IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE FILED
JULY 1997 SESSION
October 24, 1997
Cecil W. Crowson
Appellate Court Clerk
STATE OF TENNESSEE, )
) C.C.A. NO. 01C01-9610-CC-00430
Appellee, )
) MAURY COUNTY
VS. )
) HON. JIM T. HAMILTON,
KING DAVID JOHNSON, JR. ) JUDGE
)
Appellant. ) (Second-degree murder)
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
HERSHELL D. KOGER JOHN KNOX WALKUP
P.O. Box 1148 Attorney General & Reporter
Pulaski, TN 38478
(On appeal) SARAH M. BRANCH
Counsel for the State
LIONEL R. BARRETT, JR. 450 James Robertson Pkwy.
Washington Square Two, Suite 417 Nashville, TN 37243-0493
222 Second Ave.
Nashville, TN 37201 MIKE BOTTOMS
(At trial) -and-
ROBERT C. SANDERS
District Attorney General
P.O. Box 459
Lawrenceburg, TN 38464
OPINION FILED:____________________
CONVICTION AFFIRMED;
REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING
JOHN H. PEAY,
Judge
OPINION
The defendant was indicted in June 1993 for first-degree murder of his
girlfriend, Valerie Duke. A jury convicted him on February 27, 1996, of second-degree
murder, and after a hearing, he was sentenced as a Range I standard offender to twenty
years in the Tennessee Department of Correction. In this appeal as of right, the
defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence and the appropriateness of his
sentence. After a review of the record and applicable law, we affirm his conviction and
remand the cause for resentencing.
Shortly after midnight on May 13, 1993, the defendant called 911 and said
that his girlfriend, Valerie Duke, had been shot. Officers answered the call and
emergency personnel transported the victim to a nearby hospital in Columbia,
Tennessee. Officers then took the defendant to the police department for questioning.
Shortly after the victim had been transported to Vanderbilt Hospital, she died as a result
of a gunshot wound to her forehead. The defendant was subsequently arrested and
charged with first-degree murder.
A defendant challenging the sufficiency of the proof has the burden of
illustrating to this Court why the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict returned by
the trier of fact in his or her case. This Court will not disturb a verdict of guilt for lack of
sufficient evidence unless the facts contained in the record and any inferences which may
be drawn from the facts are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational trier of fact to
find the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913,
914 (Tenn. 1982).
When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, we
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must review the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution in determining
whether “any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61
L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). We do not reweigh or re-evaluate the evidence and are required to
afford the State the strongest legitimate view of the proof contained in the record as well
as all reasonable and legitimate inferences which may be drawn therefrom. State v.
Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978).
Questions concerning the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to
be given to the evidence, as well as factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved
by the trier of fact, not this Court. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835. A guilty verdict
rendered by the jury and approved by the trial judge accredits the testimony of the
witnesses for the State, and a presumption of guilt replaces the presumption of
innocence. State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d 474, 476 (Tenn. 1973).
At trial, the State presented the testimony of several officers who
investigated the shooting death of Valerie Duke. Don Rose, a detective with the
Columbia Police Department, testified that he had been among the first officers to arrive
at the victim’s house. Rose testified that the defendant had been standing on the front
porch with another officer. Rose further testified that he found the victim lying on the
bottom bed of a set of bunk beds. Her head was on a pillow at the top of the bed. Rose
testified that blood had been on the pillow and on the window shade behind the bed. He
testified that he found a nine millimeter semiautomatic weapon near the bed and that the
weapon, a Glock, was loaded with nine bullets.
Rose testified that the defendant had told him that the victim had shot
herself. He testified that the defendant had said that he had been at the victim’s house
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to fix a window and that he had brought his gun with him. He further testified that the
defendant had said the victim had been looking at the gun when it just went off. Rose
also testified that he had interviewed the defendant at the police department later that
morning. He testified that he had said to the defendant, “You know and I know that you
are the one that shot her,” and the defendant nodded his head in agreement. Rose also
testified that during the interview, the defendant had asked about the victim’s condition
and that upon learning of her death, the defendant had wept.
Troy Potts, a patrolman with the Columbia Police Department, arrived at the
victim’s house after receiving a radio call about the shooting. He testified that the
defendant had been outside the house waiting for help to arrive. He further testified that
upon entering the victim’s home he saw two small children on the floor of the living room.
He then entered one of the back bedrooms and found the victim lying on the bunk bed.
Potts testified that while he was surveying the scene, the defendant had repeatedly said,
“I told her not to touch the gun.”
Two other officers with the Columbia Police Department gave similar
testimony about the morning of the shooting. Lieutenant James Hanvy testified that the
gun had been found partially stuck under the pillow near the left side of the victim’s head.
He further testified that the children, ages six and eight, had been taken to the victim’s
mother’s house later that morning.
The State then presented Sergeant Johnny Hunter of the Metropolitan
Nashville Police Department as an expert in blood spatter pattern analysis. Hunter
testified that by studying a blood spatter, he can determine what type of force caused the
pattern. In this case, he testified that the blood on the pillow beneath the victim’s head
was low velocity blood, meaning it was free flowing from the victim. This type of pattern
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is typically associated with blood dripping from a wound. He further testified that the
blood found on the window shade behind the bunk bed was typical of high velocity
spatter. From studying the spatter, he was able to determine that the actual impact
occurred seven to twelve inches away from the window shade. He explained that this
determination was consistent with the distance from the window shade to the pillow. He
also testified that the impact occurred about six or seven inches above the mattress, or
about the distance a person’s head would be raised by using a pillow on the mattress.
He testified that the victim had been lying down when she was shot, but that he could not
determine the direction from which the bullet had been traveling.
Dr. Gretel Harlan, an Assistant Davidson County Medical Examiner at the
time, performed the autopsy on the victim. She testified that a bullet had entered the
victim’s forehead at an angle, had hit a dense piece of bone, and had shattered into
several pieces. She testified that the bottom part of the bullet had entered the victim’s
brain while the rest of the bullet came out an exit wound also on the victim’s forehead.
Harlan further testified that the gun had been a distance of two feet or greater from the
victim when it was fired. She also testified that she found no powder burns on the victim.
Don Carmen, a forensic firearms expert with the TBI, testified that he had
examined the defendant’s nine millimeter Glock and determined that it had been in
working order. He testified that the trigger safety, the drop safety, and the firing pin safety
had all been functioning. He further testified that to fire this particular weapon, six and
one-half pounds of pressure must be applied. He explained that for weapons with a “hair
trigger,” less than one pound of pressure will cause the gun to discharge. Other experts
with the TBI testified that no identifiable fingerprints were found on the gun and that
gunshot residue tests performed on both the defendant and the victim were inconclusive.
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Following this testimony, the State concluded its case. The defendant
offered the testimony of the victim’s landlord and then testified in his own behalf. We find
it unnecessary to recite his testimony in full. With regard to the night that the victim was
shot, the defendant testified that he had gone to the victim’s house because the victim
seemed concerned about a window that would not close. He further testified that he had
taken his gun with him because he felt he needed it for protection while traveling the back
roads. He stated that he had loaded the gun immediately prior to entering the victim’s
home. The defendant further explained that he had had the gun in his pants and had
taken it out to use the rest room. He stated that when he had returned from the rest
room, the victim had the gun in her hand. He further testified that he walked over to her
and asked her to give him the gun. He told the jury that he could not directly see the
victim because the top bunk bed was blocking his view. He then testified that the victim
had been holding the gun by its barrel and when he grabbed the gun out of the victim’s
hand, he heard a loud sound. He testified that he called the victim’s name and then
moved closer to her and discovered a hole in her forehead.
The defendant now challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. We find no
merit to his challenge. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, as
we are required to do, we reach the conclusion that the State’s evidence was sufficient
beyond a reasonable doubt to convict the defendant of second-degree murder. First, the
defendant admitted to Officer Rose that he had shot the victim. Second, the evidence
presented by the State demonstrated that the shooting was not accidental. The evidence
showed that the victim was shot in her forehead while her head was lying on a pillow. It
further showed that the gun was at least two feet away from her when it discharged.
Additionally, the medical examiner could find no evidence of powder burns on the victim,
another indication that the victim was not holding onto the gun’s barrel as suggested by
the defendant. Other evidence showed that the gun used to kill the victim was in working
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order and would not have accidentally discharged. Testimony from a TBI expert
explained that six and one-half pounds of pressure are needed to fire this weapon, and
that this weapon would not have fired with only accidental pressure being applied. From
this evidence, we can only conclude that the defendant knowingly shot the victim and that
he was aware that his conduct was reasonably certain to cause the victim’s death. This
issue is without merit. We affirm the defendant’s second-degree murder conviction.
As his second issue, the defendant contends that the trial court erred in
sentencing him to twenty years because the trial court improperly applied certain
enhancement factors, because the trial court failed to apply mitigating factors, because
the trial court placed too much emphasis on the enhancement factor regarding use of a
firearm, and because the trial court failed to adequately place on the record the
enhancing and mitigating factors relied upon in reaching the defendant’s sentence.
When a defendant complains of his or her sentence, we must conduct a de
novo review with a presumption of correctness. T.C.A. § 40-35-401(d). The burden of
showing that the sentence is improper is upon the appealing party. T.C.A.
§ 40-35-401(d) Sentencing Commission Comments. This presumption, however, “is
conditioned upon the affirmative showing in the record that the trial court considered the
sentencing principles and all relevant facts and circumstances.” State v. Ashby, 823
S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991).
The Sentencing Reform Act of 1989 further provides that “[w]henever the
court imposes a sentence, it shall place on the record either orally or in writing, what
enhancement or mitigating factors it found, if any, as well as findings of fact as required
by § 40-35-209.” T.C.A. § 40-35-210(f) (emphasis added). Because of the importance
of enhancing and mitigating factors under the sentencing guidelines, even the absence
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of these factors must be recorded if none are found. T.C.A. § 40-35-210 comment.
These findings by the trial judge must be recorded in order to allow an adequate review
on appeal.
In this case, prior to sentencing the defendant, the trial judge simply stated:
“Well, of course, this is just another senseless killing. It has no rhyme nor reason to it.
Everybody seems to be armed these days. The first thing you know, you have somebody
dead. People have pistols just like you used to carry chewing gum, or something.” He
made no findings as is required by the sentencing act. Thus, we are unable to
adequately review this issue on appeal and are compelled to remand this cause to the
trial court for resentencing. See T.C.A. §§ 40-35-209 & -210.
Thus, for the foregoing reasons, we affirm the defendant’s conviction, but
we remand the cause to the trial court for resentencing.
_________________________________
JOHN H. PEAY, Judge
CONCUR:
______________________________
WILLIAM M. BARKER, Judge
______________________________
JERRY L. SMITH, Judge
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