F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
MAR 5 1998
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
DAVID J. WALKER,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 97-6193
(D.C. No. 96-CV-124-L)
KEN KLINGER, (W.D. Okla.)
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner David J. Walker, appearing pro se, appeals from the district
court’s orders adopting the recommendations of the magistrate judge to dismiss
his petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The
habeas petition was filed on January 25, 1996, before enactment of the
*
The case is unanimously ordered submitted without oral argument pursuant
to Fed. R. App. P. 34(a) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. This order and judgment is not
binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and
judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and
conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). Consequently, AEDPA
does not apply. See Lindh v. Murphy, 117 S. Ct. 2059, 2068 (1997). Petitioner’s
request to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal is granted. We deny issuance of
a certificate of probable cause, and affirm.
Petitioner was convicted in an Oklahoma state court of trafficking in illegal
drugs and possession of a firearm while committing a felony, based in part on his
admission that he was in possession of 9.56 grams of cocaine base. On appeal,
he argues that the trial court prevented him from presenting evidence and jury
instructions that the cocaine base was for his personal use and, therefore, he was
guilty only of simple possession of cocaine base. He further claims that the
Oklahoma state statute under which he was convicted, Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 2-415,
is constitutionally infirm because it requires that a defendant be convicted of drug
trafficking based solely on the amount of cocaine base he possessed.
The record reflects that the trial court permitted the jury to hear petitioner’s
evidence that the amount of cocaine base in his possession was suitable for
personal use. We have considered petitioner’s argument that the trial court
improperly refused his tendered jury instructions in the context of the entire trial.
We hold that petitioner has failed to demonstrate errors in the jury instructions
that rendered his trial fundamentally unfair. See Nguyen v. Reynolds, 131 F.3d
1340, 1357 (10th Cir. 1997).
-2-
Petitioner next claims that Okla. Stat. tit. 63, § 2-415 is unconstitutional
because it permitted him to be convicted of the crime of drug trafficking based
solely on the amount of cocaine base in his possession, even though there was
no evidence that he intended to sell the cocaine base. Section 2-415 applies to
persons convicted of violations involving possession of cocaine base, see id.,
§ 2-415(A)(7) & (B)(2), in quantities of five grams or more, see id.,
§ 2-415(C)(7). Petitioner concedes that his admission that he possessed 9.56
grams of cocaine base brings him within the purview of § 2-415. He asserts that
the statute creates a factual presumption of trafficking based solely on the amount
of cocaine base in his possession, in violation of his constitutional right to due
process.
Even though this claim was not exhausted in state court, we have
jurisdiction and will consider it because, considering Oklahoma law, additional
state court proceedings would not be helpful. See Granberry v. Greer, 481 U.S.
129, 131 (1987). On habeas review, we are bound by a state court’s application
or interpretation of state law unless it violates federal law. See Estelle v.
McGuire, 502 U.S. 62, 67-68 (1991); Bowser v. Boggs, 20 F.3d 1060, 1065
(10th Cir. 1994). Oklahoma has considered the argument raised here by
petitioner, and concluded that § 2-415 “does not create a presumption a defendant
sold the drugs or intended to sell drugs. Rather, the Legislature . . . has defined
-3-
‘trafficking’ as possessing specific amounts of a controlled dangerous substance.”
Anderson v. State, 905 P.2d 231, 233 (Okla. Crim. App. 1995). Section 2-415
recognizes the legislative intent “that those who possess [a drug in excess of a
specified amount] deserve a stiff punishment.” Id. (quotation omitted). Petitioner
does not allege that federal law prohibits imposing increasingly severe sentences
as the amount of cocaine base involved increases. Therefore, we hold that
petitioner has failed to establish “that he is in custody in violation of the
Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a).
The judgment of the United States District Court for the Western District
of Oklahoma is AFFIRMED. The mandate shall issue forthwith.
Entered for the Court
Carlos F. Lucero
Circuit Judge
-4-
Walker v. Klinger
Combined Opinion