F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
NOV 14 2001
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 01-3003
v. (District of Kansas)
(D.C. No. 00-CV-3127-JTM)
ROBERT LEE DOWNS,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before HENRY, BRISCOE, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
After examining Appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G).
The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
The case is before this court on Robert Lee Downs’ request for a certificate
of appealability (“COA”). Downs seeks a COA so he can appeal the district
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
court’s denial of the motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence he filed
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B) (providing that the
appeal of a final order disposing of a § 2255 motion may not be taken to a court
of appeals unless a COA is issued).
Also before this court is appellee’s motion to dismiss Downs’ appeal.
Appellee relies on Rule 4(b) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure to
support its argument that Downs’ notice of appeal should have been filed within
ten days after the district court entered its order denying his § 2255 motion.
Appeals from the grant or denial of a § 2255 motion, however, are governed by
the time requirements applicable to civil appeals. See Klink v. United States , 308
F.2d 775, 776 (10th Cir. 1962). Rule 4(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Rules of
Appellate Procedure provides that when the United States is a party in an action,
the notice of appeal must be filed “within 60 days after the judgment or order
appealed from is entered.” Rule 4(a)(4) details the effect of certain motions on
the time for filing a notice of appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4). We have
reviewed the record and conclude that Downs’ notice of appeal was timely filed.
Appellee’s motion is therefore denied .
Downs entered a conditional guilty plea to a count of possession of
marijuana with the intent to distribute. Downs brought a direct appeal
challenging the district court’s denial of his motion to suppress evidence found in
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his vehicle. This court affirmed the district court’s denial of the motion to
suppress. See United States v. Downs , 151 F.3d 1301 (10th Cir. 1998).
Downs then filed the instant § 2255 motion. In his motion, Downs raised
several ineffective assistance of counsel claims. Downs also alleged that his due
process rights were violated by: (1) the government’s failure to disclose evidence
in violation of Brady v. Maryland , 373 U.S. 83 (1963); (2) the government’s use
of leading questions during the direct examination of a police officer; and (3) the
government’s use of false testimony. Downs also claimed he was illegally
stopped because of his race.
The district court first determined that Downs should have raised two of
the issues on direct appeal and, therefore, they were procedurally barred. Downs
argues that the district court failed to consider whether the alleged ineffective
assistance of his counsel constituted cause for the procedural default. We have
reviewed the record and conclude that Downs did not present any evidence that
demonstrated cause for the default. See United States v. Wright , 43 F.3d 491,
496 (10th Cir. 1994) (“A defendant is procedurally barred from presenting any
claim in a section 2255 petition that he failed to raise on direct appeal unless he
can demonstrate cause for his procedural default and prejudice suffered thereby .
. . .”).
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The court next considered each of Downs’ ineffective assistance claims
and concluded they were without merit. See United States v. Cox , 83 F.3d 336,
341 (10th Cir. 1996) (“A defendant may establish cause for procedural default by
showing he received ineffective assistance of counsel.”). The district court
determined that Downs had not shown constitutionally-deficient performance on
the part of his counsel or had not shown that he was prejudiced by counsel’s
performance. See Strickland v. Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
Finally, the district court considered Downs’ due process claims and
rejected them on the merits. In particular, Downs failed to establish that the
government had an obligation under Brady v. Maryland to produce photographs
of the drugs found in his vehicle. See 373 U.S. 83 (1963). Downs claims these
photographs show that the raw marijuana found in the trunk of his vehicle was
tightly wrapped in plastic and bound with duct tape. Downs, however, provided
no support for his unsubstantiated allegation that the wrapping made it
impossible for the arresting officer to smell the marijuana. Thus, Downs did not
demonstrate that the district court would have granted his motion to suppress if
the government had provided the photographs to him and, consequently, failed to
show that the photographs were material. See United States v. Bagley , 473 U.S.
667, 682 (1985) (“[E]vidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability
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that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.”).
Downs is not entitled to a COA unless he can make “a substantial showing
of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U .S.C. § 2253(c)(2). Downs can
make that showing by demonstrating that: (1) the issues raised are debatable
among jurists, (2) a court could resolve the issues differently, or (3) the questions
presented deserve further proceedings. See Slack v. McDaniel , 529 U.S. 473,
483-84 (2000).
This court has reviewed Downs’ application for a COA and appellate brief,
the district court’s order, and the entire record before us. That review has
uncovered no reversible error in the district court’s disposition of Downs’ § 2255
motion. Thus, we conclude that the district court’s disposition of Downs’ § 2255
motion is not deserving of further proceedings, debatable among jurists of
reason, or subject to a different resolution on appeal. Accordingly, Downs has
not made “a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right” and is not
entitled to a COA. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This court denies Downs’
request for a COA and dismisses this appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Michael R. Murphy
Circuit Judge
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