F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
JUN 15 2000
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee, No. 99-4163
v. D. Utah
SALVADOR JUAREZ-RODRIGUEZ, (D.C. No. 99-CR-79)
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BALDOCK , HENRY , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.
Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez challenges the district court’s imposition of a
sixteen-level enhancement pursuant to USSG §2L1.2(b)(1)(A). Mr Juarez-
Rodriguez pleaded guilty to one count of re-entry of a deported alien under 8
U.S.C. § 1326.
On appeal, Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez challenges the district court’s
characterization of his previous conviction as an aggravated felony under §2L1.2
and as a felony under California law. Title 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(43)(F) defines
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
aggravated felony to include “a crime of violence . . . for which the term of
imprisonment [is] at least one year.”
In 1996, Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez was convicted of two separate instances of
inflicting corporal injury upon his spouse, pursuant to California Penal Code §
273.5. He was sentenced to a two-year prison term for the first conviction, and to
two years for the second conviction, to be served concurrently.
The presentence report, to which Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez did not object,
indicates that Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez was sentenced to two years in state prison for
the first violation of § 273.5. Section 273.5 is one of California’s problematic
“wobbler” statutes, see People v. Holt , 690 P.2d 1207, 1215 n.7 (Cal. 1984) (en
banc). The state court may treat a violation of a wobbler statute as either a
misdemeanor or a felony depending on the punishment imposed. If the sentence
imposed includes a state prison term, the conviction becomes a felony by
operation of state law. See Cal. Penal Code § 17(b)(1).
Mr Juarez-Rodriguez admitted to the existence of the second conviction
during his plea allocution before the district court, but made no statement
regarding the first conviction. At the sentencing hearing, Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez
challenged the characterization of the first conviction as a felony, but did not
challenge the second conviction’s characterization. He also disputed the
underlying facts of both convictions at sentencing.
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We note because Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez’s failed to object to the factual
assertion in the presentence report that he was convicted of a felony “‘acts as an
admission of fact.’” United States v. Shinault , 147 F.3d 1266, 1278 (10th Cir.
1998) (quoting United States v. Deninno , 29 F.3d 572, 580 (10th Cir. 1994)). Mr.
Juarez-Rodriguez challenged the facts underlying his convictions under § 273.5,
but his belated challenge to the treatment of the first conviction as a felony by
operation of state law is too little too late. Even if his challenge garnered some
merit, the second conviction may serve as the predicate offense for the purposes
of the sentencing guidelines.
Although the Eighth Circuit has imposed a rigid test for a similar wobbler
statute, Cal. Health & Safety Code § 11355, see United States v. Hester , 917 F.2d
1083, 1084 (8th Cir. 1990) (stating that although California classified the relevant
conviction as a misdemeanor, “because the potential punishment for [the] offense
exceeds one year, [the defendant’s] California conviction must be treated as a
felony for federal sentencing purposes under section 4B1.1 [of the USSG]”), we
see no need to formulate such a test here. The unchallenged record here supports
the district court’s finding that the predicate offense was an aggravated felony
under the USSG. Under §2L1.2(b)(1)(A), because Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez was
previously deported after a conviction for an aggravated felony, the district court
may impose a sixteen-level increase to his base offense level.
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For the reasons set forth above, we AFFIRM Mr. Juarez-Rodriguez’s
sentence.
Entered for the Court,
Robert H. Henry
Circuit Judge
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