United States v. Robinson

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT __________________ No. 95-40346 Summary Calendar __________________ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus FRED ROBINSON; CLARENCE ROBINSON, Defendants-Appellants. - - - - - - - - - - Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas USDC No. 1:94-CR-40-2 - - - - - - - - - - November 22, 1996 Before JONES, DeMOSS and PARKER, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Clarence and Fred Robinson appeal their convictions. They argue that, in the light of Bailey v. United States, 116 S. Ct. 501 (1995), there was insufficient evidence to support their convictions and that jury instructions were improper. Fred argues: (1) the district court erred by increasing his offense level under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(a); (2) his statements to sheriff’s * Pursuant to Local Rule 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in Local Rule 47.5.4. No. 95-40346 -2- deputies were involuntary and improperly admitted; and (3) the district court abused its discretion by denying a jury instruction regarding the voluntariness of the statements. We discern no error arising under Bailey. United States v. Calverley, 37 F.3d 160, 162-64 (5th Cir. 1994) (en banc), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 1266 (1995); United States v. Fike, 82 F.3d 1315, 1328 (5th Cir. 1996), petition for cert. filed, July 29, 1996 (No. 96-5403); United States v. Casto, 889 F.2d 562, 566 (5th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1092 (1990). The record reveals that Fred was appropriately assessed an enhancement for leading and organizing his brother's escape from jail and that Fred's statements to deputies were voluntary. United States v. Musquiz, 45 F.3d 927, 932-33 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 116 S. Ct. 54 (1995); United States v. Broussard, 80 F.3d 1025, 1033 (5th Cir. 1996). Because the statements were voluntary and Fred proffered no evidence to support his contention to the contrary, the denial of the proffered instruction was not an abuse of discretion. United States v. Sellers, 926 F.2d 410, 414 (5th Cir. 1991). AFFIRMED.