Preston v. Preston

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE

JOYCE CHARLENE PRESTON, )

Plaintiff/Appellee,
)
)
FILED
Sumner Chancery No. 96D-282
)
v. ) August 12, 1999
) Appeal No. 01A01-9806-CH-00289
JAMES THURSTON PRESTON, ) Cecil Crowson, Jr.
) Appellate Court Clerk
Defendant/Appellant. )

APPEAL FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF SUMNER COUNTY
AT GALLATIN, TENNESSEE

THE HONORABLE TOM E. GRAY, CHANCELLOR

For the Plaintiff/ Appellee: For the Defendant/Appellant:

John M. Cannon F. Dulin Kelly
Goodlettsville, Tennessee Clinton L. Kelly
Andy L. Allman
Hendersonville, Tennessee

AFFIRMED

HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.

CONCURS:

W. FRANK CRAWFORD, P.J., W.S.

DAVID R. FARMER, J.
 OPINION

This is a divorce case. The parties signed a prenuptial agreement prior to their marriage. The

wife became disabled after the parties had been married approximately eight months, and the parties

separated. The trial court held the prenuptial agreement invalid and awarded alimony in futuro. The

husband appeals. We affirm.

Defendant/Appellant James Thurston Preston (“Husband”) owned the GooseCreek Inn in

Franklin, Tennessee. Plaintiff/Appellee, Joyce Charlene Preston (“Wife”) worked as a desk clerk

at the Inn. After a relationship of approximately seven years, the parties married in October, 1995.

It is undisputed that, for many years prior to the marriage, Wife had episodes of alcohol abuse.

Husband asserts that, prior to their marriage, Wife promised to stop drinking.

On the day of their marriage, Husband presented Wife with a prenuptial agreement, which

she signed. At the time of their marriage, Wife was 54 years old, and Husband was 65 years old.

During the marriage, Wife did not work outside the home.

The parties had a short and tumultuous marriage. Each accused the other of verbal and

physical abuse. Husband contended that after their marriage Wife again began drinking too much.

Wife accused Husband of constantly criticizing her cooking and housekeeping; Husband said that

Wife didn’t cook or clean. Wife accused Husband of physically abusing her by shoving her into a

closet and injuring her neck.

In June, 1996, approximately eight months after the parties’ marriage, Wife suffered a

cerebral stroke. The parties dispute Husband’s reaction to the stroke. Wife asserts that, when she

suffered the stroke, Husband “hollered” at her, kicked her, accused her of faking her condition,

refused to seek medical attention for her, and left her to have lunch with his former mother-in-law

and his son. Husband denied this behavior. He said that he was supportive of her and offered

several times to take her to the hospital, which Wife refused. He said Wife began verbally abusing

him, so he left to have lunch with his former mother-in-law and his son.

Wife was admitted to the hospital for the stroke. It is undisputed that Husband did not come

to the hospital to see her for several days. Husband said that Wife told him not to come to the

hospital. Regardless, after several days, Husband came to the hospital to see Wife. Wife asserts that

Husband started an argument with her in her hospital room and that a nurse made Husband leave.

Husband said that when he visited Wife in the hospital, she began yelling at him and asked a nurse
to make him leave. It is undisputed that, when Wife was discharged from the hospital, she stayed

with her mother, and the parties did not thereafter live together.

After the stroke, Wife was permanently disabled. It is undisputed that she is unable to drive,

to read, or to work. Her condition is permanent.

On July 16, 1996, Wife filed for divorce. Husband filed an answer and counterclaimed for

divorce. Pending trial, Husband was ordered to pay Wife $1,750 per month in support, as well as

other expenses. The trial court appointed a guardian ad litem for Wife to determine her ability to

testify. The guardian ad litem concluded that Wife could testify but might become emotional.

In the hearing in this cause, the trial court heard lengthy testimony from both parties, as well

as several other witnesses. In the hearing, Wife contended that she signed the prenuptial agreement

under duress and that there was not a full and fair disclosure of Husband’s assets prior to execution

of the agreement. Husband contended that the prenuptial agreement signed by the parties included

an attachment listing his assets. Husband said that the attachment could not be located after the

parties’ marriage. Husband asserted that Wife was knowledgeable about his financial assets because,

at times prior to their marriage, she worked for Husband’s business as an accountant and

bookkeeper. The trial court heard detailed testimony regarding the parties’ financial issues and the

parties’ proposed property division.

Husband testified that his income from all sources is approximately $20,600 per month, or

over $240,000 per year. After the parties separated, Wife began drawing Social Security disability

benefits of $530 per month. She received a lump sum Social Security payment of approximately

$2,000 as well. Both parties submitted detailed proposals for dividing the personal property.

The trial court considered the deposition of a neurologist, Mary Ellen Clinton, M.D., who

conducted an independent medical examination of Wife. Dr. Clinton testified that the stroke had left

Wife with significant visual impairment as well as depression and other physical problems. Dr.

Clinton believed that Wife exaggerated her problems and described having to “devise techniques to

distract” Wife in order to evaluate how much she could see. Dr. Clinton felt that Wife could see well

enough to take care of her personal needs. However, she believed that she would have substantial

difficulty reading, and said that she is unable to drive and unable to be gainfully employed. Dr.

Clinton confirmed that Wife’s condition is permanent.

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 After considering the testimony and other evidence, the trial court issued a written order with

a memorandum detailing its factual findings. It found that Wife did not sign the prenuptial

agreement under duress, but found that Husband had not proven that Wife was fully knowledgeable

about the value of his assets or that he had made full disclosure prior to execution of the agreement.

Consequently, the trial court held the prenuptial agreement invalid and unenforceable.

The trial court found that Wife was not a credible witness. It noted that it did not accept all

of Husband’s testimony, but found him “more credible than his wife.” The trial judge generally

credited Husband’s version of the events surrounding Wife’s stroke and subsequent hospitalization.

The trial court noted Dr. Clinton’s testimony that Wife exaggerated her condition, but

concluded, as did Dr. Clinton, that Wife can no longer drive and “cannot be gainfully employed.”

The trial court found both parties at fault for the demise of the marriage. It detailed the

division of the parties’ personal property and real property.

The trial court found that Wife used her physical disability to avoid cooperating with

discovery. It noted that Wife had not presented evidence of how she spent the spousal support from

Husband and the Social Security disability income, and inferred that Wife “was hiding matters about

her economics.”

Nevertheless, on Wife’s request for alimony, the trial court found:

Joyce Charlene Preston has a need for support. James Thurston Preston has
the ability to pay. Mrs. Preston is entitled to alimony in futuro. She is no longer able
to work outside the home. The Social Security Disability she is receiving is not
sufficient to meet her monthly expenses.

The trial court found that Wife needed $2,080 per month to meet her monthly expenses. It awarded

her $1,550 per month in alimony in futuro.

Husband had asserted that Wife did not disclose to him the $11,600 she received in Social

Security disability income during the pendency of the proceedings and sought to recoup these

monies. The trial court found this request justified, and held:

In consideration of the $11,600.00 Social Security Disability received in
addition to payments by James Thurston Preston of $1,750.00 spousal support, the
payment of the mortgage on the marital residence, the payment of the mortgage on
the condominium, the minimum monthly payment on her MasterCard through Chevy
Chase Bank, and the payment of her health insurance, the Court awards no alimony
in gross for attorney fees.

From this order, Husband now appeals.

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 On appeal Husband asserts that the trial court erred in holding the prenuptial agreement

invalid, and in awarding alimony to Wife. Husband also contends that the trial court awarded Wife

$11,600 in attorney’s fees and asserts that this was an error.

Since this case was tried by the trial court sitting without a jury, we review the case de novo

upon the record with a presumption of correctness of the findings of fact by the trial court. Tenn.

R. App. P. 13(d).

Husband argues first that the evidence preponderates against the trial court’s finding that

Wife was not sufficiently knowledgeable about Husband’s financial assets and that Husband did not

make full and fair disclosure of his assets prior to execution of the prenuptial agreement. He

contends that the prenuptial agreement should be deemed valid and should be enforced.

Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-3-501 provides:

[A]ny antenuptial or prenuptial agreement entered into by spouses concerning
property owned by either spouse before the marriage which is the subject of such
agreement shall be binding upon any court having jurisdiction over such spouses
and/or such agreement if such agreement is determined, in the discretion of such
court, to have been entered into by such spouses freely, knowledgeably and in good
faith and without exertion of duress or undue influence upon either spouse. . . .

Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-3-501 (1996). The “knowledge” component of the statute has been

interpreted to mean:

[t]hat the spouse seeking to enforce an antenuptial agreement must prove, by a
preponderance of the evidence, either that a full and fair disclosure of the nature,
extent and value of his or her holdings was provided to the spouse seeking to avoid
the agreement, or that disclosure was unnecessary because the spouse seeking to
avoid the agreement had independent knowledge of the full nature, extent, and value
of the proponent spouse’s holdings.

Randolph v. Randolph, 937 S.W.2d 815, 817 (Tenn. 1996). Thus, Husband in this case had the

burden of proving that full disclosure was made, or in the alternative, that Wife had sufficient prior

knowledge of his assets.

Husband in this case maintained that a schedule of his assets was attached to the prenuptial

agreement when Wife signed it. However, a copy of the schedule could not be produced at trial, and

Wife disputed its existence. In the alternative, Husband contended that Wife had full knowledge of

his financial assets prior to execution of the agreement through her employment with him. Wife

acknowledged doing some bookkeeping for one of Husband’s businesses but denied having

knowledge of his other businesses or knowledge of his personal assets.

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 Although the trial court generally concluded that Wife was not a credible witness and found

that Husband was “more credible than his wife,” the trial court noted that it did not accept all of

Husband’s testimony. With regard to the prenuptial agreement, the trial court found that Husband

had not proven that Wife was fully knowledgeable about his assets or that full disclosure was made.

On this issue, then, the trial court implicitly credited Wife’s testimony. When the resolution of the

issues in a case depends upon the truthfulness of witnesses, the trial judge who has the opportunity

to observe the witnesses in their manner and demeanor while testifying is in a far better position than

this Court to decide those issues. McCaleb v. Saturn Corp., 910 S.W.2d 412, 415 (Tenn. 1995);

Whitaker v. Whitaker, 957 S.W.2d 834, 837 (Tenn. App. 1997). The weight, faith, and credit to be

given to any witness’s testimony lies in the first instance with the trier of fact, and the credibility

accorded will be given great weight by the appellate court. Id.; In re Estate of Walton v. Young,

950 S.W.2d 956, 959 (Tenn. 1997). Considering the trial court’s implicit determination of the

parties’ credibility on this issue, the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s

conclusion that the “knowledge” component of the statute was not met and that the prenuptial

agreement was therefore invalid and unenforceable. The decision of the trial court is affirmed on

this issue.

Husband next argues that the trial court erred in awarding alimony in futuro. He stresses the

short duration of the parties’ marriage, noting that they cohabited for only eight months prior to

Wife’s stroke, and the parties’ ensuing separation. Husband points to testimony from Dr. Clinton

indicating that past alcohol abuse can contribute to the cause of a stroke and argues that there is no

evidence that Wife’s stroke result from anything that transpired during the marriage.

In response, Wife emphasizes Husband’s income of over $240,000 per year, as well as the

unequivocal testimony of Dr. Clinton that Wife is unable to drive and unable to work, and that her

disability is permanent. Wife points to the trial court’s finding that Wife has a great need for

alimony and that Husband unquestionably has the ability to pay.

The determination of the amount of alimony in a given case is in the discretion of the trial

court. Ford v. Ford, 952 S.W.2d 824, 827 (Tenn. App. 1996) (citing Ingram v. Ingram,721 S.W.2d

262, 264 (Tenn. App 1986)). On appeal, “wide latitude” is given to the trial court’s decisions on

spousal support. Crain v. Crain, 925 S.W.2d 232, 233 (Tenn. App. 1996). It has long been

recognized that the two most important factors in determining an award of alimony are “the real need

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of the spouse seeking the support” and “the ability of the obligor spouse to provide support.” Ford,

952 S.W.2d at 827. The short duration of the marriage is a factor to consider. Crain, 925 S.W.2d

at 234. However, it is not determinative. An additional consideration is whether the spouse seeking

support would become a public charge in the absence of spousal support. Indeed, this is so

disfavored that an otherwise enforceable antenuptial agreement is void and unenforceable if

enforcing the contractual prohibition against alimony would result in the spouse being “rendered a

public charge. . . .” Cary v. Cary, 937 S.W.2d 777, 782 (Tenn 1996).

In this case, there is no solution that is completely equitable to both parties. Clearly this is

a marriage of exceptionally short duration. However, Wife’s need for alimony is great, and

Husband’s ability to pay is clear. Wife has no source of income except Social Security and spousal

support from Husband. Under these circumstances, we cannot conclude that the trial court abused

its discretion in awarding alimony in futuro. Obviously the alimony award may be subject to future

modification if Wife becomes eligible for additional income, such as additional Social Security

benefits. The decision of the trial court is affirmed on this issue.

Husband argues on appeal that the trial court awarded Wife $11,600 in attorney’s fees as

alimony in gross. In its final order, the trial court stated:

James Thurston Preston filed on the 22nd day of December, 1997 a Motion
for Credit of Extra Income Received by Plaintiff moving the Court that he be given
a credit for the $11,600.00 of undisclosed income received by the plaintiff against the
division of marital assets or any order of support that this Court may enter. The
Court finds the motion well-taken.

***

In consideration of the $11,600.00 Social Security Disability received in
addition to payments by James Thurston Preston of $1,750.00 spousal support, the
payment of the mortgage on the martial residence, the payment of the mortgage on
the condominium, the minimum monthly payment on her MasterCard through Chevy
Chase Bank, and the payment of her health insurance, the Court awards no alimony
in gross for attorney fees.

We must conclude from the Order that the trial court, in its discretion, declined to award attorney’s

fees to Wife in light of the undisclosed income, as well as other factors. The evidence does not

preponderate against the trial court’s decision on this issue.

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 The decision of the trial court is affirmed. Costs are assessed against the Appellant, for

which execution may issue if necessary.

HOLLY KIRBY LILLARD, J.

CONCUR:

W. FRANK CRAWFORD, P. J., W.S.

DAVID R. FARMER, J.

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