F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
OCT 28 2003
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
KENNETH R. JAMES,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
No. 03-1118 and 03-1233
v. (D.C. No. 02-Z-2437)
(D. Colo.)
FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS;
WARDEN GALLEGOS, in his
individual and fiduciary/official
capacity; CHRISTOPHER J. LAMB,
in his individual and fiduciary/official
capacity; J. NEGRON, HT/EMT, in
his individual and fiduciary/official
capacity; D. THARP, D.O., Clinical
Director, in his individual and
fiduciary/official capacity; FRANK
CORDOVA, N.P., in his individual
and fiduciary/official capacity;
UNKNOWN PHARMACIST, in his
individual and fiduciary/official
capacity; AZUMAH, P.A., in his
individual and fiduciary/official
capacity; MS. BROWN, C.M.T., in her
individual and fiduciary/official
capacity,
Defendants - Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
Before KELLY, BRISCOE, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges. **
Plaintiff Kenneth R. James, an inmate appearing pro se, appeals the district
court’s dismissal of his claim for injunctive relief and monetary damages under
Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S.
388 (1971), and his motion to reconsider judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b).
These claims were consolidated for procedural purposes only; we now decide both
appeals together. Mr. James sued the Warden and the medical staff and at FCI
Florence, Colorado, claiming a failure to provide proper medical care and
deliberate indifference to his medical needs. Doc. 4 (Complaint). Because the
operative facts of this case involve negligence or gross negligence and because no
abuse of discretion occurred in the district court’s denial of the Rule 60(b)
motion, we affirm.
As Mr. James is proceeding pro se, we construe his complaint liberally.
Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520-21 (1972). According to the complaint, in
the course of a regularly scheduled TB skin test administered to inmates, a prison
medical technician failed to check the contents of a syringe and mistakenly
**
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this three-judge
panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not be of material
assistance in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th
Cir. R. 34.1(G). The cause is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
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administered an injection of tetanus. Both Mr. James and the prison staff were on
notice that he suffered from chronic urticaria (hives), which results from an
allergic reaction to various substances including tetanus. Mr. James’s allergy to
tetanus was clearly indicated on the cover of his BOP medical file. Immediately
prior to receiving the injection, Mr. James asked to see the container from which
the pre-loaded syringes had been drawn from and reminded the technician of his
allergic condition. The medical technician responded to the effect that Mr. James
could either take the injection or be sent to a segregation unit. Mr. James
accepted the injection and subsequently experienced an allergic reaction. In his
brief on appeal, Mr. James adds that the source of the problem was the prison
pharmacists giving the nurse the wrong substance instead of what had been
ordered, tetanus toxoid instead of PPD. Aplt. Br. at VI. Although Mr. James’s
amended complaint also contains allegations that prison staff attempted to cover
up this episode, the substance of his complaint is an Eighth Amendment violation
involving the mixup.
On appeal Mr. James argues that the district court erred in determining that
his action was legally frivolous because he either could not demonstrate
deliberate indifference or personal participation required to prevail on an Eighth
Amendment violation. The district court dismissed Plaintiff’s claims as to all
Defendants except the person administering the injection, on the grounds that a
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Bivens suit will not lie against any Defendant not directly involved in the alleged
violation. The district court further rejected Plaintiff’s claims against the medical
technician, holding that her conduct amounted to no more than gross negligence,
and as such is insufficient to support a claim of deliberate indifference.
We review the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiff’s Bivens action as
legally frivolous under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i), as well as the denial of a
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) motion, for an abuse of discretion. See Switzer v. Coan,
261 F.3d 985, 988 (10th Cir. 2001) (Rule 60(b)); Schlicher v. Thomas, 111 F.3d
777, 779 (10th Cir. 1997) (§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(i)). Even if we reviewed the dismissal
de novo (as one for failure to state a claim under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)),
we would come to the same result.
In order to succeed on his Eighth Amendment claim, Plaintiff must
demonstrate both an objective and subjective component, that his medical
condition (risk of hives from an improper injection) was sufficiently serious and
that a named prison official was aware of the facts suggesting a substantial risk of
harm from the course of action taken. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837
(1994); Sealock v. Colorado, 218 F.3d 1205, 1209 (10th Cir. 2000). Negligence,
or even gross negligence, does not constitute deliberate indifference to serious
medical needs. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 n.14 (1976) (negligence);
Berry v. City of Muskogee, 900 F.2d 1489, 1495-96 (10th Cir. 1990) (negligence
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or gross negligence); see also Perkins v. Lawson, 312 F.3d 872, 876 (7th Cir.
2002) (same).
We need not address the first component, although we would note that
hives are rarely serious, because it is clear that the second component cannot be
met on these facts. The complaint cannot satisfy the requirement that “the official
must both be aware of facts from which the inference could be drawn that a
substantial risk of serious harm exists, and [s]he must also draw that inference.”
Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. No allegation suggests that the technician (let alone
others named in the complaint) was aware of any likelihood that the pre-loaded
syringes contained the wrong substance.
That distinguishes this case from Thomas v. Pate, 493 F.2d 151, 158 (7th
Cir. 1974), where the Seventh Circuit found deliberate indifference where a nurse
gave an inmate a shot of penicillin, despite the medical staff being told of the
inmate’s allergy to penicillin and the inmate’s medical record so indicating.
Thomas was cited as an example of deliberate indifference in Estelle, 429 U.S. at
104 n.10, but it involved the knowing use of a drug the inmate was allergic to and
a subsequent failure to treat when a physician was informed of the problem. In
the present case, upon discovering Mr. James’s allergic reaction, prison staff
administered medical treatment. The fact that this treatment was not to Mr.
James’s liking does not constitute deliberate indifference. See also Lair v.
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Oglesby, 859 F.2d 605, 606 (8th Cir. 1988) (summary judgment improper where
complaint alleged continued injections of drug after notifying prison psychiatrist
of adverse reactions); Benson v. Cady, 761 F.2d 335, 341 (7th Cir. 1985) (no
Eighth Amendment claim where there was no allegation that physician
“intentionally prescribed the incorrect medication or that he did so with the
knowledge that it would harm [the inmate]”); Boyce v. Alizaduh, 595 F.2d 948,
952 (4th Cir. 1979) (under former version § 1915, complaint was not frivolous
where inmate warned physician of allergic reaction, yet physician continued
prescribing medication with harmful consequences). The facts in this case are not
as egregious. Given our conclusion, it follows that the district court did not abuse
its discretion in denying the Rule 60(b) motion.
AFFIRMED. We GRANT Mr. James’s application to proceed without
prepayment of the appellate filing fee and remind him that he is obligated to
continue making payments until the entire appellate filing fee has been paid.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr.
Circuit Judge
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