged in the victim's arm and that he would not fully recover.
James "Butch" Upton, the last of the defendant's foster parents, testified that the defendant
had been in and out of numerous foster homes and had always lacked guidance and stability. The
defendant lived with Upton for four or five months.
In arriving at a sentence of twenty-three years, three years above the midpoint in the range,
the trial court applied the following four enhancement factors:
(1) The defendant has a previous history of criminal convictions or criminal
behavior in addition to those necessary to establish the appropriate range;
(8) The defendant has a previous history of unwillingness to comply with the
conditions of a sentence involving release into the community;
(9) The defendant possessed or employed a firearm, explosive device or other
deadly weapon during the commission of the offense; and
(10) The defendant had no hesitation about committing a crime when the risk
to human life was high.
-2-
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-114(1), (8)-(10) (1997).1
In mitigation, the trial court considered two factors: (6) that the defendant, because of his
youth, lacked substantial judgment in committing the offense; and (13) that the defendant had a
stressful childhood. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-113(6), (13).
In this appeal, the defendant contends that the attempted murder sentence was excessive.
Citing State v. Belser, 945 S.W.2d 776, 792 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996), the defendant argues that
enhancement factor (10), that "the defendant had no hesitation about committing a crime when the
risk to human life was high," Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-114(10) (1997), is improper because it is an
inherent element of the offense of attempted first degree murder. The state concedes that the trial
court improperly applied enhancement factor (10), but contends the misapplication should have no
effect upon the term imposed.
When there is a challenge to the length, range, or manner of service of a sentence, it is the
duty of this court to conduct a de novo review with a presumption that the determinations made by
the trial court are correct. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d). This presumption is "conditioned upon
the affirmative showing in the record that the trial court considered the sentencing principles and all
relevant facts and circumstances." State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991); see State v.
Jones, 883 S.W.2d 597, 600 (Tenn. 1994). "If the trial court applies inappropriate factors or
otherwise fails to follow the 1989 Sentencing Act, the presumption of correctness falls." State v.
Shelton, 854 S.W.2d 116, 123 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1992). The Sentencing Commission Comments
provide that the burden is on the defendant to show the impropriety of the sentence. Tenn. Code
Ann. § 40-35-401, Sentencing Commission Comments.
Our review requires an analysis of (1) the evidence, if any, received at the trial and sentencing
hearing; (2) the presentence report; (3) the principles of sentencing and the arguments of counsel
relative to sentencing alternatives; (4) the nature and characteristics of the offense; (5) any mitigating
or enhancing factors; (6) any statements made by the defendant in his own behalf; and (7) the
defendant's potential for rehabilitation or treatment. Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-102, -103, -210;
State v. Smith, 735 S.W.2d 859, 863 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1987).
In calculating the sentence for a Class A felony conviction, the presumptive sentence is the
midpoint within the range if there are no enhancement or mitigating factors. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-
35-210(c). If there are enhancement but no mitigating factors, the trial court shall set the sentence
at or above the midpoint. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210(d). If there are mitigating factors but no
enhancement factors, the trial court shall set the sentence at or below the midpoint. Id. A sentence
involving both enhancement and mitigating factors, as here, requires an assignment of relative
weight for the enhancement factors as a means of increasing the sentence. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
1
Effective July 4, 2002, the legislature has amended Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-114 by
renumb ering original enhanc ement factors (1 ) thru (20) and including as enhancement factor (1) that "the offense
was an act of terrorism , or was related to an act or terrorism ."
-3-
210(e). The sentence must then be reduced within the range by any weight assigned to the mitigating
factors present. Id.
In our view, the trial court misapplied enhancement factor (10). Enhancement factors (1),
(8), and (9) were, however, properly applied and are entitled to considerable weight. The mitigating
factors, as indicated by the trial court, are entitled to less weight and are substantially outweighed
by those enhancement factors found applicable. Under these circumstances, the twenty-three-year
sentence, three years more than the midpoint in the range, was warranted.
The defendant also asserts that the $50,000 fine for attempted first degree murder and the
$10,000 fine for theft over $10,000 are excessive. A jury is statutorily authorized to assess a
maximum fine of $50,000 for the commission of a Class A felony, as well as a maximum fine of
$10,000 for the commission of a Class C felony. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-111(b)(1), (3).
Although the fines imposed by the trial court were within the statutorily permissible range, the
defendant complains that the excessive amount of the fines will "cripple any chance of [his] re-entry
into society."
In State v. Bryant, 805 S.W.2d 762, 766 (Tenn. 1991), our supreme court ruled that the
defendant's ability to pay is a consideration in the imposition of a fine. Although the jury is to "fix"
the amount of any fine and report it with a guilty verdict, the trial court is actually obligated to
impose the fine, not to exceed the amount fixed by the jury, as part of the sentence. See Tenn. Code
Ann. § 40-35-301(b). The trial court's imposition of a fine, if any, is to be based upon the factors
and principles of the 1989 Sentencing Act, such as the defendant's prior history, potential for
rehabilitation, and financial means, and mitigating and enhancing factors that are relevant to an
appropriate total sentence. See Bryant, 805 S.W.2d at 766.
The defendant contends that his financial status justifies less than the maximum fines.
Although indigency may in certain cases justify no fine, it must be considered with other relevant
factors:
Thus, although the defendant's ability to pay is a factor it is not necessarily a
controlling one. We recognize that an oppressive fine can disrupt future
rehabilitation and prevent a defendant from becoming a productive member of
society. Such results are not usually compatible with the purposes and principles of
the 1989 Sentencing Act. However, a significant fine is not automatically precluded
just because it works a substantial hardship on a defendant -- it may be punitive in
the same fashion incarceration may be punitive.
State v. Marshall, 870 S.W.2d 532, 542 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1993).
Here, the defendant's violent conduct resulted in permanent bodily injury to the victim.
Although a young man, the defendant has developed a significant criminal history over a short period
of time. He expressed no remorse and was uncooperative with the probation officer who prepared
-4-
his presentence report. That demonstrates a disregard for the laws of society. Thus far, the
defendant has exhibited little effort toward rehabilitation. In our view, the amounts of the fines are
not excessive under these circumstances.
Accordingly, the judgments of the trial court are affirmed.
___________________________________
GARY R. WADE, PRESIDING JUDGE
-5-