F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
MAR 27 1997
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
DERRICK R. PARKHURST,
DONALD GEE and PATRICK JOHN
MCATEE,
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
v.
JUDITH UPHOFF, in her official
capacity as Director of State
Penitentiary Wyoming Department of
Corrections; DUANE SHILLINGER,
in his official capacity as Warden of
State Penitentiary Wyoming
Department of Corrections; RONALD
G. RUETTGERS, in his official No. 95-8003
capacity as Maximum Security Unit (D.C. No. 93-CV-115)
Manager, State Penitentiary Wyoming (District of Wyoming)
Department of Corrections; CAPTAIN
STAN JAMES, in his official capacity
as Security Manager, State
Penitentiary Wyoming Department of
Corrections; DAWNA ERICKSON, in
her official capacity as Education
Department Director, State
Penitentiary Wyoming Department of
Corrections; CANDACE HAWK, in
her official capacity as Education
Department employee, State
Penitentiary Wyoming Department of
Corrections; JERRY STEELE, in his
official capacity as Medium Security
Unit Manager, State Penitentiary
Wyoming Department of Corrections;
BILL HETTGAR, in his official
capacity as Minimum Security Unit
Manager, State Penitentiary Wyoming
Department of Corrections; GARY
STARBUCK, in his official capacity
as Honor Farm Superintendent,
Wyoming Department of Corrections;
JACK J. SEXTON, in his official
capacity as Honor Conservation Camp
Superintendent, Wyoming Department
of Corrections,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, LUCERO and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
Prisoners bringing 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims must exhaust available
administrative remedies, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1997e. We are asked to decide
whether § 1997e requires prisoners to exhaust those remedies with “good faith.”
The district court held that § 1997e requires a good faith effort to resolve
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
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grievances. The district court looked to the statute’s purpose as expressed in the
legislative history, which was to reduce prisoner cases and facilitate improved
relations between prisoners and prison officials. Finding that plaintiffs had not
“made a good faith effort to resolve their dispute in the grievance process,” the
district court dismissed their § 1983 suit with prejudice. We affirm the dismissal
on other grounds, but reverse the “with prejudice” part of the dismissal.
Plaintiffs’ complaint alleges inadequate access to court. Specifically, they
complain of denial of access to an adequate law library, adequate research
materials, and trained legal assistants. Raising each of these complaints,
plaintiffs perfunctorily filed administrative grievances and appeals, thereby
technically exhausting all available administrative remedies.
On appeal, plaintiffs protest the district court’s requirement of good faith,
which, as they put it, requires exhaustion “with a smile.” We do not decide
whether § 1997e requires a good faith effort on plaintiffs’ part because plaintiffs
lack standing to bring an access-to-court claim.
A recent Supreme Court case, Lewis v. Casey, 116 S. Ct. 2174, 2180
(1996), holds that to have standing to raise an access-to-court violation, a prisoner
must demonstrate actual injury. A prisoner “cannot establish relevant actual
injury simply by establishing that his prison’s law library or legal assistance
program is sub-par in some theoretical sense.” Id. Rather, the prisoner “must go
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one step further and demonstrate that the alleged shortcomings in the library or
legal assistance program hindered his efforts to pursue a legal claim.” Id.; see
also Treff v. Galetka, 74 F.3d 191, 194 (10th Cir. 1996) (requiring prisoner to
“show that any denial or delay of access to the court prejudiced him in pursuing
litigation”).
Plaintiffs’ only allegation of injury appears in their amended complaint:
“The violations of plaintiffs’ rights to access to the courts and to petition for
redress of grievances, detailed above [regarding delayed access to legal materials
and disastrous advice from legal assistants], has [sic] prejudiced numerous of the
plaintiffs--both named plaintiffs and unnamed members of the plaintiff class--in
various court actions, both criminal and civil.” R. 82 at 17. This sweeping
allegation of injury is too conclusory to demonstrate that the denial of legal
materials has actually hindered plaintiffs’ efforts to pursue any nonfrivolous
claim. See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (although pro
se pleadings are liberally construed, conclusory allegations will not suffice).
Because plaintiffs have not alleged sufficient injury from the allegedly inadequate
access to court, they lack standing to bring an access-to-court claim, and we
conclude their complaint was properly dismissed.
However, because we base dismissal on lack of standing rather than failure
to exhaust remedies, the dismissal should be without prejudice. See Korvettes,
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Inc. v. Brous, 617 F.2d 1021, 1024 (3d Cir. 1980) (a dismissal on jurisdictional
grounds is not a dismissal on the merits and should ordinarily be without
prejudice). We AFFIRM the dismissal, but REVERSE insofar as the dismissal
was “with prejudice.” We REMAND with instructions to dismiss without
prejudice. Appellee’s motion to strike the appendix is DENIED as moot. The
mandate shall issue forthwith.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Carlos F. Lucero
Circuit Judge
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