F I L E D
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
June 27, 2005
TENTH CIRCUIT
PATRICK FISHER
Clerk
LAWRENCE WILLIAM
FITZGERALD,
Petitioner - Appellant,
No. 04-1285
v. (D. Colorado)
(D.Ct. No. 04-Z-1125)
CARL ZENON, Superintendent;
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
STATE OF COLORADO,
Respondents - Appellees.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY
AND DISMISSING APPEAL
Before SEYMOUR, LUCERO, and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Lawrence William Fitzgerald, Jr., a state prisoner appearing pro se, 1 seeks a
1
We construe pro se pleadings liberally. Ledbetter v. City of Topeka, Kan., 318
F.3d 1183, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003).
certificate of appealability (“COA”) allowing him to appeal the district court’s
order denying his petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254.
He also moves to proceed in forma pauperis (ifp) on appeal. Because we
determine that Fitzgerald has not made a “substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right,” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2); Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473,
483-84 (2000), we deny a COA, dismiss the appeal, and deny his motion to
proceed ifp.
Background:
Fitzgerald is incarcerated at the Arkansas Valley Correctional Facility in
Crowley, Colorado. He alleges that in 1991 he was sentenced to a term of four
years in prison after entering an Alford 2 plea to one count of attempted violation
of a custody order. He did not file a direct appeal, but rather filed several post-
conviction motions challenging the validity of his conviction in a Colorado
district court (“CDC”). On January 28, 1992, Fitzgerald filed a motion to
reconsider his sentence under Rule 35(b) of the Colorado Rules of Criminal
Procedure, which the CDC denied on May 13, 1992. On August 11, 1992, he
filed his first motion challenging the validity of his conviction under Rule 35(c)
of the Colorado Rules of Criminal Procedure, which the CDC denied on April 25,
1997. Fitzgerald also filed a motion for the appointment of counsel to assist him
2
North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25 (1970).
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in filing an appeal and preparing a new post-conviction motion, which the CDC
denied on May 29, 1997. He then filed a motion for reconsideration which the
CDC did not address. In July 2000, Fitzgerald filed his second Rule 35(c) motion
which was denied as successive in November 2000. Fitzgerald appealed; the
Colorado Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of his second Rule 35(c) motion
but reversed and remanded his ineffective assistance of post-conviction counsel
claim. Fitzgerald alleges the CDC has failed to act on remand.
On June 2, 2004, Fitzgerald filed an Application for a Writ of Habeas
Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the district court (“USDC”). Fitzgerald
asserted three claims for relief: 1) the state trial court’s failure to consider his
post-conviction motion on remand violated his due process rights and this failure
should excuse his failure to exhaust his state court remedies; 2) the state court
violated his equal protection rights by delaying his post-conviction proceedings
because of his poverty; and 3) his post-conviction counsel was ineffective. On
June 18, 2004, the district court dismissed Fitzgerald’s habeas corpus application
for failure to allege a cognizable federal constitutional claim. On July 1, 2004,
Fitzgerald filed a Motion to Reconsider, which the USDC denied on July 13,
2004. On July 21, 2004, Fitzgerald filed a Request for Certificate of Probable
Cause Pursuant to Rule 22(b) which the USDC construed as a Notice of Appeal
and request for COA. On July 29, 2004, the USDC denied a COA because
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Fitzgerald had not made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right. Fitzgerald then filed a motion to proceed ifp on appeal. The district court
denied his motion on August 11, 2004, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3),
concluding the appeal was not taken in good faith because he had not shown the
existence of a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of
the issues raised. See F ED . R. A PP . P. 24(a)(1).
On appeal, Fitzgerald seeks a COA, reasserting the three claims he raised in
USDC and challenging it’s failure to grant an evidentiary hearing. He has also
filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental brief, arguing for the first time that
the federal district court judge was biased and should have recused herself.
Ordinarily we do not consider arguments raised for the first time on appeal or not
ruled upon by the district court. In re Walker, 959 F.2d 894, 896 (10th Cir.
1992); In re R. Eric Peterson Constr. Co., 951 F.2d 1175, 1182 (10th Cir. 1991).
However, Fitzgerald claims he was unaware of the putative bias until after he
filed his appeal. We exercise discretion and grant his motion to file the brief,
Anixter v. Home-Stake Prod. Co., 77 F.3d 1215, 1229 (10th Cir. 1996), but as we
discuss below, reject his argument that the judge should have recused herself.
Fitzgerald also renews his motion for leave to proceed ifp on appeal. See F ED . R.
A PP . P. 24(a)(5).
Discussion:
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After careful consideration of the materials submitted by Fitzgerald against
the backdrop of the state court record, it is apparent the district court’s
conclusions are not reasonably debatable. See Slack v. McDonald, 529 U.S. 473,
484 (2000). States are not obligated to provide defendants with post-conviction
review. Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551, 557 (1987). As such,
“constitutional error [that] focuses only on the State’s post-conviction remedy and
not the judgment which provides the basis for . . . incarceration . . . states no
cognizable federal habeas claim.” Sellers v. Ward, 135 F.3d 1333, 1339 (10th
Cir. 1998); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2254(i) (expressly barring relief for claims
alleging ineffective assistance of counsel in state collateral post-conviction
proceedings); Steele v. Young, 11 F.3d 1518, 1524 (10th Cir. 1993). Each of
Fitzgerald’s claims in federal court challenged the validity of Colorado’s post-
conviction procedures. Because the claims did not address the validity of his
conviction or sentence, they did not state a cognizable federal habeas claim. As
such, Fitzgerald was not entitled to an evidentiary hearing under § 2254.
Fitzgerald’s claim that the judge was required to recuse herself under 28
U.S.C. §§ 144 and 455 for perceived bias is without merit. To warrant recusal
under § 144, the alleged bias must be personal and extrajudicial. See United
States v. Irwin, 561 F.2d 198, 200 (10th Cir. 1977); Davis v. Cities Serv. Oil Co.,
420 F.2d 1278, 1282 (10th Cir. 1970). The mere fact that the district court judge
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presided over a separate case and granted summary judgment for parties who were
“indispensable” to Fitzgerald’s prosecution (Appellant’s Supp. Br. at 1.) does not
amount to personal bias or prejudice. The separate case did not involve
Fitzgerald or his criminal conviction, and even if it did, Fitzgerald provides no
support for concluding the judge was biased against him, that the bias was
personal, or that the bias was attributable to an extrajudicial source. Nor does §
455 provide an avenue for recusal as it requires the disqualification of a judge if
“his impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a)(emphasis
added). Neither a judge’s knowledge about a party from the judge’s participation
in a separate case nor a prior adverse ruling in another proceeding is a ground for
recusal under §§ 144 or 455. United States v. Cooley, 1 F.3d 985, 993-94 (10th
Cir. 1993) (collecting cases). 3
Because Fitzgerald’s petition clearly does not state a cognizable
constitutional claim, he has failed show the existence of a reasoned, nonfrivolous
argument on the law and facts in support of the issues he raises on appeal. His
complaint merely consists of conclusory allegations that fail to present any legal
theory or specific facts that could conceivably amount to a constitutional
violation. Accordingly, we deny his request to proceed ifp on appeal.
3
The claim of bias is especially doubtful here, where the district court judge’s
opinion in the separate matter was affirmed on appeal. See Morgan v. Gertz, 166 F.3d
1307 (10th Cir. 1999).
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Conclusion:
We GRANT Fitzgerald’s motion for leave to file a supplemental brief. For
substantially the same reasons set forth by the district court, we DENY
Fitzgerald’s request for a COA and DISMISS the appeal. We also DENY his
motion for leave to proceed ifp on appeal. Fitzgerald shall remit the full amount
of the filing fee within twenty (20) days of this order.
Entered by the Court:
Terrence L. O’Brien
United States Circuit Judge
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