F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
APR 29 1998
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 97-2282
v. (D.C. No. CIV-96-1467-JC)
(D. N.M.)
MICHAEL GASKIN,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, BRORBY, and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
Michael Gaskin is a federal prisoner and a pro se litigant. Mr. Gaskin
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
requests a certificate of appealability to appeal the district court's denial of his
motion to reconsider that court's earlier dismissal of Mr. Gaskin's § 2255 motion.
See 28 U.S.C. § 2255. We deny Mr. Gaskin's request for a certificate of
appealability and dismiss the appeal.
Mr. Gaskin entered a guilty plea, pursuant to a written plea agreement, to
the charge of possession with intent to distribute less than fifty kilograms of
marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). As part of this agreement, the
Government dismissed a gun charge against Mr. Gaskin. In accordance with the
terms of the plea agreement, Mr. Gaskin was sentenced to thirty months
imprisonment in "the custody of the United States Bureau of Prisons." The plea
agreement was silent as to where and how Mr. Gaskin would serve his sentence;
however, the sentencing court recommended Mr. Gaskin serve his sentence at the
"Intensive Confinement Center, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania," a "shock
incarceration" or "boot camp" facility. 1
Interestingly, as part of the plea
agreement, Mr. Gaskin also waived his right to pursue “post-conviction relief,
1
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 4046, the Bureau of Prisons is authorized to
place prisoners into the Intensive Confinement Center program. This "is a
specialized program combining features of a military boot camp with the
traditional correctional values of the Bureau of Prisons, followed by extended
participation in community-based programs. The goal of [the] program is to
promote personal development, self-control, and discipline." 28 C.F.R. § 524.30.
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including ... any motions filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255."
On July 8, 1996, Mr. Gaskin was designated to the Pennsylvania boot camp
recommended by the sentencing court. After Mr. Gaskin had completed
approximately two months of the six-month program, the Bureau of Prisons
determined he was ineligible for the program and transferred him to a federal
prison camp in Texas. On October 23, 1996, Mr. Gaskin filed a § 2255 motion in
the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico. Mr. Gaskin
alleged the "denial of enrollment" in the boot camp program constituted a breach
of the plea agreement. Arguing that enrollment in the boot camp necessarily
would have led to his early release from custody, Mr. Gaskin asked to be released
from the prison camp to "house arrest" for the balance of his thirty-month
sentence.
The magistrate judge concluded that a "'sentencing court has no authority to
order that a convicted defendant be confined in a particular facility, much less
placed in a particular treatment program; those decisions are within the sole
discretion of the Bureau of Prisons,'" quoting United States v. Williams , 65 F.3d
301, 307 (2d Cir 1995), and held the district court "lacks the authority to grant the
relief requested.” After a de novo review of the record, including Mr. Gaskin's
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objections, the district court adopted the magistrate's findings and
recommendation. The New Mexico district court further held Mr. Gaskin's claim
was "not cognizable" under § 2255, citing, inter alia , Bradshaw v. Story , 86 F.3d
164, 166 (10th Cir. 1996) (describing scope of § 2255), and dismissed Mr.
Gaskin’s petition with prejudice on February 24, 1997.
Mr. Gaskin did not appeal the New Mexico district court's dismissal of his
§ 2255 motion. However, Mr. Gaskin did file for writ of habeas corpus pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the United States District Court for the Western District of
Texas, the district where he was then confined in the federal prison camp. The
record indicates Mr. Gaskin's habeas petition again raised the issue of his transfer
out of the boot camp, and requested immediate release from incarceration. The
Texas district court also concluded Mr. Gaskin was not "entitled to placement in a
'boot camp'"and, moreover, "completion of a shock incarceration program does
not entitle an offender to a sentence reduction." Accordingly, on July 24, 1997,
the Texas district court denied Mr. Gaskin's petition.
On July 30, 1997, Mr. Gaskin returned to the New Mexico district court,
filing a self-styled "Petition to Rehear Matter on Judicial Recommendation
Ordered at Sentencing." On August 7, 1997, the district court denied Mr.
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Gaskin's motion, concluding the "motion for reconsideration essentially reargues
the legal issues already decided ... on February 24, 1997." Mr. Gaskin then filed
a notice of appeal to this court on August 14, 1997. Finding "no substantial issue
of law for review," the district court denied Mr. Gaskin a certificate of
appealability on August 21, 1997.
We first must determine the scope of our appellate review in this matter.
Mr. Gaskin's July 30, 1997 motion asks the New Mexico district court to "re-
open" his case. We read his petition as a motion to reconsider, as did the district
court. The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, however, do not recognize a motion
to reconsider. Hatfield v. Board of County Comm'rs for Converse County , 52
F.3d 858, 861 (10th Cir. 1995). Accordingly, we construe a self-styled motion to
reconsider in one of two ways. See Hawkins v. Evans , 64 F.3d 543, 546 (10th
Cir. 1995). If the motion is filed within ten days of the district court's entry of
judgment, it is treated as a Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) motion to alter or amend the
judgment. Id. If the motion is filed more than ten days after entry of judgment, it
is treated as a Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) motion seeking relief from judgment. Id.
The distinction is significant because a Rule 59(e) motion tolls the thirty-day
period for appeal while a Rule 60(b) motion does not. Id. Thus, "an appeal from
the denial of a motion to reconsider construed as a Rule 59(e) motion permits
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consideration of the merits of the underlying judgment, while an appeal from the
denial of a Rule 60(b) motion does not itself preserve for appellate review the
underlying judgment." Id. (citing multiple cases).
Filed more than five months after the February 24, 1997 judgment on his
§ 2255 motion, Mr. Gaskin's July 30, 1997 motion to reconsider must be treated
as a Rule 60(b) motion. Consequently, Mr. Gaskin's appeal raises for review only
the district court's denial of his motion to reconsider and not the underlying
judgment itself. See id.
A Rule 60(b) motion is not a substitute for direct appeal. See Cashner v.
Freedom Stores, Inc ., 98 F.3d 572, 576 (10th Cir. 1996). Relief under Rule 60(b)
is discretionary and is warranted only upon a showing of exceptional
circumstances. Id. Exceptional circumstances may be demonstrated by satisfying
one or more of the six grounds for relief provided under Rule 60(b). Mr. Gaskin's
motion fails to satisfy any of these grounds.
The district court concluded Mr. Gaskin's motion "essentially reargues the
legal issues already decided." We agree. Mr. Gaskin asserts his “due process
rights were violated in his expulsion from this program after he completed 33
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percent of such program, and the resulting measures deprived him in receiving
freedoms likened to good time credits.” As authority for this proposition, Mr.
Gaskin cites Wolff v. McDonnell , 418 U.S. 539 (1974); Preiser v. Rodriguez , 411
U.S. 475 (1973); and Downey v. Crabtree , 100 F.3d 662 (9th Cir. 1996).
However, the cases cited are inapposite and warrant no further comment.
Mr. Gaskin's motion to reconsider simply reargues the claims already
rejected in both his § 2255 motion and his § 2241 petition. We conclude the
district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Mr. Gaskin's motion for
reconsideration, thus Mr. Gaskin has failed to make a substantial showing of the
denial of a constitutional right. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).
Accordingly, Mr. Gaskin's request for a certificate of appealability is
DENIED . 2 The appeal is DISMISSED .
Entered for the Court
WADE BRORBY
United States Circuit Judge
2
The Government's motions to affirm the denial of a certificate of
appealability and to dismiss Mr. Gaskin's appeal are granted. The Government's
motion to stay the briefing requirement is moot.
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