09-3814-ag
Chen v. Holder
BIA
Hom, IJ
A096 790 332
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER
FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF
APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER
IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN
ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY
ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals
2 for the Second Circuit, held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan
3 United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in the City of
4 New York, on the 3 rd day of June, two thousand ten.
5
6 PRESENT:
7 JOSEPH M. McLAUGHLIN,
8 RICHARD C. WESLEY,
9 GERARD E. LYNCH,
10 Circuit Judges.
11 _______________________________________
12
13 JIE CHEN,
14 Petitioner,
15
16 v. 09-3814-ag
17 NAC
18 ERIC H. HOLDER, JR., UNITED STATES
19 ATTORNEY GENERAL,
20 Respondent.
21 _______________________________________
22
23 FOR PETITIONER: Dehai Zhang, Flushing, New York.
24
25 FOR RESPONDENT: Tony West, Assistant Attorney
26 General; Terri J. Scadron, Assistant
27 Director, Office of Immigration
28 Litigation, United States Department
29 of Justice, Washington, D.C.
1
2 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a
3 Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby
4 ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED, that the petition for review
5 is DENIED in part and DISMISSED in part.
6 Jie Chen, a native and citizen of the People’s Republic
7 of China, seeks review of an August 18, 2009, order of the
8 BIA affirming the December 12, 2007, decision of Immigration
9 Judge (“IJ”) Sandy K. Hom, which pretermitted as untimely
10 her application for asylum and denied her applications for
11 withholding of removal and relief under the Convention
12 Against Torture (“CAT”). In re Jie Chen, No. A096 790 332
13 (B.I.A. Aug. 18, 2009), aff’g No. A096 790 332 (Immig. Ct.
14 N.Y. City Dec. 12, 2007). We assume the parties’
15 familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history
16 in this case.
17 Under the circumstances of this case, we review the
18 IJ’s decision as supplemented by the BIA’s decision. See
19 Yan Chen v. Gonzales, 417 F.3d 268, 271 (2d Cir. 2005) . The
20 applicable standards of review are well established. See
21 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B); see also Xiu Xia Lin v. Mukasey,
22 534 F.3d 162, 165-66 (2d Cir. 2008); Manzur v. U.S. Dep't of
23 Homeland Sec., 494 F.3d 281, 289 (2d Cir. 2007).
2
1 Under 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3), this Court lacks
2 jurisdiction to review the agency’s finding that an asylum
3 application was untimely under 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B), as
4 well as its finding that neither changed nor extraordinary
5 circumstances exist to excuse the untimeliness under 8
6 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D). Nevertheless, we retain
7 jurisdiction to review constitutional claims and “questions
8 of law.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D). Here, Chen merely
9 challenges the IJ’s determination that she failed to
10 demonstrate “extraordinary circumstances,” a factual
11 determination over which we lack jurisdiction. See 8
12 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3). Accordingly, we dismiss the petition
13 for review to the extent Chen challenges the agency’s
14 pretermission of her asylum application.
15 For asylum applications governed by the REAL ID Act, as
16 is the case here, the agency may, considering the totality
17 of the circumstances, base a credibility finding on an
18 asylum applicant’s “demeanor, candor, or responsiveness,”
19 the plausibility of his or her account, and inconsistencies
20 in his or her statements, without regard to whether they go
21 “to the heart of the applicant’s claim.” See 8 U.S.C.
22 § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at 167. In this
3
1 case, the IJ reasonably determined that Chen’s testimony
2 disavowing her involvement in the filing of several
3 fraudulent immigration applications was inconsistent with
4 the contents of those fraudulent applications, which matched
5 the information, signatures, and photos on her current
6 asylum application, her passport, and her notarial birth
7 certificate. The IJ also based its adverse credibility
8 finding on Chen’s “changing and conflicting” testimony
9 regarding what information she provided the agency that
10 allegedly filed fraudulent immigration applications on her
11 behalf. The IJ also found that Chen’s credibility was
12 further undermined by her inconsistent testimony regarding
13 the amount of money she allegedly paid the agency. These
14 were proper bases for an adverse credibility determination.
15 See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); Xiu Xia Lin, 534 F.3d at
16 167. To the extent that Chen offered explanations for these
17 discrepancies, the IJ was not compelled to credit them. See
18 Majidi v. Gonzales, 430 F.3d 77, 80-81 (2d Cir. 2005).
19 Moreover, the BIA reasonably understood the IJ’s
20 decision to indicate that Chen’s lack of credibility was “so
21 extensive as to undermine her credibility on all issues,”
22 including her claim that she underwent a forced abortion in
4
1 China. See Siewe v. Gonzales, 480 F.3d 160, 170 (2d Cir.
2 2007).
3 We also find no error in the IJ’s finding that Chen
4 failed to present sufficient evidence demonstrating that
5 Chinese officials were aware of or interested in her China
6 Democracy Party (“CDP”) activities in the United States. 1
7 See Hongsheng Leng v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 135, 142-43 (2d Cir.
8 2008) .
9 Finally, because Chen failed to challenge sufficiently
10 the agency’s denial of her application for CAT relief before
11 this Court, we deem any such argument waived. See Yueqing
12 Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540, 541 n.1, 545 n.7 (2d Cir.
13 2005).
14 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is
1
We note that whatever errors the IJ may have
committed, if any, were harmless. First, the IJ may have
erred in referencing an article during Chen’s merits
hearing that questioned the validity of the CDP as a
political organization, while failing to make this
article part of the record. However, the IJ offered Chen
and her witness an opportunity to challenge its veracity.
See Chhetry v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 490 F.3d 196, 200
(2d Cir. 2007). Second, the IJ may have erred in failing
to consider explicitly whether the Chinese government is
likely to become aware of Chen’s CDP activities. See
Hongsheng Leng, 528 F.3d at 142-43. Nevertheless, remand
on these bases would be futile because substantial
evidence supported the IJ’s overall adverse credibility
and burden of proof findings. See Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S.
Dep’t of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 339 (2d Cir. 2006).
5
1 DENIED in part and DISMISSED in part. As we have completed
2 our review, any stay of removal that the Court previously
3 granted in this petition is VACATED, and any pending motion
4 for a stay of removal in this petition is DISMISSED as moot.
5 Any pending request for oral argument in this petition is
6 DENIED in accordance with Federal Rule of Appellate
7 Procedure 34(a)(2), and Second Circuit Local Rule 34.1(b).
8 FOR THE COURT:
9 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk
10
6