Patricia THOMASON, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
WCAC CONTOUR FABRICATORS, INC., St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, Select Office Systems, and Accident Fund Insurance Company of America, Defendants-Appellees.
Docket No. 241035.
Court of Appeals of Michigan.
Submitted December 4, 2002, at Lansing. Decided January 17, 2003, at 9:05 a.m. Released for Publication April 2, 2003.*52 Hurlburt, Tsiros, Allweil & Perez, P.C., (by John T. Tsiros), Saginaw, for the plaintiff.
Humphrey, Hannon, Moriarity & Schoener, P.C., (by Timothy P. Moriarity and Denise L. Clemmons), Troy, for Contour Fabricators, Inc., and St. Paul Property & Casualty Insurance Company.
Before: NEFF, P.J., and HOEKSTRA and O'CONNELL, JJ.
NEFF, P.J.
This case is before us on remand from the Supreme Court for consideration as on leave granted.[1] Plaintiff appeals the decision of the Worker's Compensation Appellate Commission reversing the magistrate's open award of benefits. We reverse and reinstate the magistrate's award.
I
Plaintiff sustained a disabling nerve injury when blood was drawn from her arm during a medical examination at her place of employment. The examination was required for plaintiff to receive additional life insurance benefits. The magistrate found that plaintiff was credible; the medical testimony established that she suffered from reflex sympathetic dystrophy and that plaintiff suffered a disabling injury arising out of and in the course of her employment. An open award of benefits was entered.
The WCAC reversed, ruling that while M.C.L. § 418.301(3) establishes a presumption that an injury sustained on an employer's premises is in the course of employment, it does not create a presumption that the injury arises out of employment. The WCAC went on to hold that because it found that the activity in which plaintiff sustained her injury did not benefit the employer, the injury therefore did not arise out of plaintiff's employment.
This Court's review of a decision of the WCAC is limited. If there is any *53 evidence supporting the WCAC's factual findings, and if the WCAC did not misapprehend its administrative appellate role in reviewing decisions of the magistrate, then the courts must treat the WCAC's factual findings as conclusive. Mudel v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 462 Mich. 691, 710-711, 614 N.W.2d 607 (2000). This Court reviews de novo questions of law, and a decision of the WCAC is subject to reversal if it is based on erroneous legal reasoning or the wrong legal framework. DiBenedetto v. West Shore Hosp., 461 Mich. 394, 401-402, 605 N.W.2d 300 (2000).
II
The WCAC clearly engaged in erroneous legal reasoning when it determined that plaintiff's injury did not arise out of her employment. An employee who receives a personal injury arising out of and in the course of employment by an employer who is subject to the act at the time of the injury, shall be paid compensation. MCL 418.301(1). An employee is entitled to compensation where the nexus between the employment and the injury is sufficient to conclude that the injury was a circumstance of employment. Illes v. Jones Transfer Co. (On Remand), 213 Mich.App. 44, 51, 539 N.W.2d 382 (1995).
MCL 418.301(3) provides in relevant part:
An employee going to or from his or her work, while on the premises where the employee's work is to be performed, and within a reasonable time before and after his or her working hours, is presumed to be in the course of his or her employment. Notwithstanding this presumption, an injury incurred in the pursuit of an activity the major purpose of which is social or recreational is not covered under this act.
It is undisputed that plaintiff's injury occurred on work premises and falls within the ambit of M.C.L. § 418.301(3). The WCAC essentially held that plaintiff's injury did not arise in the course of her employment because the activity that caused the injury did not benefit the employer. This holding was error as a matter of law on two bases: first, because it created a requirement not found in the statute, i.e., that an injury incurred on the employer's premises must stem from activity that benefits the employer for the injury to be deemed to arise in the course of employment; and, second, because it concluded that the activity did not benefit the employer.
A
Nothing will be read into a clear statute that is not within the manifest intention of the Legislature as derived from the language of the statute itself. Roberts v. Mecosta Co. Gen. Hosp., 466 Mich. 57, 63, 642 N.W.2d 663 (2002). The courts cannot judicially legislate by adding language to a statute. Empire Iron Mining Partnership v. Orhanen, 455 Mich. 410, 421, 565 N.W.2d 844 (1997); In re Wayne Co. Prosecutor, 232 Mich.App. 482, 486, 591 N.W.2d 359 (1998).
In requiring that a plaintiff show a benefit to the employer for an injury incurred on the employer's premises to be deemed to arise in the course of employment, the WCAC decision reads into the statute a requirement that is not there. An employee's injury on the employer's premises may arise out of the employment even though the employee is rendering no particular service to the employer at the time of the injury. Freiborg v. Chrysler Corp., 350 Mich. 104, 110, 85 N.W.2d 145 (1957). There is no requirement that an activity on the employer's premises that results in injury be of benefit to the employer.
*54 B
The WCAC also erred as a matter of law in finding that the employer received no benefit from the activity that caused the injury. Therefore, even if the WCAC could properly graft a "benefit" requirement onto the statute, its decision in this case must be reversed.
Receiving remuneration for one's work is part of the duties one owes to the employer, and an employee is in the course of her employment when she is injured at her place of employment while there to receive her paycheck. Dunlap v. Clinton Valley Ctr., 169 Mich.App. 354, 357, 425 N.W.2d 553 (1988). Additional life insurance benefits given at no cost to the employee are part of the remuneration for employment. Employers expend large sums to establish employee goodwill. No tangible products are produced, but the cost is recognized as a cost of doing business. Nemeth v. Michigan Bldg. Components, 390 Mich. 734, 737-738, 213 N.W.2d 144 (1973). Defendant employer could reasonably expect to receive increased employee goodwill by providing additional benefits.
The Legislature has imposed limits on compensation for injuries that are not work-related injuries and that occur on the job premises. These injuries are excluded from coverage under the act when the major purpose of the activity in which the employee is injured is social or recreational. MCL 418.301(3). Here, plaintiff's activity was neither social nor recreational and therefore she is entitled to the benefit of the statutory presumption that her injury occurred in the course of her employment. Nothing before the magistrate or the WCAC operated to overcome the presumption. The decision of the WCAC was based on erroneous legal reasoning.
Reversed and remanded for reinstatement of benefits awarded by the magistrate. We do not retain jurisdiction.
NOTES
[1] Thomason v. Contour Fabricators, 466 Mich. 852, 643 N.W.2d 578 (2002). The Supreme Court remand order followed orders of this Court denying leave to appeal and reconsideration entered August 23, 2001, and October 5, 2001, respectively (Docket No. 234858).