Thomas G. LANE, Jr., Administrator d.b.n. of the Estate of Tommy Curtis Colee, Deceased
v.
Betty Colee SCARBOROUGH et al.
No. 64.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
December 12, 1973.*624 Allen A. Bailey by Douglas A. Brackett, Charlotte, for defendant appellee.
Sanders, Walker & London by Robert G. Sanders and Robert C. Stephens, Charlotte, for Betty Colee Scarborough and Thomas W. Colee.
SHARP, Justice:
As the parties have stipulated, the sole question presented by this appeal is whether Lynn, by executing the separation agreement, released her distributive share as surviving spouse in the estate of Colee. G.S. § 29-13 and G.S. § 29-14.
Questions relating to the construction and effect of separation agreements between a husband and wife are ordinarily determined by the same rules which govern the interpretation of contracts generally. Whenever a court is called upon to interpret a contract its primary purpose is to ascertain the intention of the parties at the moment of its execution. Bowles v. Bowles, 237 N.C. 462, 75 S.E.2d 413 (1953); 24 Am.Jur.2d Divorce and Separation § 904 (1966); 27B C.J.S. Divorce § 301(3) (1959).
"The heart of a contract is the intention of the parties, which is to be ascertained from the expressions used, the subject matter, the end in view, the purpose sought, and the situation of the parties at the time." Electric Co. v. Insurance Co., 229 N.C. 518, 520, 50 S.E.2d 295, 297 (1948). When a contract is in writing and free from any ambiguity which would require resort to extrinsic evidence, or the consideration of disputed fact, the intention of the parties is a question of law. The court determines the effect of their agreement by declaring its legal meaning. Briggs v. Mills, Inc., 251 N.C. 642, 111 S. E.2d 841 (1960); Howland v. Stitzer, 240 N.C. 689, 84 S.E.2d 167 (1954); Strigas v. Insurance Co., 236 N.C. 734, 73 S.E.2d 788 (1953); Atkinson v. Atkinson, 225 N.C. 120, 33 S.E.2d 666 (1945); 4 Williston, Contracts § 616 (3d ed. 1961); Calamari & Perillo Contracts § 49 (1970).
A contract, however, encompasses not only its express provisions but also all such implied provisions as are necessary to effect the intention of the parties unless express terms prevent such inclusion. 4 Williston, Contracts § 601B (3d ed. 1961). "The court will be prepared to imply a term if there arises from the language of the contract itself, and the circumstances under which it is entered into, an inference *625 that the parties must have intended to stipulation in question." 1 Chitty, Contracts § 693 (23d ed. A. G. Guest 1968). The doctrine of implication of unexpressed terms has been succinctly stated as follows:
"Intention or meaning in a contract may be manifested or conveyed either expressly or impliedly, and it is fundamental that that which is plainly or necessarily implied in the language of a contract is as much a part of it as that which is expressed. If it can be plainly seen from all the provisions of the instrument taken together that the obligation in question was within the contemplation of the parties when making their contract or is necessary to carry their intention into effect, the law will imply the obligation and enforce it. The policy of the law is to supply in contracts what is presumed to have been inadvertently omitted or to have been deemed perfectly obvious by the parties, the parties being supposed to have made those stipulations which as honest, fair, and just men they ought to have made." 17 Am.Jur.2d Contracts § 255 at 649 (1964). However, "[n]o meaning, terms, or conditions can be implied which are inconsistent with the expressed provisions." 17 Am.Jur.2d Contracts, supra at 652.
We come now to apply the foregoing principles to the construction of the separation agreement which Colee and Lynn executed in June 1970. In express terms they declared that they could no longer live together without endangering their health and well-being. They agreed that henceforth they would live wholly separate and apart from each other as though they had never been married and that neither would molest the other or interfere in his affairs. She agreed to make no demands upon him for support and to impose no obligation or responsibility upon him. Each agreed that the other would thereafter hold, acquire, and dispose of "all classes and kinds of property, both real and personal as though free and unmarried, without the consent or joinder of the other party" and each released "the right to administer upon the estate of the other." (Emphasis added.) Further, they agreed to divide their house-hold furnishings between them. (Apparently, they owned no real estate jointly.)
In our view, the specific terms of the contract are totally inconsistent with an intention that the parties would each retain the right to share in the estate of the other under G.S. § 29-13 and G.S. § 29-14, if he or she were to become the surviving spouse. The provisions that each would thereafter acquire, hold, and dispose of property as though unmarried and that each renounced the right to administer upon the estate of the other refute the contention that Lynn intended to retain any rights in her husband's estate.
"Agreements must receive a reasonable interpretation, according to the intention of the parties at the time of executing them, gathered from the language employed by them . . . ." Stanley v. Cox, 253 N.C. 620, 635, 117 S.E.2d 826, 836 (1960). We also point out that the "term `separation and property settlement agreement' in the absence of clear language or impelling implications connotes not only complete and permanent cessation of marital relations, but a full and final settlement of all property rights of every kind and character." Bost v. Bost, 234 N.C. 554, 557, 67 S.E.2d 745, 747 (1951).
In this case the intention of each party to release his or her share in the estate of the other is implicit in the express provisions of their separation agreement, their situation and purpose at the time the instrument was executed. The law will, therefore, imply the release and specifically enforce it. We hold that Lynn Wood Colee, the surviving spouse of Tommy Curtis Colee, deceased, released her right to share in his estate by the execution of the separation agreement of 19 June 1970.
The decision of the Court of Appeals is
Reversed.