Treff v. Lott

F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
JUN 18 1998
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk

ROBERT SHAWN TREFF,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. No. 97-4110
(D.C. No. 97-CV-95-G)
VELTA LOTT, officer at the Iron County (D. Utah)
Correctional Facility; JIMMIE
STEWART, Director at the Iron County
Correctional Facility; BRENT
WITTIKIEND, Sergeant at the Iron
County Correctional Facility; GAYE
KEENE, Sergeant at the Iron County
Correctional Facility; BRAD SPENCER,
officer at the Iron County Correctional
Facility; JAMES MITCHELL, officer at
the Iron County Correctional Facility;
LEE HULET, officer at the Iron County
Correctional Facility; KEVIN NITZEL,
investigator for Utah Department of
Corrections; JAY LOWE BARTON,
Inmate Placement Program Facility for the
Utah Department of Corrections,
individually, and in their personal and
official capacities,

Defendants-Appellees.

ORDER AND JUDGMENT*

*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, BRORBY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this

appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. Therefore, the case is ordered

submitted without oral argument.

Plaintiff Robert Shawn Treff, a Utah state prisoner appearing pro se, appeals the

district court’s dismissal of his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights action. We exercise

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

Treff’s complaint alleged he was removed from his regular cell on June 2, 1995,

and placed in a special cell on “TRO” status for allegedly committing one or more

disciplinary infractions, and that he remained on “TRO” status until the charges were

resolved on June 28, 1995. Treff alleged his due process and equal protection rights were

violated because his confinement on “TRO” status was unjustified and the disciplinary

charges were not resolved in a timely manner. He further alleged his Eighth Amendment

right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment was violated because the special cell

was “inherently unsafe, unmonitored and punitive in nature,” and because he was denied

direct sunlight, showers, and yard time on several occasions. He also alleged defendants’

actions caused “great emotional stress, loss of his job, loss of schooling, loss of a proper

and accurate evaluation for redetermination of his sentence, loss of visitation and equal

-2-
privileges of similarly situated inmates.” Complaint at 11.

Although Treff paid the full filing fee, the district court sua sponte dismissed the

complaint before it was served on defendants, finding the complaint failed to state a claim

upon which relief could be granted. Treff contends on appeal the district court acted

improperly in sua sponte dismissing his complaint, and that payment of the full filing fee

entitled him to service of his complaint on defendants.

We reject Treff’s arguments. The 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA)

“was intended to curtail what was perceived to be the over involvement of federal courts

in managing state prison systems,” and “to stem the tide of frivolous prisoner suits.”

Hadix v. Johnson, ___ F.3d ___, 1998 WL 177343 *4 (6th Cir. 1998). The PLRA added

28 U.S.C. § 1915A, which requires a district court to “review, before docketing, if

feasible or, in any event, as soon as practicable after docketing, a complaint in a civil

action in which a prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or

employee of a governmental entity.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The district court is required

to dismiss a prisoner’s civil complaint if it concludes it “is frivolous, malicious, or fails to

state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1).

Because Treff satisfied the definition of “prisoner” in § 1915A(c) and he filed a

civil suit against employees of a governmental entity, § 1915A(a) required the district

court to conduct an initial screening of the complaint prior to service on the named

defendants, notwithstanding the fact that Treff had paid the filing fee. Moreover, because

-3-
the court concluded the complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be

granted, it was required to dismiss the complaint pursuant to § 1915A(b)(1). In short, we

conclude the court acted properly in dismissing the complaint without first allowing

service on defendants.

As for the merits of Treff’s complaint, which we review de novo, we agree that it

fails to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. See McGore v. Wrigglesworth,

114 F.3d 601, 604 (6th Cir. 1997) (referring to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A); Kidd v. Taos Ski

Valley, Inc., 88 F.3d 848, 854 (10th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)).

Treff’s twenty-six days of disciplinary segregation failed to encroach upon a due process

liberty interest because it did not “impose[] atypical and significant hardship on [Treff] in

relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484

(1995). Nor did the disciplinary confinement violate Treff’s equal protection rights.

Unless Treff is a member of a suspect class or a fundamental right is at stake (neither of

which Treff alleged), disparate treatment need only be rationally related to a legitimate

governmental purpose to satisfy the Equal Protection Clause. Riddle v. Mondragon, 83

F.3d 1197, 1207 (10th Cir. 1996). Maintaining jail security is a legitimate governmental

purpose, and prison officials have wide discretion to determine measures to be taken to

preserve order and security in a detention facility. See Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 84-

85 (1987). Determining a particular inmate (in this case Treff) has committed

disciplinary infractions and imposing corresponding disciplinary segregation are certainly

-4-
within that discretion and do not violate equal protection. The allegations in the

complaint concerning conditions of confinement fail to demonstrate Treff was denied

“the minimal civilized measures of life’s necessities,” or that any of the defendants acted

with “deliberate indifference” to his health or safety. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825,

834 (1994).

AFFIRMED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

Mary Beck Briscoe
Circuit Judge

-5-