IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
SEPTEMBER 1998 SESSION FILED
October 23, 1998
Cecil Crowson, Jr.
Appellate C ourt Clerk
STATE OF TENNESSEE, )
) C.C.A. No. 02C01-9801-CC-00030
Appellee, )
) Henry County
V. )
) Honorable Julian P. Guinn, Judge
)
DARREN LEE PARSONS, ) (Aggravated Burglary, Theft)
)
Appellant. )
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
Jim L. Fields John Knox Walkup
Attorney at Law Attorney General & Reporter
111 E Wood Street
P.O. Box 248 Peter M. Coughlan
Paris, TN 38242 Assistant Attorney General
425 Fifth Avenue North
Nashville, TN 37243-0493
Robert “Gus” Radford
District Attorney General
111 Church Street, P.O. Box 686
Huntingdon, TN 38344-0686
Steven L. Garrett
Assistant District Attorney General
P.O. Box 94
Paris, TN 38242
John C. Sorrels
Assistant District Attorney General
P.O. Box 503
Camden, TN 38320
OPINION FILED: ___________________
AFFIRMED
PAUL G. SUMMERS,
Judge
OPINION
The appellant, Darren Lee Parsons, was convicted by a jury of aggravated
burglary and theft. He appeals, challenging the sufficiency of the evidence and
the propriety of an evidentiary ruling excluding certain defense testimony. We
find no error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
The proof at trial showed that the appellant and an accomplice, Everett
Daniel Lamb, broke into the home of Timothy and Judy Walker of Paris,
Tennessee. The two men vandalized the property and stole stereo equipment,
compact disks, and other miscellaneous items. Lamb later admitted his part in
the burglary and became one of the state’s key witnesses at the appellant’s trial.
The appellant first argues that the evidence was insufficient to convict
him. The testimony at trial, he contends, established a time line within which it
would not have been possible for the appellant to have committed the sequence
of events described by various trial witnesses. When an appellant challenges
the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must determine whether, after viewing
the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); State v. Duncan, 698 S.W.2d
63, 67 (Tenn. 1985); Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e). The appellee is entitled to both the
strongest legitimate view of the evidence and all reasonable inferences that may
be drawn therefrom. See State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978).
The weight and credibility of a witness’s testimony are matters entrusted
exclusively to the trier of fact. See State v. Sheffield, 676 S.W.2d 542, 547
(Tenn. 1984). A jury verdict for the state accredits the testimony of the state’s
witnesses and resolves all conflicts in favor of the state. See State v. Williams,
657 S.W.2d 405, 410 (Tenn. 1983). Moreover, guilty verdicts remove the
presumption of innocence enjoyed by defendants at trial and replace it with a
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presumption of guilt. See State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Tenn. 1973).
The appellant carries the burden of overcoming this presumption of guilt. See id.
Through the testimony of various witnesses, evidence was presented at
trial as to the sequence and timing of events on the night of the appellant’s
crime. Sometime between nine and ten o’clock p.m., the appellant and Lamb left
the appellant’s home to commit the burglary. The drive from the appellant’s
home to the victims’ home takes between ten and fifteen minutes. On the way,
the two men stopped for an unspecified time at a local hospital to steal some
rubber gloves. They spent approximately thirty minutes inside the victims’ home
during their initial break-in and then returned to the home twice, taking between
ten and twenty minutes each time. The two men then made a twenty to twenty-
five minute drive to Lamb’s father’s home to unload some of the stolen property,
arriving there at approximately 10:30 p.m.
Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the state and,
accordingly, taking the lower end of each of the estimated times, the entire crime
would have taken approximately one hour and twenty minutes. The evidence
was, therefore, sufficient for the jury to have concluded that the appellant left his
home at or shortly after nine o’clock p.m., completed the sequence of events
involved in the burglary, and arrived at the home of Lamb’s father by
approximately 10:30 p.m. This issue is without merit.
The appellant next argues that the trial court erred in refusing to permit
the appellant’s mother, Joyce Ann Kelley, to testify to a statement allegedly
made by Lamb. At trial, the theory of the appellant’s defense was, in part, that
he did not participate in the burglary but, rather, only helped Lamb unload some
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of the stolen goods after Lamb alone had committed the burglary. But for the
state’s sustained hearsay objection, Ms. Kelley apparently would have testified
that, during a phone conversation with the appellant on the night of the burglary,
she overheard Lamb ask the appellant to help him unload a stereo. Lamb had
testified on cross-examination during the state’s case that he did not remember
making such a statement but that he “might have.”
The appellant argues that the exclusion of Ms. Kelley’s account of Lamb’s
alleged statement violated the appellant’s right to confront the witness against
him, as well as his right to put on witnesses in his defense. Thus framed, this
issue is without merit. Lamb, the declarant of the excluded statement, testified at
the appellant’s trial and was cross-examined by the appellant. The appellant,
therefore, had the opportunity to confront the witness against him, as well as the
opportunity to bring out favorable testimony in his defense.
Although not directly argued, either to this Court or at trial, the appellant
suggests that the proffered testimony should have been admitted as a prior
inconsistent statement for the limited purpose of impeaching Lamb’s previous
testimony. The state’s objection to Ms. Kelley’s testimony was sustained on the
basis of the hearsay rule. Hearsay is defined as “a statement, other than one
made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence
to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Tenn. R. Evid. 801. Here, the
proffered evidence was clearly hearsay if offered as substantive proof that Lamb
did in fact ask the appellant to help him unload a stereo and thus, inferentially, to
prove that the appellant did not participate in the burglary. The appellant offers
no exception to the hearsay rule, and none is apparent to the Court.
On the other hand, if offered for the limited purpose of impeaching the
declarant, extrinsic evidence of a prior inconsistent statement may be
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admissible. See Tenn. R. Evid. 613(b). In the present case, there is some
question whether the excluded testimony--that Lamb asked the appellant for
help--was “inconsistent” with Lamb’s previous testimony--that he “might have”
made such a request. Nevertheless, we need not decide this issue. Even
assuming that the excluded testimony qualifies as a prior inconsistent statement,
“the admissibility of evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court,
and its decisions in that regard will be reversed only by a showing of an abuse of
that discretion.” Inman v. Aluminum Co. of America, 697 S.W.2d 350, 354
(Tenn. Ct. App. 1985). After a thorough review of the record, we conclude that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion. The statement was hearsay on its
face, and appellant did not argue otherwise at trial. Further, while we conclude
that the trial court did not err, any hypothetical error would not be prejudicial
given the evidence reviewed.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
__________________________
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PAUL G. SUMMERS, Judge
CONCUR:
_____________________________
DAVID H. WELLES, Judge
_____________________________
JOE G. RILEY, Judge
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