F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
AUG 29 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
ANTHONY W. BROWN,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. No. 03-6073
(D.C. No. 02-CV-1353-R)
KEVIN MCCRAY, Attorney; (W.D. Oklahoma)
JENNIFER RICHARDS, Attorney;
JOHN WHETSEL, Sheriff; COUNTY
OF OKLAHOMA,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before KELLY, BRISCOE, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges. **
Plaintiff-Appellant Anthony W. Brown, a state prisoner appearing pro se,
appeals from the district court’s order dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights
complaint for failure to state a claim for which relief may be granted. 28 U.S.C.
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
**
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). In his complaint, which requested monetary damages and his
release from prison, Mr. Brown asserted claims against the two public defenders
assigned to represent him during his pre-trial incarceration (“attorneys”), the
sheriff responsible for managing the facility were he was detained (“sheriff”), and
the County were the facility was located (“County”). A magistrate judge
recommended that the complaint be dismissed for failure to state a claim for
which relief may be granted, and Mr. Brown thereafter filed an objection which,
instead of objecting, sought permission to amend his complaint to include a
conspiracy claim. Consequently, the district court adopted the magistrate judge’s
report and recommendation and dismissed the complaint, but granted leave for
Mr. Brown to file an amended complaint within 15 days. R. Doc. 13. After Mr.
Brown filed his amended complaint, the magistrate judge again recommended
dismissal, and the district court dismissed the complaint over Mr. Brown’s
objections. Our jurisdiction arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
In his complaints, Mr. Brown alleges that he spent over 1,500 days in pre-
trial confinement before he was afforded a trial, and that he was thereby deprived
of due process. He also claims that his pre-trial detention violated his right to a
speedy trial and effective assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment, R.
Doc. 2 at 2, and that the defendants violated his constitutional rights by
conspiring to keep him in pre-trial confinement. R. Doc. 11.
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On appeal Mr. Brown renews his claims that the named defendants are
liable under § 1983 due to the allegedly “excessive” period of pre-trial detention.
Aplt. Br. at 14. He further argues that the district court erred in dismissing his
complaint because he proved that he was in pre-trial detention for approximately
4 ½ years, and that such amounted to proof that the defendants violated his
constitutional rights. Id. at 15. We disagree.
Contrary to the assertions in his brief, it is not enough to state a claim
under § 1983 to allege, or even prove, that he was incarcerated as a pre-trial
detainee for a certain period of time. As to his request to be released from prison,
the magistrate judge properly concluded that such relief must be sought via a
petition for a writ of habeas corpus after exhausting any available state-court
remedies. See Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500 (1973). 1 Moreover, we
agree that Mr. Brown’s damages claims were properly dismissed under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). Because a criminal defendant’s attorneys do not act “under
color of state law” for purposes of § 1983, dismissal of the claims against his
attorneys was proper on that ground. See Polk County v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312,
1
Although we must liberally construe pro se pleadings, see Haines v.
Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972), we decline to construe Mr. Brown’s complaint
as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus because such a petition would
nonetheless be subject to dismissal for failure to exhaust available state remedies
in light of his admission that he has filed no previous lawsuits raising his claims
in any state court. R. Doc. 2 at 4.
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317 n.4 (1981) (holding that public defenders do not act under color of state law
“when performing the traditional functions of counsel to a criminal defendant.”).
Moreover, Mr. Brown’s conspiracy claim did not save his claims against his
attorneys because, although a public defender who conspires with public officials
to deprive a client of constitutional rights indeed acts under color of state law,
Mr. Brown’s conspiracy allegations were conclusory in nature and thus
insufficient to state a claim for relief. See Hunt v. Bennett, 17 F.3d 1263, 1268
(10th Cir. 1994) (dismissing § 1983 claim against attorneys on ground that the
conspiracy allegation was conclusory and unsupported by facts).
We also hold that Mr. Brown failed to state a claim against the sheriff
because he failed to make the required showing that the sheriff personally
participated in the alleged constitutional violations. See Olson v. Stotts, 9 F.3d
1475, 1477 (10th Cir. 1993). Although Mr. Brown claims in his brief that the
sheriff “knew that he should have been gotten [sic] to trial sooner,” Aplt. Br. at
15, the claim is insufficient. 2 Likewise, Mr. Brown failed to allege that the
violation of his rights was caused by an official custom or policy of the County–a
showing that is required in order to state a § 1983 claim against a municipality.
2
As noted by the district court, a claim against a sheriff in his official
capacity is “the equivalent of a suit against [the] County.” Lopez v. LeMaster,
172 F.3d 756, 762 (10th Cir. 1999). Consequently, to the extent Mr. Brown’s
complaint can be construed as including an official capacity claim against the
sheriff, we need only address the claim against the County.
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See Bd. of County Comm’rs of Bryan County v. Brown, 520 U.S. 397, 403
(1997).
Consequently, we AFFIRM for substantially the same reasons given by the
magistrate judge, and GRANT Mr. Brown’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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