F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 13 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
No. 02-1474
v.
(D.C. No. 00-CR-439-S)
(Colorado)
WALLACE RAYMOND CROOKS,
also known as Ray Ray,
Defendant-Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before SEYMOUR, MURPHY, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
Wallace Raymond Crooks appeals his conviction and sentence for
conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute crack cocaine. Mr. Crooks’ counsel
filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and moves for
*
After examining appellant’s brief and the appellate record, this panel has
determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the
determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2) and 10th Cir. R.
34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and
judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case,
res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of
orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the
terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
leave to withdraw as counsel. We grant the motion to withdraw and dismiss the
appeal.
Mr. Crooks was indicted by a federal grand jury in Colorado along with
nineteen co-defendants. He was charged with one count of conspiracy to possess
with intent to distribute in excess of fifty grams of crack cocaine. He waived jury
trial and was tried to the court. Mr. Crooks was convicted after a trial which
lasted three days and included testimony from ten witnesses, four of whom had
originally been charged as co-defendants. He filed no objections to the
Presentence Investigation Report and was sentenced to 360 months imprisonment.
Anders holds that if counsel finds a case to be wholly frivolous after
conscientious examination, he may advise the court and request permission to
withdraw. Counsel must also submit to both the court and his client a brief
referring to anything in the record arguably supportive of the appeal. The client
may then raise any point he chooses, and the court thereafter undertakes a
complete examination of the proceedings and decides whether the appeal is in fact
frivolous. If it so finds, it may grant counsel’s request to withdraw and dismiss
the appeal. See id. at 744. Counsel provided Mr. Crooks with a copy of his
appellate brief. Mr. Crooks in turn filed a pro se appellate brief.
Mr. Crooks’ counsel meticulously chronicled the evidence presented at trial
and determined there was no argument to be made based on the sufficiency of that
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evidence. Viewing that evidence in the light most favorable to the government
and inquiring only whether any rational trier of fact could find the defendant
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, we agree with Mr. Crooks’ counsel that a
sufficiency-of- evidence argument would be frivolous in this case. The witness
testimony was ample regarding Mr. Crooks’ involvement in the conspiracy.
As to potential errors in sentencing, Mr. Crooks’ counsel notes the district
court did not err in any of its calculations. Furthermore, although Mr. Crooks
requested a downward departure, the district court’s refusal to depart after
acknowledging its authority to do so is not subject to review by this court.
Finally, Mr. Crooks’ counsel notes, the district court imposed a sentence at the
low end of the guideline range.
Although Mr. Crooks does not in his own brief raise the argument he made
at trial regarding the unconstitutionality of 21 U.S.C. § 841 and U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1,
Mr. Crooks’ counsel points out we have consistently held the penalty provisions
in those sections do not violate equal protection or due process, United States v.
Thurmond, 7 F.3d 947, 951-52 (10th Cir. 1993), and are not void for vagueness,
United States v. Turner, 928 F.2d 956, 960 (10th Cir. 1991).
Similarly, although Mr. Crooks does not in his own brief raise the argument
he made below regarding ineffective assistance of counsel, Mr. Crook’s counsel
notes that such claims should generally be raised in a petition for habeas corpus
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relief, rather than on direct appeal. See, e.g., Massaro v. United States, 123 S. Ct.
1690, 1695 (2003); United States v. Galloway, 56 F.3d 1239, 1240 (10th Cir.
1995) (en banc).
In his pro se brief, Mr. Crooks makes two additional arguments. Neither is
perfectly clear, but as best we can discern, the first is based on alleged
inconsistencies between a witness’ trial testimony and an agent’s narration of that
testimony to the grand jury. Mr. Crooks has not actually alleged that he was
refused the right to have the grand jury minutes made available for his counsel to
inspect for inconsistencies. Nor can we find any indication in the record of a
request for such minutes or a refusal by the court to allow such an inspection of
them. Although we construe pro se arguments liberally, Cummings v. Evans, 161
F.3d 610, 613 (10th Cir. 1998), we are not obliged to hunt through the record to
find support for any litigant’s argument. See Steele v. Thiokol Corp., 241 F.3d
1248, 1250 n.1 (10th Cir. 2001); Adler v. WalMart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 644, 672
(10th Cir. 1998). Nonetheless, our review of the record indicates that the court
entered an order permitting disclosure of grand jury material, rec., vol. I, doc.
183, and that Mr. Crooks received relevant transcripts of the grand jury
proceedings, id. doc. 241 at 2; id. doc. 290 at 6; rec., vol. II, doc. 296 at 7.
Moreover, Mr. Crooks acknowledged before trial that he had “received all the
discovery available in the case regarding his conduct from the United States
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Government.” Rec., vol. II, doc. 351 at 2. Thus, to the extent we comprehend
Mr. Crooks’ first argument, we find it lacks any foundation and is frivolous.
As to the second argument, Mr. Crooks may be alleging a violation of his
right to confront witnesses. If that is the case, our review of the record
establishes that both witnesses mentioned in his pro se brief testified at the trial,
where Mr. Crooks’ counsel had the opportunity to cross-examine them. Id., doc.
920, attach. at 14-15. It is also possible to construe Mr. Crooks’ argument as one
challenging the credibility of these two witnesses, which aligns with Mr. Crooks’
remarks on the subject at his sentencing hearing. Rec., vol. III at 10, 33-35. We
do not disturb the credibility determinations of the district court unless they are
clearly erroneous. United States v. McIntyre, 997 F.2d 687, 708 (10th Cir. 1993).
No such error is apparent in this case. Mr. Crooks’ second argument is thus
frivolous as well.
After careful review of the entire proceedings, we agree with counsel that
no non-frivolous grounds for appeal appear on this record. Accordingly, we
GRANT counsel’s request to withdraw and we DISMISS the appeal.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephanie K. Seymour
Circuit Judge
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