F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
AUG 31 1999
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
JEFFREY R. MULBERRY,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 99-1220
RICHARD SOARES; ATTORNEY (D.C. No. 99-K-349)
GENERAL OF THE STATE OF (D. Colo.)
COLORADO,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
Before SEYMOUR, Chief Judge, BALDOCK, and HENRY, Circuit Judges.**
In October 1993, Petitioner Jeffrey R. Mulberry was incarcerated at the Limon,
Colorado Correctional Facility to serve the following state sentences: (1) four years for
vehicular eluding (Adams County Case 92-CR-2166); (2) twelve years for second degree
assault (Adams County Case 93-CR-0282); (3) four years for attempted second degree
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of
law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the
citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under
the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
**
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this
appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)(C); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
burglary (Adams County Case 93-CR-0428); (4) eight years for aggravated motor vehicle
theft (Weld County Case 93-CR-76); (5) twelve years for second degree burglary
(Arapahoe County Case 93-CR-822); (6) four years for second degree burglary (Jefferson
County Case 93-CR-517); and (7) twelve years for second degree burglary (Arapahoe
County Case 93-CR-817). Petitioner initially met with the Colorado Parole Board in
March 1998. The Board deferred action until January 1999. In January 1999, Petitioner
again met with the Board, and the Board again deferred action until January 2000. In
response, Petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
2254.1 Petitioner alleged the Board’s decision was arbitrary, capricious, and an abuse of
discretion, and consequently denied him his constitutional right to liberty. The district
court denied the writ and dismissed the petition. The court subsequently denied
Petitioner’s application for a certificate of appealability and for leave to proceed on
appeal in forma pauperis. See Fed. R. App. P. 24. Petitioner’s renewed application is
before us. Because Petitioner fails to make a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right, we deny the application and dismiss the appeal. See 28 U.S.C.
§ 2253(c); United States v. Simmonds, 111 F.3d 737, 746 (10th Cir. 1997).
For those defendants serving sentences in Colorado for crimes committed on or
after July 1, 1985, the Colorado Parole Board has unlimited discretion to grant or deny
1
Petitioner was properly permitted to file his § 2254 petition in federal district
court without first seeking review of the Board’s decision in state court. See Mahn v.
Gunter, 978 F.2d 566, 600 n.3 (10th Cir. 1992).
2
parole. Thiret v. Kautzky, 792 P.2d 801, 805 (Colo. 1990). Consequently, Petitioner has
“no constitutional or inherent right . . . to be conditionally released before the expiration
of a valid sentence.” Greenholtz v. Inmates of Nebraska Penal & Correctional Complex,
442 U.S. 1, 7 (1979). The parole decision in Colorado turns on a “discretionary
assessment of a multiplicity of imponderables,” including but not necessarily limited to
the nature of the crime(s) committed, the amount of time served, and the risk to society.
Id. at 10. Where, as in this case, a decision of the parole board turns on such
constitutionally valid factors, a decision to defer parole constitutes a sound exercise of
discretion and violates no constitutional provision. Wildermuth v. Furlong, 147 F.3d
1234, 1236-37 (10th Cir. 1998). Colorado’s parole procedures afforded Petitioner an
opportunity to be heard and provided him with valid reasons why his parole was deferred.
This is all that the Constitution requires. See Greenholtz, 442 U.S. at 16.
APPLICATION FOR A CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY AND FOR
LEAVE TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS DENIED; APPEAL DISMISSED.
Entered for the Court,
Bobby R. Baldock
Circuit Judge
3