William TUTTLE
v.
KERNERSVILLE LUMBER COMPANY, a corporation.
No. 402.
Supreme Court of North Carolina.
December 2, 1964.*250 White & Crumpler, Harrell Powell, Jr., Edward R. Green and Fred G. Crumpler, Jr., Winston-Salem, for plaintiff.
Booe, Mitchell & Goodson, Winston-Salem, for defendant.
DENNY, Chief Justice.
The plaintiff contends that under his agreement with the defendant company he is entitled to employment by defendant company for life or as long as his work is satisfactory, citing Fisher v. John L. Roper Lumber Co., 183 N.C. 485, 111 S.E. 857, 35 A.L.R. 1417; Jones v. Carolina Power & Light Co., 206 N.C. 862, 175 S.E. 167; Dotson v. F. S. Royster Guano Co., 207 N.C. 635, 178 S.E. 100; and cases from other jurisdictions.
In Fisher v. Lumber Co., supra, the plaintiff employee had a bona fide claim for personal injuries suffered while in the employment of the defendant. The plaintiff was preparing to bring suit for damages. A compromise agreement was reached upon condition that the defendant would give the plaintiff employment such as he was then capable of doing, and pay him a living wage for the support of himself and family for life. This compromise agreement was held valid and enforceable.
Likewise, in the case of Dotson v. Guano Co., supra, the contract of employment for life was based on the settlement of a claim for personal injuries sustained by the plaintiff while in the employment of defendant. This contract was also upheld.
In Jones v. Carolina Power & Light Co., supra, the evidence tended to show that on *251 25 September 1926 the plaintiff, an experienced motorman or conductor, was induced by defendant's agent and superintendent to leave his employment and home in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and to come to Asheville, North Carolina, to break a strike (the operators of the street cars in Asheville then being out on strike), under a promise of "permanent employment for the term of at least ten years"; that plaintiff remained in the employment of defendant until 24 January 1932 when he was discharged without cause. This agreement of employment was upheld as not being void for indefiniteness.
However, in the instant case, in our opinion, the agreement entered into between the plaintiff and the president of the defendant corporation fixed the terms upon which the contract might be terminated. If the plaintiff voluntarily quit, he was to forfeit all bonus rights; on the other hand, should the defendant discharge the plaintiff, the defendant was required to pay the ten per cent bonus calculated to the date of discharge and to pay such bonus to plaintiff within sixty days.
Plaintiff contends that his agreement with Mr. Lain, president of defendant corporation, was to the effect that plaintiff would "have a permanent job as long as my work was satisfactory."
We understand that ordinarily any contract of employment is based upon the services being satisfactory. Even so, we think under the facts in this case the contract was nothing more than one of indefinite hiring, terminable at will. Malever v. Jewelry Co., 223 N.C. 148, 25 S.E.2d 436.
In the last cited case the plaintiff employee left his work in Fayetteville to accept employment with the defendant in Charlotte on a "regular permanent basis." The court below sustained a judgment as of nonsuit. On appeal, Stacy, C. J., speaking for the Court, said: "While it is suggested in plaintiff's testimony that the inducement to give up his job in Fayetteville was sufficient consideration to support the agreement for permanent employment, still the agreement itself is for no definite time, and there is no business usage or other circumstance appearing on the record which would tend to give it any fixed duration. * * *
"The general rule is, that `permanent employment' means steady employment, a steady job, a position of some permanence, as contrasted with a temporary employment or a temporary job. Ordinarily, where there is no additional expression as to duration, a contract for permanent employment implies an indefinite general hiring, terminable at will." See also Howell v. Commercial Credit Co., 238 N.C. 442, 78 S.E.2d 146; 35 Am.Jur., Master and Servant, § 24, page 460; 56 C.J.S. Master and Servant § 31, page 412 et seq.
In the last cited authority it is stated: "As a general rule employment contracts which in some form purport to provide for permanent employment, as where the agreement is for the employee to have a permanent position or permanent employment or employment for life, or the employee is hired to fill a "permanent vacancy,' or where the employment is to be for as long as the master is operating, as long as the employee desires the position, or as long as the employee satisfactorily performs his duties, are terminable at will by either party where they are not supported by any consideration other than the obligation of service to be performed on the one hand and wages or salary to be paid on the other. Where, however, the employee gives consideration in addition to his services, as where he relinquishes a claim for personal injuries or gives some other thing of value, a contract for permanent employment, or as long as the services are satisfactory, is not such an indefinite contract as to come within the rule. * * *"
The judgment of the court below is
Affirmed.