F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
APR 27 2005
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
GEORGE BROWN,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 04-2184
(D.C. No. CIV-03-1247 MCA/ACT)
LAWRENCE TAFOYA, Warden; (D. N.M.)
ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR THE
STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before LUCERO , McKAY , and ANDERSON , Circuit Judges.
George Brown, in custody in the state system, seeks review of the district
court’s order dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2254. Brown raised six issues in his federal habeas petition. The district court
granted a general certificate of appealability that did not specify on which issues
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court
generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order
and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.
After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Brown had made a substantial showing that he had been denied a constitutional
right. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c) (requiring a certificate of appealability). Before
us, Brown presents argument on three of the issues from his habeas petition: that
the delay in his re-sentencing violated the speedy trial clause in the Sixth
Amendment; that he was subject to double jeopardy when a civil forfeiture
judgment was entered against him prior to his criminal charges being finalized;
and that the state’s use of his prior trafficking convictions to add an enhancement
under the New Mexico Habitual Offender Act, in addition to an enhancement
under the New Mexico Controlled Substances Act, was unlawful. We have
jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291 and 2253(a), and we affirm.
Because the magistrate judge’s order presents a thorough and detailed
recitation of the facts, we will only set forth a brief background of the case.
Brown was convicted by a jury of possession of cocaine; trafficking a controlled
substance (cocaine) by possession with intent to distribute (two counts); and
possession of drug paraphernalia. After sentencing, Brown filed his first appeal
with the New Mexico Court of Appeals. On April 26, 2000, the court of appeals
ruled that Brown’s two convictions for trafficking should merge into one
conviction, but that his remaining claims lacked merit. The court remanded the
matter for modification of Brown’s judgment and sentence. Through counsel,
Brown petitioned for a writ of certiorari in the New Mexico Supreme Court. The
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petition was denied on June 14.
On April 2, 2001, Brown, proceeding pro se, filed a petition for writ of
certiorari or in the alternative a common-law petition for a writ of habeas corpus
with the New Mexico Supreme Court. On June 29, the New Mexico Supreme
Court, under the mistaken impression that the trial court had re-sentenced Brown,
construed the petition as a direct appeal and transferred the petition to the court of
appeals. On October 24, the court of appeals dismissed and remanded Brown’s
appeal. On January 24, 2002, the trial court re-sentenced Brown to the same
sentence originally entered.
Brown then filed his third appeal in which he argued: that the delay in his
re-sentencing violated his right to a speedy trial and should result in a dismissal
of the charges; that double jeopardy required the dismissal of his convictions
under the holding of State v. Nunez , 2 P.3d 264 (N.M. 1999); and that his
sentence enhancements under the New Mexico Habitual Offender Act and the
New Mexico Controlled Substances Act were unlawful. 1
The court of appeals
concluded that there had been a twelve-month delay in Brown’s sentencing that
was not attributable to his actions. After balancing the four factors for
1
Brown raised three other issues before the court of appeals and in his
federal habeas petition, but he did not raise those issues before this court.
Accordingly, those issues are waived and we will not address them here. See
State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Mhoon , 31 F.3d 979, 984 n.7 (10th Cir. 1994).
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determining a Sixth Amendment violation as enumerated in Barker v. Wingo ,
407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972), the court determined that Brown did not suffer
demonstrable or substantial prejudice from the delay in re-sentencing and that
therefore his Sixth Amendment rights were not violated. On Brown’s second
issue, the court held that the record was insufficient to determine the merits of his
double-jeopardy claim. On the third issue, the court declined to review the merits
of the claim because Brown could have raised it in his first appeal.
Brown petitioned unsuccessfully for a writ of certiorari to the New Mexico
Supreme Court. Brown then filed his federal habeas petition with the district
court in which he raised the same issues as before the New Mexico Court of
Appeals. The district court concluded that the state court’s decision that Brown’s
Sixth Amendment rights were not violated by the delay in his re-sentencing was
not contrary to clearly established law, nor was it an unreasonable determination
of the facts in light of the evidence presented. The district court determined that
the other two issues, as presented by Brown, alleged violations of New Mexico
law and did not state a claim for federal habeas relief.
In order to be entitled to habeas relief on his Sixth Amendment claim,
Brown must demonstrate that the state court’s decision was “contrary to, or
involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as
determined by the Supreme Court of the United States,” or was “based on an
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unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the
State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1) & (2). Further, state court
findings are presumed to be correct unless the petitioner rebuts this presumption
by clear and convincing evidence. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(1). With respect to
Brown’s other two claims, because the state court did not address the merits of
these claims, we review de novo the district court’s legal conclusion that Brown
was not eligible for federal habeas relief on these claims because they were based
solely on violations of New Mexico law, see Paxton v. Ward , 199 F.3d 1197,
1204 (10th Cir. 1999), and conclude that the conclusion was warranted.
Our review of the appellate briefs, the record, and the applicable law, lead
us to conclude that, for substantially the reasons stated in the magistrate judge’s
proposed findings and recommended disposition (as adopted by the district court
in its June 30, 2004 order and judgment), Brown has not established his
entitlement to habeas relief. The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED .
Entered for the Court
Carlos F. Lucero
Circuit Judge
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